Showing papers by "Virginia Commonwealth University published in 1983"
TL;DR: The 1982 Interpersonal Circle as discussed by the authors is a comprehensive taxonomy of the domain of two-dimensional interpersonal behavior, which integrates and expands the content of four major adult interpersonal measures (LaForge & Suczek's Interpersonal Check List, Wiggins' Interpersonal Adjective Scales, Lorr & McNair's InterPersonal Behavior Inventory, and Kiesler et al.'s Impact Message Inventory) to provide a circle taxonomy consisting of 16 segments, 128 subclasses, 2 levels and 350 bipolar items.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to integrate previous theory and research addressing interpersonal complementarity, a construct that is central to refined and extended research and clinical applications of interpersonal theory. The article first describes the 1982 Interpersonal Circle, which the author constructed as a comprehensive taxonomy of the domain of two-dimensional interpersonal behavior. The 1982 Circle integrates and expands the content of four major adult interpersonal measures (LaForge & Suczek's Interpersonal Check List, Wiggins's Interpersonal Adjective Scales, Lorr & McNair's Interpersonal Behavior Inventory, and Kiesler et al.'s Impact Message Inventory) to provide a circle taxonomy consisting of 16 segments, 128 subclasses, 2 levels, and 350 bipolar items. Second, the article reviews previous conceptions of interpersonal complementarity and, using the 1982 Circle as a theoretical and operational guide, derives 11 propositions of complementarity as they apply in personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy.
1,176 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The Gender-Intensification Hypothesis is considered, some new points of departure for research related to it and to the study of gender-differential socialization during adolescence in general are suggested.
Abstract: It has been argued that there is an acceleration of gender-differential socialization during adolescence, perhaps at the onset of puberty or shortly after, and perhaps especially for girls. New domains may become the object of gender-differential socialization pressure and demands for conformity may increase in domains previously subject to such pressure. We shall refer to this argument as the Gender-Intensification Hypothesis. The hypothesis frequently is invoked to explain observed behavioral differences between adolescent boys and girls. Here we shall review information bearing upon the hypothesis and suggest some new points of departure for research related to it and to the study of gender-differential socialization during adolescence in general. We begin by considering some forms in which the hypothesis appears and then turn to our review and to its implications.
979 citations
TL;DR: An alternative explanation is offered for the effect of mannitol on ICP, the time course of ICP changes, "rebound effect," and the absence of influence on CBF, all with one mechanism.
Abstract: There is no proof that osmotic agents such as mannitol lower intracranial pressure (ICP) by decreasing brain water content. An alternative mechanism might be a reduction in cerebral blood volume through vasoconstriction. Mannitol, by decreasing blood viscosity, would tend to enhance cerebral blood flow (CBF), but the cerebral vessels would constrict to keep CBF relatively constant, analogous to pressure autoregulation. The cranial window technique was used in this study to measure the pial arteriolar diameter in cats, together with blood viscosity and ICP changes after an intravenous bolus of 1 gm/kg of mannitol. Blood viscosity decreased immediately; the greatest decrease (23%) occurred at 10 minutes, and at 75 minutes there was a "rebound" increase of 10%. Vessel diameters decreased concomitantly, the largest decrease being 12% at 10 minutes, which is exactly the same as the 12% decrease in diameter associated with pronounced hyperventilation (PaCO2 30 to 19 mm Hg) in the same vessels; at 75 minutes vessel diameter increased by 12%. With hyperventilation, ICP was decreased by 26%; 10 minutes after mannitol was given, ICP decreased by 28%, and at 75 minutes it showed a rebound increase of 40%. The correlation between blood viscosity and vessel diameter and between vessel diameter and ICP was very high. An alternative explanation is offered for the effect of mannitol on ICP, the time course of ICP changes, "rebound effect," and the absence of influence on CBF, all with one mechanism.
365 citations
TL;DR: A novel plasmid vector that is able to replicate both in Escherichia coli and in Streptococcus sanguis is described and the utility of such a plasmids for cloning and selecting sequences enabling autonomous replication in S. sanguIS is demonstrated.
234 citations
TL;DR: The findings of this study support the hypothesis of previous investigators that ventricular enlargement is present early in the course of schizophrenia.
