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Showing papers by "Veterans Health Administration published in 1978"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The augmented separation loss following coronary vasodilation probably was due to dilation of the epicardial artery adjacent to the fixed stenotic segment which caused more severe relative percent narrowing and a larger divergence angle at the distal end of the stenosis, the primary geometric determinants of separation losses.
Abstract: The pressure-flow characteristics of 100 left circumflex stenoses in 10 chronically instrumented unsedated dogs were studied under resting conditions and during pharmacological coronary vasodilation. At rest, the pressure loss (deltaP) due to a stenosis and arterial flow velocity (V) were related by the equation, deltaP = FV + SV2, where F is the coefficient of pressure loss due to viscous friction in the stenotic segment and S is the coefficient of pressure loss due to flow separation at the diverging end of the stenosis. The linear term due to viscous friction accounted for 65% and the nonlinear term due to flow separation accounted for 35% of the total pressure loss at resting coronary flow. At peak coronary flow after coronary vasodilation, the pressure loss due to viscous friction accounted for 33% and pressure loss due to flow separation accounted for 67% of the total pressure loss. The pressure gradient-velocity relationship at high flows was characterized by the same general equation but with proportionately larger values of the coefficient S and therefore greater pressure loss associated with flow separation than predicted by the resting gradient-velocity relationship. The pressure loss predicted for high coronary flow velocities on the basis of the gradient-velocity equation at rest was only 64% of the actual experimentally observed pressure gradient at peak coronary flow. The augmented separation loss following coronary vasodilation probably was due to dilation of the epicardial artery adjacent to the fixed stenotic segment which caused more severe relative percent narrowing and a larger divergence angle at the distal end of the stenosis, the primary geometric determinants of separation losses.

354 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hepatitis B immune globulin remained significantly superior to ISG in preventing type B hepatitis even when the analysis was confined to these two high-risk subgroups.
Abstract: Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and immune serum globulin (ISG) were examined in a randomized, double-blind trial to assess their relative efficacies in preventing type B hepatitis after needle-stick exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG)-positive donors. Clinical hepatitis developed in 1.4% of HBIG and in 5.9% of ISG recipients (P = 0.016), and seroconversion (anti-HBs) occurred in 5.6% and 20.7% of them respectively (P less than 0.001). Mild and transient side-effects were noted in 3.0% of ISG and in 3.2% of HBIG recipients. Available donor sera were examined for DNA polymerase (DNAP) and e antigen and antibody (HBeAg; anti-HBE). Both DNAP and HBeAg showed a highly statistically significant correlation with the infectivity of HBsAg-positive donors. Hepatitis B immune globulin remained significantly superior to ISG in preventing type B hepatitis even when the analysis was confined to these two high-risk subgroups. The efficacy of ISG in preventing type B hepatitis cannot be ascertained because a true placebo group was not included.

286 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that neomycin-sorbitol and lactulose are equally effective in the treatment of acute nitrogenous portal-systemic encephalopathy.
Abstract: In a double-blind, randomized study the efficacy of lactulose was compared with neomycin-sorbitol in 45 episodes of acute nitrogenous portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) induced by dietary protein, azotemia, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage All patients had underlying cirrhosis, and at the time of randomization had encephalopathy of at least grade 2 severity and arterial ammonia concentrations greater than 150 microgram/100 ml Two thirds of the patients in each group returned to normal mental status and more than 80% in each group showed at least one grade improvement in mental state In addition, there was equivalent improvement in asterixis, in the performance of the Number Connection Test, in the electroencephalographic pattern, and in arterial ammonia concentration The principal difference between the two groups was a greater reduction in stool pH after lactulose therapy than after neomycin-sorbitol therapy One patient randomized to neomycin-sorbitol had to be withdrawn from the study because of persistent vomiting related to the administration of the medication Otherwise there were no complications attributable to therapy in either group These data suggest that neomycin-sorbitol and lactulose are equally effective in the treatment of acute nitrogenous portal-systemic encephalopathy

