Varian Associates

About: Varian Associates is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Beam (structure) & Wafer. The organization has 2160 authors who have published 2591 publications receiving 46002 citations.

Method of making a transparent and electrically conductive bond

Abstract: Solar cells with different bandgaps are stacked to form a multijunction photovoltaic converter with a high conversion efficiency. By stacking the cells mechanically rather than by growing them all at one time, the most convenient combination of materials may be selected for the cells. The stacking is completed by means of a glass sealing layer with moats containing inter-cell contacts which are bonded to the cells.

The Optically Pumped Rubidium Vapor Frequency Standard

Abstract: Recent work on gas cell frequency standards has led to a clearer understanding of the capabilities of such systems. The physics of the quantum mechanical system allows the designer to start with a linewidth of approximately 1 part in 108 and with a signal-to-noise ratio, in a one-second noise bandwidth, in excess of 104. Carefully engineered systems have been demonstrated to have high stability with high reliability and small weight and volume. Frequency stability, which is the important quality of a standard, has been studied over a wide range of averaging and measurement times. A plot of standard deviation of frequency stability ? shows a broad minimum of ?= 2.5×10-12 for a run of 40 hours; a ?= 2×10-11 for a run of 15 minutes (? second averaging time); and ? = 4×10-11 for a run of 330 days.

Magnetic field shim coil structure utilizing laminated printed circuit sheets

Abstract: A plurality of separate electrical circuits, for example, electrical coils each formed by printed circuit techniques on a plurality of insulating sheets mounted together in laminated fashion. The terminals of each circuit are brought out to one edge of its mounting sheet at a location displaced from the position of the terminals of the other circuits in the laminated structure, recesses in the terminal edges of the upper sheets in the laminated stack exposing the terminals on the sheets below. Two separate sets of the laminated structure are employed, matching terminals being in alignment between the two sets for easy electrical interconnection.

High voltage DC power supply

Abstract: A DC power supply for a traveling wave tube having cathode, collector and helix electrodes responds to a DC power source and a high frequency switching source. A switch controlled by the switching source is opened and closed at a fixed frequency and variable duty cycle determined by the helix-cathode voltage. A flyback choke is connected to the switch and DC power supply so current flows between the power source via the choke to the switch and a series resonant circuit while the switch is closed. First and second capacitors in separate branch circuits of the resonant circuit are respectively connected to first and second AC to DC converter and voltage multiplier stacks; each multiplier in the stacks includes a pair of branches with oppositely poled plural signal switching diodes and a capacitor. The cathode and helix are respectively connected to output terminals of the first and second stacks, while the collector is connected to a terminal between the first and second stacks. The resonant circuit is connected with the switch, flyback choke and voltage multipliers so that while the switch is closed a half-wave rectified current waveform at the resonant circuit resonant frequency flows in the resonant circuit and a ramping current having a first polarity direction flows in the choke. A ramping current having a second plurality direction flows in the choke and resonant circuit while the switch is open.

Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Vacuum-packed, Pasteurized Flaked Imitation Crabmeat

Abstract: Various procedures were used to attempt to correlated spoilage of imitation crabmeat with sensory analysis after storage at 4 degrees C, 10 degrees C and 22 degrees C. Total volatile acids, total volatile bases, cadaverine, putrescine, histamine, aerobic plate count, and proteolytic count correlated well with product spoilage at 22 degrees C. Even though 22 degrees C is considered abusive, the only pathogenic organism isolated was Bacillus cereus. In contrast, at 4 degrees C and 10 degrees C, neither the chemical nor microbial indicators were adequate to assess quality of the product. Thus sensory analysis, despite its limitations, remained the only method currently available to assess product acceptability after prolonged storage at reduced temperatures.