Abstract: Recent research has demonstrated statistically significant differences between the ventricular-brain ratios (VBRs) of schizophrenic patients and control subjects. In this study the VBRs of teenage schizophrenic/schizophreniform patients (N = 15) and borderline patients (N = 8) were measured and compared with those of controls of similar ages (N = 18). The schizophrenic group had significantly larger ventricles than the other two groups (p less than .0001). These findings support the hypothesis of previous investigators that ventricular enlargement is present early in the course of schizophrenia.
177 citations
TL;DR: Methotrexate offered better protection against systemic relapse in standard-risk patients and better Protection against testicular relapse overall, but it offered less protection against relapses in the central nervous system than cranial irradiation.
Abstract: We compared two regimens with respect to their ability to prolong disease-free survival in 506 children and adolescents with acute lymphocytic leukemia. All responders to induction therapy were randomized to treatment with 2400 rad of cranial irradiation plus intrathecal methotrexate or to treatment with intermediate-dose methotrexate plus intrathecal methotrexate, as prophylaxis for involvement of the central nervous system and other "sanctuary" areas. Patients were then treated with a standard maintenance regimen. Complete responders were stratified into either standard-risk or increased-risk groups on the basis of age and white-cell count at presentation. Among patients with standard risk, hematologic relapses occurred in 9 of 117 given methotrexate and 24 of 120 given irradiation (P<0.01). The rate of Central-nervous-system relapse was higher in the methotrexate group (23 of 117) than in the irradiation group (8 of 120) (P = 0.01). Among patients with increased risk, radiation offered greater...
170 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined teachers' verbal and nonverbal behaviors in the natural classroom setting to assess differences based on sex of child, race of child and race of teacher in an urban public elementary school system.
Abstract: Teachers’ verbal and nonverbal behaviors were examined in the natural classroom setting to assess differences based on sex of child, race of child, and race of teacher. The subjects were 16 (8 black and 8 white) female first grade teachers in an urban public elementary school system. All teachers’ classrooms contained students of both races with at least a 1 to 3 ratio of one race to the other. Trained observers recorded verbal and nonverbal behavior for each instance of teacher behavior directed toward individual children in each classroom. The results indicated that white teachers directed more verbal praise and criticism and nonverbal praise toward males and more nonverbal criticism toward black males.
153 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the potential hazardousness of clinical light sources is presented, in addition to a review of retinal damage mechanisms, and suggestions for pertinent patient counseling.
141 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a local interaction model of the systematic variations with concentration of the atomic moments and hyperfine fields in Fe3Si and its 3D transition metal ternary alloys is presented.
136 citations
TL;DR: A mismatch between sound production and hearing in the oyster toad fish, Opsanus tau L., suggests the hypothesis that toadfish communicate over short distances.
131 citations
TL;DR: An outbreak of nosocomial infections was caused by a single strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which was followed as it was transmitted from the index case to 17 patients, 3 hospital personnel, and 12 items in the hospital environment.
Abstract: An outbreak of nosocomial infections was caused by a single strain of methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus. This strain was followed as it was transmitted from the index case to 17 patients, 3 hospital personnel, and 12 items in the hospital environment. The MR S. aureus strain was traced by using four specific epidemiological markers: antibiogram, phage type, production of aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, and plasmid pattern. These markers were assessed for their reliability in differentiating the epidemic S. aureus strain from resident nonepidemic strains and for the ease and rapidity with which they determined differences. The epidemic strain was resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and rifampin. Resistance to rifampin was the only unique marker in the antibiogram which distinguished the epidemic strain from the indigenous strains, and it was the easiest marker to use for screening isolates from culture surveys. Phage typing was poorly reproducible and did not yield results rapidly enough to be useful for ongoing epidemiology. The epidemic strain produced a unique aminoglycoside-inactivating enzyme (39-phosphotransferase) which distinguished it from indigenous gentamicin-resistant staphylococci, but this marker was not easily identified, nor was identification helpful during the course of the investigation. Plasmid pattern analysis was rapidly performed (in less than 24 h), allowed many isolates to be examined at a time, was stable and reproducible, and yielded a unique fingerprint which distinguished the epidemic strain from all indigenous isolates. Plasmid pattern analysis is a promising epidemiological tool for MR S. aureus outbreaks in which epidemic strains lack unique antibiotic resistance markers. Images
TL;DR: The most important determinant of adjustment during surgery was the congruence between specificity of information received and individual differences in preference for information as measured by the Information subscale of the Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Forty patients scheduled for dental extraction surgery were given either specific or general preparatory information, and this information was presented in either a personalized or relatively impersonal fashion using nonverbal cues Changes in state anxiety over the course of the experiment were accounted for by individual differences in the Dental Anxiety Scale The most important determinant of adjustment during surgery was the congruence between specificity of information received and individual differences in preference for information as measured by the Information subscale of the Krantz Health Opinion Survey (KHOS; Krantz, Baum, & Wideman, 1980) Findings with the KHOS and the Dental Anxiety Scale are examples of the growing importance of situation-specific personality-trait measures The finding that high levels of presurgery anxiety are associated with poor adjustment is discussed in terms of Janis's (1958) model Patients' perceptions of information-giver hostility and dominance were also significantly (inversely) related to adjustment; the differential impact of informational versus interpersonal variables is discussed in terms of moderating characteristics of health care settings
TL;DR: Monitoring of ventricular function by central venous and pulmonary wedge pressures was compared with ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume in patients resuscitated from hypovolemic and septic shock and a significant negative correlation was seen between RVEF and pulmonary vascular resistance.