238 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Persistence of performance deficit in polydrug users raises the possibility that CNS depressants and opiates may have longer-term, slowly reversible, or even permanent effects on neuropsychological tests.
Abstract: • A controlled three-month prospective collaborative investigation involving eight National Institute on Drug Abusesupported polydrug units was carried out. Clinical review of test protocols assessed 37% of polydrug users, 26% of psychiatric patients, and 8% of nonpatients as impaired on the Halstead-Reitan Battery. Impairment in test performance was related to increasing age, educational deprivation, and premorbid medical factors in all groups, extensive use of CNS depressants and opiates among polydrug users, and extensive use of antipsychotic drugs in psychiatric patients. Both language-related and perceptuomotor neuropsychological test deficits were found in polydrug users, but only the latter in psychiatric patients. At three-month follow-up 34% of polydrug users, 27% of psychiatric patients, and 4% of nonpatients were impaired in these test performances. Recent drug-taking (polydrug group) and schizophrenia diagnosis (psychiatric patients) were additional correlates of test impairment. Persistence of performance deficit in polydrug users raises the possibility that CNS depressants and opiates may have longer-term, slowly reversible, or even permanent effects on neuropsychological tests. The same possibility exists for antipsychotic drugs. The link of these test deficits to other specific neuropsychological functions, to performance in life situations generally, or to specific brain dysfunction, as well as the basis for a lack of test impairments in the majority of polydrug subjects remain to be determined.

170 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observations suggest that both coliforms and anaerobes are important pathogens in intra-abdominal sepsis, although the different types of microbes appear to play distinctive roles in the sequence of pathological events.
Abstract: Intra-abdominal sepsis that involves multiple aerobic and anaerobic bacteria derived from the colonic flora was studied in Wistar rats to determine the relative roles of various microbial species. The rats challenged with pooled colonic contents showed a biphasic disease. Initially, there was acute peritonitis, Escherichia coli bacteremia, and high mortality. In rats that survived this acute peritonitis stage, intra-abdominal abscesses developed, and anaerobic bacteria were the preponderant organisms. Subsequent experiments showed that antibiotics directed against coliforms prevented mortality, whereas agents active against anaerobes reduced the incidence of abscesses. Challenges with Escherichia coli alone produced bacteremia and death, whereas pure cultures of Bacteroides fragilis caused intra-abdominal abscesses. These observations suggest that both coliforms and anaerobes are important pathogens in intra-abdominal sepsis, although the different types of microbes appear to play distinctive roles in the sequence of pathological events.

150 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1978-Diabetes
TL;DR: It is concluded that clonidine causes hyperglycemia and inhibits insulin secretion through an alpha-adrenergic mechanism and appears to selectively stimulate metabolic adrenergic pathways different from those operative in vasomotor regulation.
Abstract: Clonidine is an antihypertensive drug that markedly suppresses plasma catecholamine levels. In an attempt to investigate the effects of suppression of endogenous catecholamine secretion on glucose homeostasis and glucoregulatory hormones, we administered oral clonidine to 20 normal male subjects, two patients with transsections of the cervical spinal cord, and one patient with an insulinoma. Unexpectedly, after a single dose of 0.5 ing. given to normal subjects, insulin concentrations fell and plasma glucose rose 12 ± 1 mg./dl. (p We conclude that clonidine causes hyperglycemia and inhibits insulin secretion through an alpha-adrenergic mechanism. Since plasma catecholamine concentrations and vascular tone were markedly reduced by clonidine, this drug appears to selectively stimulate metabolic adrenergic pathways different from those operative in vasomotor regulation.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 1978-Diabetes
TL;DR: A curve describing a nonenzymatic saturable model was found to fit the data of the two groups combined, suggesting the possible existence of a saturable system for glycosylation in man.
Abstract: Concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) are elevated in diabetes mellitus and are believed to reflect previous metabolic control. To better define possible determinants of GHb in man, we investigated the relationship between GHb and both fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and basal insulin (IRI) in 42 normal subjects and 29 patients with maturity-onset diabetes. Concentrations of GHb in diabetic subjects (12.7 ± 3.4, x ± S.D., per cent total hemoglobin) were significantly higher than in normal subjects (8.2 ± 1.2, p

