Showing papers by "Vanderbilt University published in 1980"
TL;DR: The somatotopic organization of the postcentral parietal cortex of the Old World monkey, Macaca fascicularis, was determined with multi‐unit microelectrode recordings and it is suggested that the representation in Area 3b is homologous to “SmI” (or “SI”) in non‐primates.
Abstract: The somatotopic organization of the postcentral parietal cortex of the Old World monkey, Macaca fascicularis, was determined with multi-unit microelectrode recordings. The results lead to the following conclusions: 1) There are at least two complete and systematic representations of the contralateral body surface in the cortex of the postcentral gyrus. One representation is contained within Area 3b, the other within Area 1. 2) While there are important differences in the organization of the two representations, they are basically mirror-images of each other. 3) Each representation maintains body-surface adjacency by cortical adjacency in some mediolateral regions. In other regions, two types of discontinuities can be described: first, in which adjacent body surfaces are represented in separate cortical loci; second, in which adjacent cortical regions represent disparate body-surface regions. The internal organization of each representation is better described as a composite of somatotopic regions (Merzenich et al., '78) than as a serial array of dermatomal bands, or as a "homunculus." 4) While architectonic Area 2 responds to stimulation of deep body tissue, at least parts of Area 2 also respond to cutaneous stimulation. The organiation of the cutaneous representation of the hand in Area 2 is basically a mirror-image of the hand representation in Area 1. 5) Area 3a is activated by deep body tissue stimulation, suggesting the possibility of a fourth body representation within the traditional "S-I" region of somatosensory cortex in macaques. In accord with a previous study in a New World monkey (Merzenich et al., '78), we suggest that the cutaneous representation in Area 3b be considered as SI proper, and that the cutaneous representation in Area 1 be termed the posterior cutaneous field. Furthermore, based on the orientation of the representations of the body surface, as well as other factors, we suggest that the representation in Area 3b is homologous to "SmI" (or "SI") in non-primates.
421 citations
TL;DR: The results identify epidermal growth factor as a major growth-promoting agent in breast milk and its role in mitogenic activity is identified.
Abstract: Human milk stimulates DNA synthesis in cell cultures in which growth has been arrested. The mitogenic activity of milk is neutralized by the addition of antibody to human epidermal growth factor. The results identify epidermal growth factor as a major growth-promoting agent in breast milk.
293 citations
TL;DR: Deep Sea Drilling Project cores collected at site 362/362A suggest the time of initiation of the Benguela upwelling system off northern Namibia began in the early late Miocene, about 10 million years before the present.
Abstract: Deep Sea Drilling Project cores collected at site 362/362A suggest the time of initiation of the Benguela upwelling system off northern Namibia. Studies of sediment accumulation rates, diatom abundances, microfossil temperature preferences (for planktic foraminifers, calcareous nannoplankton, and silicoflagellates), productivity (expressed as the organic carbon content), and phosphorus incorporation in calcareous skeletons all suggest that major, sustained upwelling began in the early late Miocene. Upwelling brought cold, nutrient-rich waters to the surface, and the modern Benguela system dates from this time (about 10 million years before the present).
292 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the medial nucleus may act as a relay through which chemosensory information influences activity in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic junction and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals, areas important in the mediation of male sexual behavior.
Abstract: Bilateral lesions restricted to the medial nucleus of the amygdala eliminate mating behavior in the male hamster and severely diminish the male's sniffing and licking investigation of the female hamster's anogenital region. The results suggest that olfactory and vomeronasal sensory information critical to male mating behavior is processed in the medial nucleus, which is an androgen-binding brain area. Thus the medial nucleus may act as a relay through which chemosensory information influences activity in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic junction and the bed nucleus of the stria terminals, areas important in the mediation of male sexual behavior.
275 citations
01 Jan 1980
245 citations
TL;DR: The results reveal that stereopsis emerges at 3 1/2 to 6 months of age, an outcome consistent with evidence for rapid postnatal development of the visual system.
Abstract: Stereoscopic depth perception was tested in human infants by a new method based on attracting the infant's attention through movement of a stereoscopic contour formed from a dynamic random-element stereogram. The results reveal that stereopsis emerges at 3 1/2 to 6 months of age, an outcome consistent with evidence for rapid postnatal development of the visual system.
242 citations
TL;DR: The described procedures permit the rapid and reproducible purification of three major rat liver microsomal enzymes which can be coupled to study bioactivation and detoxification of a variety of xenobiotics in reconstituted systems.
