Vanderbilt University

About: Vanderbilt University is a education organization based out in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 45066 authors who have published 106528 publications receiving 5435039 citations. The organization is also known as: Vandy.

Complement and Leukocyte-Mediated Pulmonary Dysfunction in Hemodialysis

Abstract: During hemodialysis, cardiopulmonary decompensation may appear in uremic patients, possibly caused by plugging of pulmonary vessels by leukocytes In 34 patients we noted leukopenia (20% of initial levels) during hemodialysis that in 15 was associated with impaired pulmonary function When we infused autologous plasma, incubated with dialyzer cellophane, into rabbits and sheep, sudden leukopenia and hypoxia occurred, with doubling of pulmonary-artery pressures and quintupling of pulmonary-lymph effluent Histologic examination showed severe pulmonary-vessel-leukostasis and interstitial edema The syndrome was prevented by preinactivation of complement but was reproduced by infusions of plasma in which complement was activated by zymosan Thus, acute pulmonary dysfunction from complement-mediated leukostasis may play a major part in the acute cardiopulmonary complications of cellophane-membrane hemodialysis

Responsiveness-to-Intervention: Definitions, Evidence, and Implications for the Learning Disabilities Construct.

Abstract: Longstanding concern about how learning disabilities (LD) are defined and identified, coupled with recent efforts in Washington, DC to eliminate IQ-achievement discrepancy as an LD marker, have led to serious public discussion about alternative identification methods. The most popular of the alternatives is responsiveness-to-intervention (RTI), of which there are two basic versions: the “problem-solving” model and the “standard-protocol” approach. The authors describe both types, review empirical evidence bearing on their effectiveness and feasibility, and conclude that more needs to be understood before RTI may be viewed as a valid means of identifying students with LD.

Parameter-free calculations of X-ray spectra with FEFF9

Abstract: We briefly review our implementation of the real-space Green's function (RSGF) approach for calculations of X-ray spectra, focusing on recently developed parameter free models for dominant many-body effects. Although the RSGF approach has been widely used both for near edge (XANES) and extended (EXAFS) ranges, previous implementations relied on semi-phenomenological methods, e.g., the plasmon-pole model for the self-energy, the final-state rule for screened core hole effects, and the correlated Debye model for vibrational damping. Here we describe how these approximations can be replaced by efficient ab initio models including a many-pole model of the self-energy, inelastic losses and multiple-electron excitations; a linear response approach for the core hole; and a Lanczos approach for Debye–Waller effects. We also discuss the implementation of these models and software improvements within the FEFF9 code, together with a number of examples.

The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders

Abstract: The Child Neurology Society and American Academy of Neurology recently proposed to formulate Practice Parameters for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Autism for their memberships. This endeavor was expanded to include representatives from nine professional organizations and four parent organizations, with liaisons from the National Institutes of Health. This document was written by this multidisciplinary Consensus Panel after systematic analysis of over 2,500 relevant scientific articles in the literature. The Panel concluded that appropriate diagnosis of autism requires a dual-level approach: (a) routine developmental surveillance, and (b) diagnosis and evaluation of autism. Specific detailed recommendations for each level have been established in this document, which are intended to improve the rate of early suspicion and diagnosis of, and therefore early intervention for, autism.