Abstract: Monitoring of ventricular function by central venous (CVP) and pulmonary wedge pressures (PCW) was compared with ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume (gated pool scan) in patients resuscitated from hypovolemic and septic shock. Sixteen patients were studied within 24 hours of resuscitation and all showed depressed right ventricular ejection (RVEF) and/or an increased end-diastolic volume (RVEDVI). Group I (eight patients, hypovolemia and sepsis) had low RVEF (mean, 0.30), high RVEDVI (mean 129.2 ml/m2), and nearly normal left ventricular function (LVEF 0.63 and LVEDVI 63.6 ml/m2), compared to angiographic normals (RVEF 0.52, RVEDVI 55.8 ml/m2; nL LVEF 0.59, LVEDVI 52.3 ml/m2). Group II (3 patients, all septic) had better RVEF (mean, 0.54) but high RVEDVI (mean, 121.1 ml/m2) with normal LVEF (mean, 0.67) and high LVEDVI (mean LVEDVI 107.2 ml/m2). Group III consisted of five patients (hypovolemia and sepsis) who had biventricular depression (RVEF 0.25 and LVEF 0.29) and elevated EDVI. The mortality rate for group I (25%) was significantly less than for groups II and III (100% and 80%, respectively), and could be correlated with failure to improve RV function. Follow-up studies in ten patients showed improvement in seven which correlated with increased RVEF and reduced RVEDVI. Comparing survivors to non-survivors showed no predictability on the basis of initial studies but a significantly larger RVEDVI and RV stroke work index in non-survivors' follow-up studies. No correlation could be made with left ventricular performance, and there were no correlations between PCWP and LVEDVI or CVP and RVEDVI. A significant negative correlation was seen between RVEF and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = -0.34, p less than 0.05). Both LVEDVI and RVEDVI were correlated significantly with cardiac index and with each other. RV dysfunction occurs after resuscitation of hypovolemia and sepsis without reliable alteration in filling pressure and is likely related to myocardial ischemia as well as increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Survival seems to depend on improvement in RV performance, which can be measured at the bedside by cardiac scintigraphy.
TL;DR: Large numbers of HRP‐labelled neurons were seen in the frontal cortex, dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, zona incerta, nucleus parafascicularis prerubralis (NPfPr), pretectum, dorsal and lateral periaqueductal gray, nucleus cuneiformis (NC), deep superior col‐liculus (dSC), a paraoculomotor cell group, and spinal trigeminal nucleus.
Abstract: Afferents of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) were retrogradely labelled by using a transcannula HRP gel technique in conjunction with tetramethylbenzidine neurohistochemistry to determine the sources of inputs to the nucleus which could potentially influence the descending antiociceptive raphe-spinal system. Large numbers of HRP-labelled neurons were seen in the frontal cortex, dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, zona incerta, nucleus parafascicularis prerubralis (NPfPr), pretectum, dorsal and lateral periaqueductal gray, nucleus cuneiformis (NC), deep superior colliculus (dSC), a paraoculomotor cell group which may be the medial accessory nucleus of Bechterew, dorsal column nuclei, and spinal trigeminal nucleus. Smaller numbers of labelled cells were also observed in the preoptic area, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, ventral peri(third)ventricular gray, nucleus reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis, medial and lateral vestibular nuclei, and a subdivision of the hypoglossal nucleus. Confirmational anterograde autoradiographic studies were performed by injecting tritiated leucine into two of the principal sources of afferents to NRM: NPfPr, and dSC/NC. The results are compared with control HRP gel implants in the inferior olive, spinal cord, nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis, and medial facial nucleus. Comments are also made concerning the parcellation of the ventromedial medulla and the possible role of both NRM and its afferents in central analgesic mechanisms.