226 citations
TL;DR: Nearly all n-extendable graphs (n>=2) are shown to be (n-1)-extendedable and (n + 1)- connected.
205 citations
205 citations
TL;DR: The main finding is that under certain conditions the computationally simpler Silver-Meal heuristic can provide cost performance superior to that of the Wagner-Whitin algorithm.
Abstract: This paper examines the impact of a rolling-schedule implementation on the performance of three of the better known lot-sizing methods for single-level assembly systems——Part-Period-Cost-Balancing, Silver-Meal, and Wagner-Whitin algorithms—and a modified version of the Silver-Meal procedure. The main finding is that under certain conditions the computationally simpler Silver-Meal heuristic can provide cost performance superior to that of the Wagner-Whitin algorithm.
203 citations
TL;DR: The magnetic field of the action potential from an isolated frog sciatic nerve was measured by a SQUID magnetometer with a novel room-temperature pickup coil.
Abstract: The magnetic field of the action potential from an isolated frog sciatic nerve was measured by a SQUID magnetometer with a novel room-temperature pickup coil. The 1.2 x 10(-10) tesla field was measured 1.3 millimeters from the nerve with a signal-to-noise ratio of 40 to 1.
TL;DR: The results of this analysis suggest that therapy outcomes are importantly determined by the patient's ability to take advantage of the particular relationship the therapist has to offer; conversely, therapy fails if there is a poor match on these dimensions.
Abstract: • Why do some patients succeed in psychotherapy whereas others fail? Moreover, what can be learned from a comparison of two comparable patients treated by the same therapist under very similar conditions? Two cases drawn from the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Project, a controlled study of process and outcome, were studied with a view toward deepening scientific and clinical understanding of time-limited psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Analyses of this kind are also important because the typical psychotherapy outcome study largely ignores individual cases entering into data of "average improvement." Based on systematic outcome and process measures, combined with a detailed study of complete process recordings, the case histories presented herein were those of two young men suffering from anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal who were treated by the same psychotherapist. The results of this analysis, the first of a series, suggest that therapy outcomes are importantly determined by the patient's ability to take advantage of the particular relationship the therapist has to offer; conversely, therapy fails if there is a poor match on these dimensions. Pertinent variables are further specified.
TL;DR: It is reported that prostacyclin inhibits the mobilisation of specific binding sites (‘receptors’) for fibrinogen on human platelets and that this effect parallels the inhibition of ADP- or thrombin-induced aggregation.
Abstract: Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2), produced by the blood vessel wall is the most potent known inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by such stimuli as ADP and thrombin. It binds to a specific platelet receptor and activates adenylate cyclase, raising the cyclic AMP level in platelets. This property can be important because platelets participate in several significant interactions. For example, the interaction with fibrinogen or fibrin contributes to the formation of the haemostatic plug. Intact plasma fibrinogen is required for the aggregation of platelets induced by ADP, and endogenous platelet fibrinogen influences thrombin-induced aggregation. We have therefore studied the effect of prostacyclin on the interaction of fibrinogen with human platelets. We now report that prostacyclin inhibits the mobilisation of specific binding sites ('receptors') for fibrinogen on human platelets and that this effect parallels the inhibition of ADP- or thrombin-induced aggregation. The inhibitory effect of prostacyclin may limit the extent of platelet-fibrinogen interaction in vivo and in extracorporeal circulation.
TL;DR: The elimination half-life of chlordiazepoxide was also significantly prolonged by cimetidine therapy, and this was, at least in part, due to decreased demethylation of the drug to N-desmethylchlordiazepox.
Abstract: We have studied chlordiazepoxide (Librium) disposition and elimination in eight normal subjects before and after 1 week of cimetidine therapy, 300 mg orally four times a day. Cimetidine strikingly impaired the clearance of chlordiazepoxide from plasma, and this was, at least in part, due to decreased demethylation of the drug to N-desmethylchlordiazepoxide. Since the volume of distribution of chlordiazepoxide was not altered by cimetidine, the elimination half-life of chlordiazepoxide was also significantly prolonged by cimetidine therapy.
TL;DR: The results provide further evidence for the theory that the delayed therapeutic action of different prototypes of antidepressant treatments may be related to the delayed change in noradrenergic receptor function and that a reduction in the density of β-adren allergic receptors is only one mechanism by which the sensitivity of the system is regulated.
