Showing papers by "Vanderbilt University published in 1972"
TL;DR: Epidermal growth factor is a signaling molecule that stimulates the growth of epidermal tissues during development and throughout life and led to the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Cohen and Rita Levi–Montalcini.
1,548 citations
TL;DR: A new procedure has been devised for the preparation of pure epidermal growth factor in high yield through a two-step column fractionation of crude extracts of the submaxillary gland obtained from adult male mice.
1,109 citations
TL;DR: Considering manic-depressive disorders and related phenomena from the viewpoint of cholinergic-adrenergic balance, or conceptualising behaviour as having both adrenergic andcholinergic components, provides a framework for understanding the affective disorders.
1,049 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that adenosine triphosphate was activating the enzyme in a fashion functionally distinct from its action as a phosphate donor, since the concentration of adenosines triph phosphate required for activation was much higher than that required for phosphorylation.
809 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the adequacy of an interpretive linguistic approach to the description of the knowledge communicated by sentences by asking whether sentence retention was primarily a function of memory for the semantically interpreted deep structural relations underlying the input sentences or a function for the overall semantic situations that such sentences described.
791 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that the difference between the rates of men and women could be attributed to unmarried women having extremely high rates of mental illness, while married women do not have higher rates than their male counterparts.
Abstract: In modern Western societies women have higher rates of mental illness than men. In this article it is suggested that this difference can be attributed to the role of married women. More specifically, it is shown that married women have noticeably higher rates of mental illness than married men. In contrast, it is shown that when single women are compared with single men, divorced women with divorced men, and widowed women with widowed men, these women do not have rates of mental illness that are higher than their male counterparts. In fact, if there is a difference within these marital categories, it is that women have lower rates of mental illness. In a recent paper Gove and Tudor (1972) looked at the proportion of men and women who were mentally ill in modern industrial societies as indicated by community surveys, first admissions to mental hospitals, psychiatric treatment in general hospitals, psychiatric outpatient clinics, private outpatient psychiatric care, and psychiatric illness in the practices of general physicians. All of these sources indicated that women are more likely to be mentally ill than men. As most studies indicate that never married and formerly married persons have higher rates of mental illness than those who are married, one might expect that the difference between the rates of men and women could be attributed to unmarried women having extremely high rates of mental illness. This would conform to the stereotype of the carefree bachelor and the rejected spinster (or former wife). However, in this article I will indicate that this expectation is incorrect and that it is the relatively high rates of mental illness in married women that account for the higher rates of mental illness among women. Furthermore, I will attempt to show that it is the roles confronting married men and women that account for the high rates among women and not some other factor such as women being biologically more susceptible to mental ill-
691 citations
636 citations
TL;DR: The complete amino acid sequence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been established through the use of automated Edman degradation and standard enzymatic and chemical techniques and is in agreement with the molecular weight of 6400 established by physical measurements.
506 citations
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01 Jan 1972476 citations
TL;DR: The cytoplasmic progesterone-binding proteins of chick oviduct are shown to consist of two major 4 S fractions which occur in equal amounts, suggesting that the same class of hormonebinding site is involved on both A and B.
349 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that variations in plasma Ca++ are not important in the regulation of hepatic glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis and part of the function of the steroids appears to be to maintain normal sensitivity of these processes to cyclic AMP.
TL;DR: Acidic proteins associated with the DNA of oviduct cells seem to possess tissue specificity and to contain the binding sites for progesterone.
Abstract: Acidic proteins associated with the DNA of oviduct cells seem to possess tissue specificity and to contain the binding sites for progesterone.
TL;DR: A rapid and sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay for EGF has been developed in which rabbit antibody to EGF was adsorbed onto the walls of nylon vessels.
Abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a biologically active polypeptide extracted from male mouse submaxillary glands. It exists either alone or complexed with an arginine esterase. It causes generalized epidermal growth and keratinization in the immature mouse and results in precocious tooth eruption and eye-opening that are the basis for an EGF bioassay. EGF is also active in a variety of epithelial tissues from several other species. A rapid and sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay for EGF has been developed in which rabbit antibody to EGF was adsorbed onto the walls of nylon vessels. After 24 hr of incubation, 125I-labeled EGF was displaced by as little as 30 pg of unlabeled EGF. There was no cross-reaction with the arginine esterase; mouse nerve growth factor; rat growth hormone or prolactin; human growth hormone, ACTH, FSH, LH or TSH; beef or pork insulin; or angiotensin I. Immunoreactive EGF concentrations in submaxillary glands of immature, 15-dayold male mice were very low (0.016 ng/mg of wet tissue...
