Vienna University of Technology

About: Vienna University of Technology is a education organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Cloud computing. The organization has 16723 authors who have published 49341 publications receiving 1302168 citations.

Cluster-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials.

Abstract: Clusters as building blocks have been used for two types of inorganic–organic hybrid materials. The first are hybrid polymers, with polymer-like properties and structures, where the cluster units crosslink the polymer chains. They are prepared by co-polymerization of organic monomers with functional ligands attached to the clusters. The second type is crystalline metal–organic framework structures which are obtained by coordination chemistry approaches, i.e. by coordinating multifunctional organic ligands to cluster units. This tutorial review shows that both types of cluster-based materials are limiting cases with many options for varying both the cluster units as well as the connecting organic entities.

Large-sample hydrology: a need to balance depth with breadth

Abstract: A holy grail of hydrology is to understand catchment processes well enough that models can provide detailed simulations across a variety of hydrologic settings at multiple spatiotemporal scales, and under changing environmental conditions. Clearly, this cannot be achieved only through intensive place-based investigation at a small number of heavily instrumented catchments, or by empirical methods that do not fully exploit our understanding of hydrology. In this opinion paper, we discuss the need to actively promote and pursue the use of a "large catchment sample" approach to modeling the rainfall–runoff process, thereby balancing depth with breadth. We examine the history of such investigations, discuss the benefits (improved process understanding resulting in robustness of prediction at ungauged locations and under change), examine some practical challenges to implementation and, finally, provide perspectives on issues that need to be taken into account as we move forward. Ultimately, our objective is to provoke further discussion and participation, and to promote a potentially important theme for the upcoming Scientific Decade of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences entitled Panta Rhei.