TL;DR: Octadeuterated analogs of HETEs prepared from octadeuterate arachidonic acid by this procedure were suitable for use as internal standards in stable isotope dilution assays, by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, with selected ion monitoring.
TL;DR: Results showed that the therapeutic outcome was a function of the patient's ability to become involved in a therapeutic relationship and to work productively within the framework proffered by the therapist.
Abstract: • This is the fourth in a series of comparisons involving patients treated in time-limited psychotherapy. The two patients were young men suffering from anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. Both were treated by a highly experienced psychotherapist. One of the patients achieved lasting therapeutic results from the sessions; the other was a therapeutic failure. The comparisons are based on a set of objective measures as well as intensive clinical study of all tape-recorded therapy sessions. Results showed that the therapeutic outcome was a function of the patient's ability to become involved in a therapeutic relationship and to work productively within the framework proffered by the therapist. Equally important were countertransference reactions that seriously interfered with successful confrontation and resolution of the patient's negative transference.
TL;DR: Acecainide, unlike procainamide, is an agent whose pharmacokinetics allow long-term therapy on a practical schedule yet appears much less likely to induce the lupus syndrome seen with the parent compound.
Abstract: The antiarrhythmic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA), the major metabolite of procainamide, were investigated in 23 patients with chronic, high frequency ventricular ectopic depolarizations. An extensive trial design incorporated the approaches of (1) generation of dose-response relations, (2) randomized crossover, and (3) prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring. Seven patients with reproducible suppression of arrhythmias (70 percent or greater reduction in frequency) were thus identified. The mean plasma concentration of acecainide associated with efficacy was 14.3 /gm/ml (range 9.4 to 19.5) and with side effects (primarlly gastrointestinal) was 22.5 μg/ml (10.6 to 37.9). The antiarrhythmic response to procainamide did not predict response to acecainide; this finding implies that estimates of the antiarrhythmic contribution of acecainide concentrations achieved during long-term procainamide therapy are unlikely to be meaningful in a given person. The mean half-life of elimination after a single 500 mg dose of acecainide was 7.5 hours; this had prolonged significantly (p
TL;DR: It is postulate that several 1,2-dichloroethane activation pathways are operative which produce different adducts; the relative contribution of each pathway to total nonvolatile metabolites, mutagenic metabolites, and DNA and protein adductS under these in vitro assay conditions was estimated.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Analysis of psychiatrists' responses indicated that these psychiatrists regarded older patients as less ideal for their practices than younger patients with identical symptoms, and their treatment plans for them were less likely to emphasize psychotherapy.
Abstract: A group of 179 psychiatrists responded to a questionnaire requesting their opinions concerning four clinical vignettes. Analysis of their responses indicated that these psychiatrists, at a highly statistically significant level, regarded older patients as less ideal for their practices than younger patients with identical symptoms. The respondents viewed the older patients as having a poorer prognosis, and their treatment plans for them were less likely to emphasize psychotherapy. In general, there was a negative correlation between the age of the respondent psychiatrists and their estimate of the "idealness" of and favorable prognosis for older patients.
TL;DR: The hamster appears to be the least sensitive mammalian species to the lethal effect of TCDD that has yet been investigated.
TL;DR: Rigorous use of alarm systems and heparin monitoring could reduce the incidence of pump-related accidents, according to a surgery of 349 cardiac surgeons.
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that 80 percent of the variation in attendance at minor league baseball games for 27 teams over the 1973-77 seasons was explained by a pooled cross-section-time-series model with 86 observations.
Abstract: Overall our model explains 80 percent of the variation in attendance at minor league baseball games for 27 teams over the 1973–77 seasons. This is a remarkable proportion of the variance to be explained by a pooled cross-section-time-series model with 86 observations. Demmert's model explained 58 percent of the variation in per capita attendance in major league baseball over the 1951–69 period and Noll's model explained 69 percent of the variation in absolute attendance at major league baseball games during 1970–71. The F-ratio indicates that our overall model is statistically significant. Our empirical estimation of the demand for minor league baseball attendance supports the general hypotheses one derives from the theory of consumer demand. As expected, the quantity demanded is negatively related to price; the elasticity of demand is less than one. Per capita income has little effect on attendance, but the quality and excitement of play seem to be important to fans. Surprisingly, winning has no effect on attendance. Promotional efforts appear to be effective in generating attendance, but paid advertising seems to be wholly ineffective.