126 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data explain the dynamic variation in P-wave morphology in normal hearts and imply a relationship between the altered origin of atrial depolarization, atypical P waves, brady- or tachyarrhythmias, and heart rate control.
Abstract: In studies to ascertain the basis of dynamic changes in the P wave, bipolar epicardial potentials were recorded from multiple atrial electrodes in dogs. One hundred to 120 activation times were displayed by a digital computer and used to construct atrial isotemporal activation sequence maps. Changes in heart rate or beat-to-beat cycle length were induced by vagal stimulation or infusion of autonomic mediating drugs. Changes in cycle length were associated with dynamic changes in the atrial activation sequence and surface P-wave. A conspicuous finding was that epicardial atrial depolarization began at three widely separated locations. These three points were consistently present in all animals and were generally located at the 12, 3, and 6 o'clock positions of the superior vena cava-right atrial junction. The dynamic changes in P waves and atrial activation sequence which accompanied the changes in cycle length were due to sudden shifts in the point of earliest activity between the three early sites. Asymmetric atrial depolarization with more rapid conduction along the crista terminalis, superior interatrial band, and pectinate muscles was present in all dogs. Although the anisotropic atrial geometry played an important role in the asymmetric conduction, the widely distributed onset of activity contributed significantly to the uneven spread. The multiple points of origin of the atrial wavefront might be explained by either a trifocal, distributed pacemaker or the epicardial exits of three specialized pathways conducting an impulse emanating from a single focus. These data explain the dynamic variation in P-wave morphology in normal hearts and also imply a relationship between the altered origin of atrial depolarization, atypical P waves, brady- or tachyarrhythmias, and heart rate control.

120 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
13 Jul 1978-Nature
TL;DR: The mouse gene map based on sexual genetics has been expanded by analysis of interspecific somatic cell hybrids segregating mouse chromosomes, so that the genetic maps of man and mouse can be compared.
Abstract: WHILE genes on the X chromosome have been conserved during evolution1 little is known about the degree of conservation of autosomal synteny groups for species distantly related in evolution such as mouse and man. The mouse gene map based on sexual genetics2,3 has been expanded by analysis of interspecific somatic cell hybrids segregating mouse chromosomes, so that the genetic maps of man and mouse can be compared. The available information indicates that genes located on different arms of the same human chromosome are not syntenic in the mouse, and genes which are many map units apart (25–45 cM) in the mouse are unlikely to be syntenic in man4–6. In contrast, genes that are tightly linked (less than 1 cM apart) seem to remain syntenic during evolution5. In addition, in species closely related in evolution, such as mouse and rat,7 or man and non-human primates8, several homologous genes have been assigned to chromosomes that are apparently homologous by chromosome banding. Five genes in the mouse (Eno-1, Pgd, Pgm-2, Ak-2, Gpd-1) are syntenic9–11 and their human homologues have been assigned to human chromosome 1; all but the human homologue of Gpd-1 are regionally assigned to arm 1p (refs 4 and 12). This apparent conservation of a rather large autosomal synteny group prompted us to investigate the extent of conservation of other autosomal regions. The results have provided chromosomal assignments for seven gene loci in the mouse and evidence for synteny of four pairs of gene loci on four different human and mouse autosomes.

99 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
WB Wescott1, JG Mira1, EN Starcke1, I.L. Shannon, JI Thornby 
TL;DR: Flow rate decreased markedly during the initial 3 treatment days and gradually thereafter until a minimal flow rate was reached, and no return of secretory function was noted after extended periods of time.
Abstract: Sequential changes in flow rate of whole saliva are detailed in 13 patients. Samples were collected without exogneous stimulation during a course of fractionated radiotherapy involving major portions of the salivary glands. Flow rate decreased markedly during the initial 3 treatment days and gradually thereafter until a minimal flow rate was reached. Early in the treatment, variable degrees of recovery were seen on Mondays following a weekend (Friday-Sunday) without treatment. After a minimal flow rate was reached, no such recovery was observed. Radiation needed to produce minimal flow varied from 450 to 4,050 rad. Patients with higher initial flow rates required higher dosages to reach the minimum. No return of secretory function was noted after extended periods of time.

93 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three patients who developed interstitial pneumonia while receiving mitomycin therapy developed clinical features including dyspnea, cough, and occasionally fever; reticular infiltrates were seen on chest roentgenogram.
Abstract: Pulmonary disease has been associated with several chemotherapeutic agents but has not been reported in patients receiving the alkylating agent mitomycin (Mutamycin®). We describe here the...