TL;DR: The molecular connectivity valence delta-values have been defined in terms of the count of nonhydrogen valence electrons on a valence-state atom as screened from the nucleus by the core electrons, and it is found that a second variable, the number of alpha hydrogen atoms, greatly increases the quality of the correlation.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The data suggest that the toxic effects of methotrexate on intestinal cells may be related primarily to the action of the monoglutamate, while toxic effects on tumor cells are related to the buildup and persistence of the polyglutamate forms.
Abstract: The synthesis and retention of methotrexate polyglutamate derivatives were evaluated in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell and the intestinal mucosa in vivo . When tumor-bearing mice received injections of methotrexate (12 mg/kg), polyglutamate derivatives accumulated within the tumor cells as long as intracellular methotrexate was above the dihydrofolate reductase-binding capacity, the metabolites themselves reaching concentrations in excess of this level. Methotrexate attained maximum intracellular concentration in tumor cells within 1 hr but rapidly declined to below the enzyme-binding capacity in less than 5 hr. Methotrexate polyglutamates, however, remained above the binding capacity even after 24 hr. One hr after administration, the majority of tumor cell dihydrofolate reductase was associated with methotrexate; however, as polyglutamate levels increased and free methotrexate declined, these derivatives replaced bound methotrexate on the enzyme so that, within 24 hr, over 80% of the enzyme was associated with methotrexate polyglutamates. Although intestinal mucosa cells attained intracellular levels of methotrexate comparable to that of the tumor, relatively little accumulation of polyglutamates was detected; in contrast to the tumor, total antifolate levels within these cells were minimal 8 hr after injection. Thus, the large difference in the rate of decline of total cell antifolate between these tissues was due to the accumulation and retention of methotrexate polyglutamates in the tumor. The rate of decline of the monoglutamate was identical in intestinal and tumor cells, which also paralleled the decline in the plasma methotrexate level. The data suggest that the toxic effects of methotrexate on intestinal cells may be related primarily to the action of the monoglutamate, while toxic effects on tumor cells are related to the buildup and persistence of the polyglutamate forms. A computer model used to simulate in vivo pharmacokinetics, transport, and metabolism of methotrexate predicted that the rates of decline of free intracellular methotrexate within cells having different membrane transport parameters for this agent would be identical with one another and would indeed parallel the decline in plasma methotrexate. Hence, shortly after administration of drug, intracellular and extracellular free methotrexate is always at steady state, because the rates of transport across the cell membrane are far greater than the rates of decline of plasma methotrexate. The simulations further showed that, although the membrane transport parameters do not affect the rate of decline of intracellular monoglutamate or polyglutamates in vivo , they do govern the absolute levels of intracellular drug achieved which, in turn, influences the extent of synthesis of methotrexate polyglutamates and the duration over which critical levels are sustained within the cell. Hence, differences in the decline of total cell antifolate observed among different tumor lines with different transport properties for methotrexate must be due to differences in the net rate of decline of the polyglutamate derivatives.
TL;DR: GIK pretreatment exerts a protective effect on the excitation-contraction coupling system during hypothermic global ischemia and reperfusion and is hypothesized that an additional mechanism by which GIK may protect subcellular function is by serving as a scavenger of free radicals generated during the ischemic/reperfusion process.