TL;DR: Competition studies showed a high specificity for progesterone and that little of the progestersone binding was due to contamination by corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG).
Abstract: Progesterone—binding components in the uterine cytosol from the mouse and rat have been detected using sucrose—glycerol gradient analysis. The binding components in mouse uterine cytosol had sedimentation values of 4S and 6.5S and for the rat, values of 4S and 7S were determined. The binding components in both species were found to be specific for the uterus and to be protein in nature. The amount of binding was dependent upon the endocrine status of the animal. Castration destroyed the binding components, but they could be restored to intact levels following estrogen stimulation. Competition studies showed a high specificity for progesterone and that little of the progesterone binding was due to contamination by corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG). Equilibrium measurements have indicated a high affinity of the receptor—hormone interaction (Kd 10-8 – 10-9M) while kinetic measurements have revealed a very rapid dissociation of the receptor—hormone complex which could be stabilized somewhat by glycerol. T...
TL;DR: The response of plasma renin activity (PRA) to the stimuli of upright posture and sodium deprivation was determined in three normal adults and in ten hypertensive patients before and after chronic alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine and chronic beta-blockade with propranolol.
Abstract: The response of plasma renin activity (PRA) to the stimuli of upright posture and sodium deprivation was determined in three normal adults and in ten hypertensive patients before and after chronic alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine and chronic beta-blockade with propranolol. Alpha-receptor blockade produced little effect on supine or upright PRA values; beta-receptor blockade, however, consistently and significantly suppressed PRA in both the supine and standing positions. Dose-response studies suggest that the maximal suppression of PRA attainable after oral propranolol administration occurs at peak plasma levels of about 30–50 ng/ml. Beta-adrenergic receptors appear to constitute that part of the sympathetic nervous system which mediates a significant portion of the renin release mechanism. Pharmacologic interference with renin secretion by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade is easily achieved in both normal and hypertensive subjects. The suppression of supine and upright PRA with b...
TL;DR: The molecular weight of epidermal growth factor is estimated to be approximately 6100 by the methods of sedimentation equilibrium, gel filtration, and minimum molecular weight calculations from amino acid analyses.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the enhanced responsiveness of the oviduct to progester one following estrogen treatment may arise through quantitative and qualitative changes in progesterone receptor molecules.
Abstract: The effects of estrogen treatment on the specific progesterone binding protein (receptor) in the chick oviduct were investigated. The progesterone receptor is present in non-estrogen treated oviducts but the tissue concentration of this protein increases several fold during a 2- week-period of estrogen treatment. In addition, qualitative changes in the receptor protein are indicated by its sedimentation properties on sucrose gradients. Following estrogen treatment, the 4-5S progesterone-receptor complex is apparently altered to a form which sediments in the 6-8S region on sucrose gradients. These results suggest that the enhanced responsiveness of the oviduct to progesterone following estrogen treatment may arise through quantitative and qualitative changes in progesterone receptor molecules. (Endocrinology 90: 1041, 1972)
TL;DR: The irreversible tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine, decreases the brain level of 5-hydroxytryptamine; however, this effect has disappeared 2 weeks after injection.
TL;DR: The two types of binding activity characteristic of crude cytosol progesterone receptor, namely, the association with DNA and with target cell chromatin proteins have thus been resolved and shown to reside in receptor Components A and B, respectively.
TL;DR: It appears that women have been experiencing an increase in stress relative to men, and there is a greater disparity between being married and being single (or widowed, divorced) for men than for women.
Abstract: In this paper the suicidal behavior of men and women is analyzed for the purpose of increasing our understanding of the roles they occupy in our society. In general it appears that women have been experiencing an increase in stress relative to men. When we look at the relationship between sex, marital status and suicidal behavior, it is evident that there is a greater disparity between being married and being single (or widowed, divorced) for men than for women. These results tend to confirm earlier findings with respect to sex differences in the areas of mental illness and psychological well-being.
TL;DR: Comparison of the chemical composition and immunochemical analysis of the untreated and reconstituted chromatins indicates that non-histone (acidic) proteins also can be switched from oviduct chromatin to the DNA of other tissues to form "hybrid" chromatin, suggesting that the acidic proteins are involved in maintaining open template.
TL;DR: Oestradiol-17beta was injected intravenously into ovariectomized rats and detectable hormonal response in isolated uterine nuclei was an increase in RNA polymerase II activity (DNA-like RNA synthesis), which reached a peak at 30min and then decreased to control values before displaying a second increase over control activity from 2 to 12h.