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is concluded that toxin-producing clostridia are responsible for lethal enterocolitis due to a variety of antimicrobials in hamsters, and that Tetracycline and metronidazole were well tolerated, and the animals given these antimicroBials had no evidence of the toxin.
Abstract: Clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters was studied, using a tissue culture assay to detect clostridial toxin. It was found that animals with lethal enterocolitis had a cytopathogenic substance in cecal contents and blood that was neutralized by clostridial antitoxins. Cultures of the cecal flora yielded numerous species of clostridia, but only 1 organism was detected which produced a toxin which was cytopathic in tissue culture. This organism, Clostridium difficile, was consistently present in high concentrations, and the cell-free supernate of these strains caused enterocolitis if injected intracecally into hamsters. Ten additional antimicrobials were tested ih hamsters. Ampicillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, cephalosporins, and oral gentamicin caused lethal enterocolitis in most recipients, and all animals which died had evidence of clostridia toxin in cecal contents at necropsy. Tetracycline and metronidazole were well tolerated, and the animals given these antimicrobials had no evidence of the toxin. We conclude that toxin-producing clostridia are responsible for lethal enterocolitis due to a variety of antimicrobials in hamsters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the 2.1- and 4.9-GeV proton irradiation of C, Al, Ag, and U targets were measured at several angles to the beam for products ranging from He up to Ar for the heavier targets.
Abstract: Fragment energy spectra from the 2.1- and 4.9-GeV proton irradiation of C, Al, Ag, and U targets were measured at several angles to the beam for products ranging from He up to Ar for the heavier targets. The fragments were detected in a telescope consisting of a gas $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ counter and a silicon $E$ counter. The carbon target measurements are compared with previous data from projectile fragmentation studies. A Maxwellian type functional form which fits the energy spectra from all the targets is presented. The spectra were integrated to obtain values of the cross section as a function of atomic number.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The efficacy of antitoxin in preventing cytotoxicity in cultured cells preexposed to toxin decreased rapidly with preexposure time, and a practical diagnostic method for antibiotic-induced colitis is outlined.
Abstract: Neutralization of Clostridium difficile toxin by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin was studied by cytotoxicity assay in tissue culture. The sources of toxin were stools from two patients with pseudomembranous colitis and a culture filtrate of C. difficile isolated from one of the patients. C. sordellii antitoxin was available either in monovalent form or as gas gangrene polyvalent antitoxin. The potency of antitoxins against C. difficile determined by cytotoxicity assay did not correlate with the established values reported for mouse protection tests against C. sordellii toxin. An equivalent zone of optimal neutralization was demonstrated for stool toxin, and a slightly different one for culture toxin. The rate of neutralization appeared to be instantaneous, either at 24 or at 37 degrees C. The efficacy of antitoxin in preventing cytotoxicity in cultured cells preexposed to toxin decreased rapidly with preexposure time. The union between toxin and antitoxin could be readily dissociated by simple dilution or by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dissociated by simple dilution or by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dilution. Continued incubation of toxin-antitoxin mixture did not increase the firmness of the union; on the contrary, more dissociation occurred. The unusual looseness of the toxin-antitoxin union is probably relatd to lack of serological specificity or affinity. Based on these observations, a practical diagnostic method for antibiotic-induced colitis is outlined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Brain enkephalins do not appear to be derived from pituitary endorphins and were measured by radioimmunoassay in 16 brain regions removed by microdissection in intact rats.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Because of the high risk of the occurrence of a second primary tumor in the long-term survivors, frequent and life-long observation is indicated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Arterial reconstructions were performed for chronic upper extremity ischemia in 43 patients, aged 31 to 81 years, and autogenous saphenous and basilic interposition vein grafts have proved excellent for axillary-brachial revascularizations.
Abstract: • Forty-eight arterial reconstructions were performed for chronic upper extremity ischemia in 43 patients, aged 31 to 81 years. Diagnostic arterial catheterization was the most frequent cause of symptomatic occlusion, followed by proximal arteriosclerotic lesions and noniatrogenic trauma. Doppler ultrasound evaluation provided important diagnostic and prognostic data that complemented information derived from arteriography. Indications for operation included disabling claudication (39 cases) or digital gangrene (four cases). Restoration of normal extremity function can be anticipated except in instances where poor forearm runoff exists. Autogenous saphenous and basilic interposition vein grafts have proved excellent for axillary-brachial revascularizations. Axillary-axillary bypass procedures for innominate-subclavian artery occlusions appear hemodynamically sound and technically simple. Follow-up, averaging 48 months, extended to 144 months. Late vein graft failure or progressive distal occlusive disease was not encountered. (Arch Surg113:419-423, 1978)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Propranolol has an insignificant effect on both anterograde and retrograde anomalous pathway properties and inhibits induction of sustained paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia by increasing A-V nodal refractoriness.
Abstract: Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous propranolol, 0.1 mg/kg, were evaluated in 18 patients with anomalous pathways utilizing intracardiac stimulation and recording. Fourteen patients had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and four had concealed ventricular preexcitation. Anomalous pathway effective refractory period could be measured during the control period and after propranolol administration in nine patients and was 304 ± 7.5 (mean ± standard error of the mean) and 304 ± 8.3 msec, respectively (difference not significant). Ventricular paced 1:1 ventriculoatrial (V-A) conduction (reflecting retrograde anomalous pathway conduction) measured in 12 patients was intact during both the control period and after propranolol at rates of 170 to 200/min. Sustained paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was induced in 14 patients during the control period and in 10 after propranolol (in 4 of whom the tachycardia could not be sustained because of atrioventricular [A-V] nodal refractoriness). Mean cycle length of tachycardia in these 10 patients was 328 ± 18 (control) and 352 ± 19 msec (propranolol) ( P In conclusion: (1) Propranolol has an insignificant effect on both anterograde and retrograde anomalous pathway properties. (2) In most cases, propranolol does not interfere with induction of sustained circus movement tachycardia. However, it does produce a statistically significant but slight slowing of the rate of tachycardia. (3) In a minority of cases, propranolol inhibits induction of sustained paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia by increasing A-V nodal refractoriness.