Abstract: Summary Glucose, insulin, potassium (GIK: 300 g glucose + 50 U insulin + 80 mEq KCl/L) was administered to anesthetized dogs as a 30-ml bolus followed by 1.5 ml/kg/h for 2 h. Five populations were studied: control (C, n = 6); 60 min hypothermic arrest both without (I, n = 6) and with pretreatment (I + GIK, n = 6); 60 min hypothermic arrest followed by reperfusion without (R, n = 6) and with pretreatment (R + GIK, n = 6). Glycogen content declined during the ischemic and reperfusion periods whether or not GIK pretreatment was utilized. Glycogen values did not differ significantly among the four groups. GIK pretreatment significantly protected sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium uptake rates. SR Ca2+ + Mg2+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity was unaffected in the I group, depressed in the R group, but protected by GIK pretreatment. Myofibrillar pCa-ATPase activity was significantly depressed in the I group and unaffected by GIK pretreatment. In the R + GIK group, myofibrillar pCa-ATPase activity was identical to controls at all calcium concentrations except for Vmax. In vitro, generation of the superoxide anion by a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system at pH 7.0 significantly depressed both SR calcium uptake and ATPase activity, and this depression was partially reversible by glucose. Generation of the hydroxyl free radical and pH 6.4 significantly depressed calcium uptake but not ATPase activity, and this depression was reversible with glucose + superoxide dismutase. GIK pretreatment exerts a protective effect on the excitation-contraction coupling system during hypothermic global ischemia and reperfusion. Glycogen augmentation after short-term GIK infusion was not significantly different. It is hypothesized that an additional mechanism by which GIK may protect subcellular function is by serving as a scavenger of free radicals generated during the ischemic/reperfusion process.
TL;DR: Findings show that a significantly large number of physician visits may be generated in response to the psychological needs of disabled elderly, and there is a strong complementary relationship between physician visits and use of social services.
Abstract: In order to facilitate program planning for the chronically ill, it is essential to understand their propensity to use health and social services. This study has systematically examined the use of ambulatory services among the noninstitutionalized elderly (N = 772) who reported with one or more activity-limiting chronic conditions in a statewide survey of older Virginians in 1979. The determinants of differential use of physician services are investigated. The independent variables included in the analysis are: (1) personal attributes that may predispose individuals to seek care; (2) need for care factors as evidenced by the number of health disorders, physical functioning limitations, and perceived health; and (3) enabling factors such as income, insurance status, regular source of care, perceived service needs, and transportation barriers. Findings show that a significantly large number of physician visits may be generated in response to the psychological needs of disabled elderly. The eighteen predicto...
TL;DR: This article found that religious clients are less likely to benefit from counseling (more dropouts, less beneficial change) than non-religious clients and that successful counseling is more likely to help religious clients.
Abstract: Research findings suggest that (a) “religious” clients are less likely to benefit from counseling (more dropouts, less beneficial change) than “nonreligious” clients and (b) successful counseling u...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Eight infants with intractable respiratory failure were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and five of the six survivors were normal neurologically and developmentally when examined at 1 year of age.
Abstract: Eight infants with intractable respiratory failure were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Intractable respiratory failure was defined as alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient of more than 620 torr for six to 12 hours that did not respond to hyperventilation and the use of tolazoline. Infants with overt sepsis, CNS damage, or other debilitating conditions were not considered for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Six of the eight infants survived after a mean extracorporeal membrane oxygenation time of 164 hours. Five of the six survivors were normal neurologically and developmentally when examined at 1 year of age.
TL;DR: Depressive symptoms among fourth- and fifth-grade students as measured by the Children's Depression Inventory correlated highly with impaired problem solving at block designs and anagrams, suggesting that depression among children may be continuous with depression among adults.
Abstract: Depressive symptoms among 40 fourth- and fifth-grade students as measured by the Children's Depression Inventory, correlated highly with impaired problem solving at block designs (r=.64) and anagrams (r=.67). Similar impairments have been found among depressed adults, suggesting that depression among children may be continuous with depression among adults.
TL;DR: In this article, the first reduction of 1,1′-dimethyl-r,r′-bipyridinium dichloride (methyl viologen, MV +-) results in the formation of both a monomeric, MV ±, and a dimeric (MV +- 2 ) product.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an analysis of costs incurred and tax monies saved, over an approximately 4-year period, through the successful implementation of an ongoing job training and placement program.
Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of costs incurred and tax monies saved, over an approximately 4-year period, through the successful implementation of an ongoing job training and placement program. The focus of the analysis is on the amount of money saved rather than on the wages earned by moderately and severely handicapped workers. Factors in the cost analysis include number of months the client had been working, amount of staff hours expended on the client at the job site, amount of funds expended proportionately on each client, Supplemental Social Security Income saved, estimated cost of day programming for the client if no job placement had been made, Targeted Job Tax Credit Program costs, and amount of state and federal taxes withheld. After almost 4 years, the public's cumulative savings totaled $620,576, while expenditures totaled $530,300. Thus, the total direct financial benefit to taxpayers is $90,376. Since initiation of the program, the clients' cumulative earnings are over $500,000.
TL;DR: Blood rickettsial titers, skin biopsy results, and circulating endotoxin measurements were correlated with the clinical course of disease in patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF).
Abstract: • Blood rickettsial titers, skin biopsy results, and circulating endotoxin measurements were correlated with the clinical course of disease in patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Nine of 11 patients with documented RMSF had Rickettsia rickettsii isolated from plasma samples. Of the eight patients in whom rickettsial titers were measured, seven had 10 0.7 to 10 1.2 median tissue culture infective doses (TCID 50 ) per milliliter; all seven had mild to moderately severe disease. One patient with fulminant, fatal untreated RMSF had 10 3 TCID 50 /mL of postmortem plasma. Two patients from whom rickettsiae were not isolated had positive direct immunofluorescent stains of skin biopsy material for R rickettsii . Circulating endotoxin was present in two patients, one with documented rickettsemia and one with a positive skin biopsy alone. Only low levels of circulating rickettsiae are present in patients with moderately severe disease. Measurement of plasma endotoxin is not useful in the early diagnosis of RMSF. ( Arch Intern Med 1983;143:1149-1151)
TL;DR: Observations suggest that the Edwards isolate of CB4, like other human isolates ofCB4 virus, probably exists as a heterogenous population of virion strains and the pathogenic consequences and expression of any diabetogenic potential is dependent on virus strain selection.
Abstract: The ability of different strains of a single virus type to produce different pathogenic expressions is well documented within the picornavirus group. Coxsackievirus, group B, type 4 (CB4) has been associated with viral-induced diabetes in man, but expression of its potential to induce diabetes in experimental animals is variable. Evidence is presented here for one of the primary sources of this variability that could explain resulting contradictory reports offered in support or rejection of its diabetogenic potential. C57B1/6 and SWR mice were infected with the Edwards isolate of CB4 (CB4-Edw) and three of its plaque-purified virion "strains." These were designated Edwards isolate-1 (E1), E2, and E3. CB4-Edw, E1, E2, and E3 were serologically similar by infectivity neutralization tests, had identical plaque morphology, and replicated to a similar level in the pancreas. The most profound difference was the level of virus antigen accumulation in the islet cells as determined by immunoperoxidase localization. CB4-Edw had moderate antigen accumulation in most islet cells of SWR mice but was restricted to only a few specific cells within the periphery islets of C57B1/6 mice. Unlike CB4-Edw all three new isolates accumulated antigen in most islet cells of both mouse strains. Virus isolate (strain) E2 showed the most intense accumulation in islet cells. These observations suggest that the Edwards isolate of CB4, like other human isolates of CB4 virus, probably exists as a heterogeneous population of virion strains. The pathogenic consequences and expression of any diabetogenic potential is, therefore, dependent on virus strain selection. This diversity must be considered when evaluating the pathogenic nature of CB4 viruses in experimental animals and the possible role of the viruses in diabetes of man.
TL;DR: In this paper, the acidity of Fe/ZSM-5 and Co2(CO)8 synthesis gas conversion catalysts was investigated by infrared characterization of chemisorbed pyridine.
TL;DR: Results suggested that, as a result of affective imagery training, angry children's perceptions and cognitions shifted from “angry” towards “sad,” and there was a concomitant decrease in observed aggressive classroom behavior.
Abstract: From a school population of normal children (third through fifth grades), thirty children initially identified as "angry" were randomly assigned to either an affective imagery training group, an attention group, or a control group. The treatment group received three sessions of affective imagery in which they focused on physiological changes and on their thoughts associated with prior emotional experiences. Teachers recorded pre-, post-, and short term follow-up aggressive behaviors for all thirty children. Cognitive perceptions and attributions were recorded at the same three occasions on the Affect Questionnaire. Results suggested that, as a result of affective imagery training, angry children's perceptions and cognitions shifted from "angry" towards "sad," and there was a concomitant decrease in observed aggressive classroom behavior.