Abstract: Oestradiol-17β (1.0μg) was injected intravenously into ovariectomized rats. The earliest detectable hormonal response in isolated uterine nuclei was an increase (10–15min) in RNA polymerase II activity (DNA-like RNA synthesis), which reached a peak at 30min and then decreased to control values (by 1–2h) before displaying a second increase over control activity from 2 to 12h. The next response to oestradiol-17β was an increase (30–60min) in polymerase I activity (rRNA synthesis) and template capacity of the chromatin. The concentrations of acidic chromatin proteins did not begin to increase until 1h after injection of oestradiol-17β and histone concentrations showed no significant changes during the 8h period after administration. The early (15min) increase in RNA synthesis in `high-salt conditions9 can be completely eliminated by α-amanitin, an inhibitor of the RNA polymerase II. The exact nature of this early increase in endogenous polymerase II activity remains to be determined, e.g. whether it is caused by the increased availability of transcribable DNA of the chromatin or via direct hormonal activation of the enzyme per se .
TL;DR: A series of studies are presented demonstrating that Ss do not simply retain information expressed by individual input sentences, but spontaneously integrate information communicated by sets of semantically related (and often non-consecutively presented) acquisition sentences to construct more wholistic semantic descriptions.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the EPR spectra from very slowly tumbling nitroxide radicals have been found to be sensitive in shape to the molecular motion, even though they are substantially identical with that from a rigid powder.
TL;DR: The long-term effects of H. influenzae meningitis were studied in 86 patients who were treated with acceptable antibiotic therapy during acute episode in 1950 to 1964 in Nashville, Tennessee and it was concluded that prevention of this disease should now be a prime goal.
Abstract: The long-term effects of H. influenzae meningitis were studied in 86 patients who were treated with acceptable antibiotic therapy during acute episode in 1950 to 1964 in Nashville, Tennessee. Follow-up revealed that 11 were dead (eight died within first 24 hours of hospitalization). Fifty-six of them returned to Vanderbilt Medical Center for the following appraisals: history, general physical and neurological examinations; pure tone audiometry evaluation; and psychological testing by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Nineteen others sent information by questionnaire. Results indicated that 26 (29%) survivors had severe or significant handicaps; 12 (14%) had possible residuals; and 37 (43%) were free of detectable deficits. It was concluded that prevention of this disease should now be a prime goal.
TL;DR: The two dicarbonates may be useful as agents for selective blocking and deblocking of amino or other groups and in good yield under mild conditions.
Abstract: Di-t-butyl dicarbonate and one of its dithiol analogs, practical methods of preparation for which are given, react with amino-acid esters to form the N-t-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) derivatives and the thiol analogs in good yield under mild conditions. The thiol analogs are stable to acidic conditions, which rapidly remove the t-BOC group itself. t-Butyl trimethylsilyl carbonate forms a (CH(3))(3)Si ether from a N-thiol-t-BOC serine methyl ester. The N-thiol-t-BOC group can be removed from the -NHCOSR (R = t-butyl) by heating with peroxide-acetic acid.Action of the dicarbonates described above has not been attended by racemization in the cases examined. The two dicarbonates may be useful as agents for selective blocking and deblocking of amino or other groups.
TL;DR: Odom et al. as mentioned in this paper found that older children made more correct discriminations and productions than younger children, but contrary to expectations, the difference between discrimination and production increased with age.
Abstract: ODOM, RICHARD D., and LEMOND, CAROLYN M. Developmental Differences in the Perception and Production of Facial Expressions. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1972, 43, 359-369. The present study was designed to determine if a developmental lag exists between the perception and production of facial expressions. Each of 32 kindergarten and 32 fifth-grade children participated in 1 of 2 types of discrimination task and 1 of 2 types of production task. The results indicated that both age groups correctly discriminated more of the 8 assessed expressions than they produced. The older children made more correct discriminations and productions than the younger children, but contrary to expectations, the difference between discrimination and production increased with age. The implications of the results for perceptual learning and socialization were discussed.
TL;DR: DNA driven into a compact state by excluded volume interactions undergoes a spontaneous rearrangement to an ordered tertiary structure characterized by a circular dichroism spectrum greatly differing from that of DNA in solution.
Abstract: DNA driven into a compact state by excluded volume interactions undergoes a spontaneous rearrangement to an ordered tertiary structure characterized by a circular dichroism spectrum greatly differing from that of DNA in solution.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that for all x ϵ X, t ⩾ 0, limn → ∞(T(tn) S(tn))nx = U(t)x = T(n)x − ∝0t T(t − s) BU(s) x ds.