TL;DR: Results showed that the outcome of psychotherapy depends markedly on the patient's ability to form a productive working relationship with the therapist early in therapy, and deep-seated characterological problems, manifesting themselves particularly in negativism, hostility, and other resistances may give rise to insurmountable barriers resulting in negative therapeutic outcomes.
Abstract: • This is the second article in a series comparing two patients treated in time-limited individual psychotherapy by a professional therapist in the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Project. The patients were two young men suffering from anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. One of the patients was a success case, the other a therapeutic failure. In addition to a variety of change measures, all tape-recorded therapy sessions were subjected to intensive study. Results showed that the outcome of psychotherapy depends markedly on the patient's ability to form a productive working relationship with the therapist early in therapy. Conversely, deep-seated characterological problems, manifesting themselves particularly in negativism, hostility, and other resistances, may give rise to insurmountable barriers resulting in negative therapeutic outcomes. The therapist's attitudes toward the patient and technical skill obviously play a part, but they appear to be overshadowed by the foregoing patient variables.
TL;DR: Three normal females were studied during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle employing a continuous infusion of LHRH (1.4 micrograms/min) for 72 h, and studies demonstrate that continuous L HRH infusion in normal females causes pituitary and gonadal desensitization.
Abstract: Three normal females were studied during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle employing a continuous infusion of LHRH (1.4 µg/min) for 72 h. Blood samples were taken every 4 h. LH concentrations climbed from 9.3 mlU/ml basally to peak values of 129 mlU/ml at 12 h, then fell to a plateau between 23–31 mlU/ml from 36–72 h. FSH levels rose from 5.4 to 36 mlU/ml at 4 h of infusion and then returned to baseline. 17β-Estradiol increased from 48 to 184 pg/ml at 32 h, but subsequently fell toward basal concentrations. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone increased from 0.5 to 1.23 ng/ml at 12 h and remained elevated for the remainder of the infusion period. Serum progesterone levels remained constant. Three females with premature ovarian failure were studied, and the pattern of gonadotropin release was similar to that of normal subjects. Studies demonstrate that continuous LHRH infusion in normal females causes pituitary and gonadal desensitization. The desensitization of the pituitary is independent of gonadal ac...
TL;DR: A relative sparing of this pathway of biotransformation of drugs in subjects receiving cimetidine is demonstrated, since both drugs are eliminated exclusively after conjugation as glucuronide.
TL;DR: Analysis of error scores and multidimensional scaling procedures indicated that, although there were no significant differences among groups under functional instructions, all three groups differed from one another under euclidean instructions.
Abstract: Adventitiously blinded, congenitally blind, and sighted adults made relative distance judgments in a familiar environment under three sets of instructions—neutral with respect to the metric of comparison, euclidean (straight-line distance between landmarks), and functional (walking distance between landmarks). Analysis of error scores and multidimensional scaling procedures indicated that, although there were no significant differences among groups under functional instructions, all three groups differed from one another under euclidean instructions. Specifically, the sighted group performed best and the congenitally blind group worst, with the adventitiously blind group in between. The results are discussed in the context of the role of visual experience in spatial representation and the application of these methods for evaluating orientation and mobility training for the blind.
TL;DR: The apparent absence of TCDD metabolites in extracts of liver or adipose tissue indicates that the biotransformed products of T CDD are readily excreted in urine and bile.
TL;DR: Neither the half-hourly plasma concentrations nor the urinary excretion of IR hEGF/UG in two normal young subjects showed any apparent circadian periodicity, and there was no significant correlation (P > 0.1) between concentrations ofIR hEGf/UG and hGH during the 24/h study.
Abstract: Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF), a stimulator of the growth of a variety of tissues, appears to be identical to human β-urogastrone (hUG), an inhibitor of stimulated gastric acid secretion. Using immune affinity chromatography to extract hEGF from plasma, we have measure plasma concentrations of immunoreactive (IR) hEGF/UG. Plasma IR hEGF/UG extracted by immune affinity column was immunologically, biologically, and physicochemically indistinguishable from highly purified hEGF standard isolated from human urine. Concentrations of plasma IR hEGF/UG in normal males and females were 163.4 ± 13.7 and 138.5 ± 6.9 pg/ml (mean ± SE), respectively; there was no significant sex difference (P > 0.2). Neither the half-hourly plasma concentrations nor the urinary excretion of IR hEGF/UG in two normal young subjects showed any apparent circadian periodicity. There was no significant correlation (P > 0.1) between concentrations of IR hEGF/UG and hGH during the 24/h study. Concentrations of plasma IR hEGF/UG in preg...