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jul 1978-Nature
TL;DR: The replication patterns of ecotropic and amphotropic strains were correlated with the ability of hamster x mouse hybrid clones to bind gp71 of Rauscher leukaemia virus (RLV), an ecotropic strain of MuLV.
Abstract: INFECTION of cells with murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) strains involves an initial interaction between the major viral glycoprotein (gp71) and specific cell surface receptors1. Virus adsorption and penetration occur only in cells having specific receptors2. Other cellular factors such as virogene integration sites may also be required for productive infections. There are three major classes of MuLV: ecotropic viruses which replicate preferentially in murine cells; xenotropic viruses which do not replicate in mouse cells but can replicate in cells from other species; and amphotropic viruses which replicate in mouse cells as well as in ells from other species. None of the three classes of virus infect hamster cells3,4. Previous studies with hamster × mouse somatic cell hybrid clones segregating mouse chromosomes showed that replication of ecotropic and amphotropic viruses required a cell function(s) coded by genes assigned to mouse chromosomes 5 and 8, respectively3. However, the function(s) of these genes was not determined. The third class of MuLV, the xenotropic viruses, could not be tested in this system since both parent cells were resistant5. In the present study, the replication patterns of ecotropic and amphotropic strains were correlated with the ability of hamster x mouse hybrid clones to bind gp71 of Rauscher leukaemia virus (RLV), an ecotropic strain of MuLV. By comparing the mouse chromosome segregation patterns of hybrid clones which retained the gp71 binding ability with those clones which had lost it, we have been able to assign the gene(s) coding for RLV cell surface receptor to mouse chromosome 5.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study employs immunoaffnity chromatography using immobilized antibodies directed against different regions of the somatostatin molecule and pulse-chase incubation experiments to characterize the SLI present in extracts of canine pancreas with respect to molecular size, charge and immunometric properties.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of dipyridamole on myocardial-to-background ratio (M/Bk) and tissue uptake of thallium-201 was investigated.
Abstract: Four cardioactive drugs were studied to determine their effect on the thallium-201 myocardial image. Four unanesthetized dogs were imaged weekly for 14 wk following the administration of dipyridamole, digoxin, furosemide, or propranolol. The myocardial-to-background ratio (M/Bk) was used to define the effects of the drugs on the Tl-201 image. Under control conditions, the M/Bk was 1.99 ± 0.15, which is similar to that in humans. Dipyridamole (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) increased M/Bk to 2.65 ± 0.5. Digoxin, propranolol, and furosemide produced no significant changes in M/Bk. The relationship between (a) M/Bk derived from external imaging and (b) tissue uptake of Tl-201 was then tested in 12 dogs. Tl-201 concentration (% uptake/gm of tissue) in the heart was significantly elevated after dipyridamole administration as compared with control. Left-ventricular Tl-201 concentration increased 60% (p The effect of dipyridamole on M/Bk and tissue uptake of Tl-201 suggests that regional perfusion abnormalities may be detected by imaging following coronary vasodilator administration as an alternative to exercise stress. The propranolol data suggest that beta-blockers will have little effect on the resting Tl-201 image.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vivo studies in a standardized dog model of acute gastric ulcer bleeding demonstrated a significant reduction in bleeding time by spraying thrombin and cryoprecipitate directly to a focal bleeding site.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This patient represents a rare case of autonomic epilepsy with the seizure focus in the temporal lobe and an epileptic pathogenesis was suggested by stereotypic olfactory and epigastric prodromata before spells, and abolition of paroxysms with the anticonvulsant carbamazepine.
Abstract: We studied a 59-year-old man with transient paroxysms of hypertension, tachycardia, and flushing in whom pheochromocytoma was excluded. Although catecholamine excretion was normal, plasma ...

Journal Article
TL;DR: The results suggest that futile formation of the sulfonazo III anion free radical mediates oxygen reduction to O2- and NADPH oxidation, and that NADPH is not being oxidized by a superoxide-NADPH chain reaction.
Abstract: Microsomal azo reduction of the diazonaphthol dye sulfonazo III is strongly inhibited by oxygen. The sulfonazo III anion radical metabolite, which is apparently the first intermediate of azoreductase activity, appears to react with oxygen in aerobic microsomal incubations. Even though the sulfonazo III is unchanged in aerobic NADPH-supplemented microsomal incubations, oxygen consumption increases 10-fold to 122 nmoles/min/mg of protein. This stimulated oxygen consumption is partially reversed by either superoxide dismutase or catalase. Concomitant with the increase in oxygen uptake is a 9-fold increase in the rate of superoxide formation. The oxidation of NADPH is also greatly increased by sulfonazo III, but is not influenced by superoxide dismutase or catalase. These results suggest that futile formation of the sulfonazo III anion free radical mediates oxygen reduction to O2- and NADPH oxidation, and that NADPH is not being oxidized by a superoxide-NADPH chain reaction.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The data indicate that human granulocytes at a relatively low effector:target cell ratio (10:1) have the capacity to recognize and destroy human tumor cells in vitro.
Abstract: Human peripheral blood granulocytes at a 10:1 effector cell:target cell ratio were shown by an in vitro semiquantitative staining procedure to reduce the number of human tumor cells, but not that of normal cells. Microscopic observations revealed that this selective reduction of tumor cells by granulocytes was a function of both detachment and cytolysis. The cytotoxic effect of granulocytes on the tumor cells was confirmed by a quantitative 5-[125I]lodo-2-deoxyuridine release assay. The data indicate that human granulocytes at a relatively low effector:target cell ratio (10:1) have the capacity to recognize and destroy human tumor cells in vitro .

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the relationship between gallbladder emptying rate and small bowel transit time to bile acid metabolism using ICG as a marker of contents of the gall bladder.

Journal Article
TL;DR: RBC membrane polypeptide aggregates have been quantitated by PAGE SDS and by gel filtration and may represent an early and sensitive indicator of oxidative damage to red cells.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The addition of procaine or potassium results in increased functional recovery at extended ischemic times at 50C, more rapid arrest, and better electrical recovery in cold cardioplegia.
Abstract: Separate effects of perfusion hypothermia, potassium arrest, and procaine arrest were studied in 150 hearts using the isolated rat heart preparation. Aortic flow rate (AFR), coronary flow rate (CFR), and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after ischemic periods of 90 to 300 min. Prior to the ischemic period, the aortic root was infused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB), buffer with 30 mEq KCl/L (KHB + K), or buffer with 0.2% procaine (KHB + P), at 15 degrees or 5 degrees C. During the ischemic period the hearts were maintained at 15 degrees or 5 degrees C in a hypothermic chamber. The three solutions had similar recoveries of AFR at 15 degrees and 5 degrees C following ischemic periods of 90, 180, and 240 min. The KHB + K and KHB + P had better recoveries of AFR than KHB at 5 degrees C and 300 min of ischemia. The KHB + K and KHB + P also caused more rapid arrest and a higher incidence of spontaneous recovery of sinus rhythm. Arrest at 5 degrees C was equal to or superior to arrest at 15 degrees C. Perfusion hypothermia is the main component of cold cardioplegia. The addition of procaine or potassium results in increased functional recovery at extended ischemic times at 5 degrees C, more rapid arrest, and better electrical recovery.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No relationship was found between the CSF IgM level and length or severity of the MS, relapses, or steroid therapy, and attempts to identify the IgM as being anti-measles were unsuccessful.
Abstract: C S F IgM levels have been measured by radioimmunoassay in 56 patients with MS, 62 patients with other neurologic diseases, and 31 normal controls. Forty-eight percent of the patients with MS had a raised CSF IgM level compared with 5 percent of the patients with other diseases. The IgM level did not correlate with the IgG level. Forty percent of the MS patients with normal IgG levels had high IgM levels. No relationship was found between the CSF IgM level and length or severity of the MS, relapses, or steroid therapy. Attempts to identify the IgM as being anti-measles were unsuccessful.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1978-Medicine
TL;DR: The cases discussed demonstrate the utilization of these methods to define the etiology and to understand the pathophysiology in hypokalemia.