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Showing papers by "Virginia Commonwealth University published in 2022"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gomez et al. as discussed by the authors examined clinical outcomes of co-infection with influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, or adenovirus in 212 466 adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to hospital in the UK between Feb 6, 2020, and Dec 8, 2021, using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium-WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the toxic effects of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) encountered by various plants from physiological, biochemical and molecular perspectives are also summarized.

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the toxic effects of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) encountered by various plants from physiological, biochemical and molecular perspectives are also summarized.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors assessed associations between histologic and noninvasive tests (NITs) of fibrosis with liver-related complications in patients with NASH cirrhosis.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the catalytic and antimicrobial activities of nanocrystalline silver (Ag), supported on tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles prepared using the deposition-precipitation synthesis technique, are studied.
Abstract: Nanomaterial such as metals and metal oxide photocatalysts have emerged as important tools for removing contaminants from wastewater and as antibacterial agents to prevent infections; this is mainly due to their stability under different irradiation conditions. Herein, the catalytic and antimicrobial activities of nanocrystalline silver (Ag), supported on tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles prepared using the deposition-precipitation synthesis technique, are studied. The synthesized material was characterized as XRD, XPS, TEM, and TEM-EDS to investigate their physio-chemical properties. HRTEM, XPS analysis shows that the photocatalyst has a large sheet-like morphology with well-dispersed small metallic Ag particles (<3 nm) on the WO3 nanoparticle's surface, with most particles near the edges. Ultraviolet–visible spectra analysis observed a large redshift in the absorbing band edge and decreased bandgap energy from 2.6 to 2.1 eV. Photocatalytic analysis at different concentrations of 1% Ag/WO3 under visible light indicated a high degradation efficiency. The largest degradation efficiency of Methylene Blue (MB) under visible light irradiation was (∼80%) in 120 min at 1 g/L catalyst dosage. The photodegradation of MB under visible light as a function of catalyst dose followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. In addition, the catalyst shows high degradation efficiency and significant dose-dependent inhibition of Gram-negative E. Coli and the Gram-positive S. aureus. Furthermore, the catalyst showed excellent stability and recyclability.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors systematically reviewed articles from the World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database published between December 2019 through April 2021, and found that blanket hospital visitor policies were associated with failure to address the unique needs of patients, their visitors, and health care providers in various clinical environments.
Abstract: Health care policymaking during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has questioned the precedent of restricting hospital visitors. We aimed to synthesize available data describing the resulting impact on patient, family/visitor, and health care provider well-being. We systematically reviewed articles from the World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database published between December 2019 through April 2021. Included studies focused on hospitalized patients and reported 1 or more prespecified main or secondary outcome (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] disease transmission, global well-being, mortality, morbidity, or health care resource utilization). Two authors independently extracted data into a standardized form with a third author resolving discrepancies. A total of 1153 abstracts were screened, and 26 final full-text articles were included. Ten studies were qualitative, with 7 cohort studies, and no randomized controlled trials. Critically ill patients were the most represented (12 out of 26 studies). Blanket hospital visitor policies were associated with failure to address the unique needs of patients, their visitors, and health care providers in various clinical environments. Overall, a patient-centered, thoughtful, and nuanced approach to hospital visitor policies is likely to benefit all stakeholders while minimizing potential harms.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors explored the impact of central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) on transboundary water pollution, and the triple difference method (DDD) was adopted to estimate the impact.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a viable synthetic approach was developed to prepare iron-based sulfur and nitrogen dual doped porous carbon ([email protected]) for use in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell technology.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a series of multivariable linear regressions were conducted to assess the relationship between nicotine flux and EDS and found that greater nicotine flux was associated with higher EDS scores among pod-based e-cigarette users.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that an increasing number of central cities across the U.S. are experiencing a growth in white middle-class population, which is associated with gentrification in historically disinvested and racially marginalized areas.
Abstract: An increasing number of central cities across the U.S. are experiencing a growth in white middle-class population, which is associated with gentrification in historically disinvested and racially s...

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , an experimental design and discrete-event simulation to empirically test the impact on firm outcomes of resource reconfiguration techniques versus those related to adaptive decision-making processes is presented.
Abstract: The extreme demand volatility caused by corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) overwhelmed most preemptive measures enacted by firms to mitigate disruptions in their supply chains. This led to the rapid implementation of reactive measures to provide business continuity. The operations and supply chain management literature has grouped these reactive techniques into those that involve the reconfiguration of firm resources and those that involve changes to its decision-making processes. Unfortunately, little of this work has empirically assessed the efficacy of individual reactive techniques on business continuity after the onset of a disruption such as COVID-19. The research reported in this paper addresses this gap through an experimental design and discrete-event simulation to empirically test the impact on firm outcomes of resource reconfiguration techniques versus those related to adaptive decision-making processes. Data from a canned foods manufacturer is used to populate the simulation and isolate the impact of these reactive changes implemented in March 2020 at the beginning of the COVID-19 disruption on the attainment of business continuity in the 3 months following the COVID-19 disruption. The results show that for this company, decision-making changes—specifically changes to planning process cadence and time horizon—had more impact on business continuity than those focused on resource reconfiguration (increasing capacity through stock keeping unit (SKU) prioritization and increasing the number of shifts). These results, in addition to qualitative data collected from company executives to provide context for the modeling results, are used to provide insights that are generalizable to many firms.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a comprehensive review of recent advances in the field of plasmonic particle anisotropy and nanostructures for targeted biosensing and therapeutic research is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the frequencies of HU and gout risk alleles in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander subgroups were estimated using biorepository DNA samples.
Abstract: Gout, an inflammatory condition, is characterized by the precipitation of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in or around distal joints. The latter is caused by chronic hyperuricemia (HU)-high urate levels in the blood. Genetic variations in urate transporters play a significant role in determining urate levels within the human body, rendering some racial and ethnic groups more or less susceptible to developing either HU or gout. This study aims to estimate the frequencies of HU and gout risk alleles in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander subgroups, using biorepository DNA samples.The biospecimens repository at the University of Hawai'i provided DNA samples of consented post-partum women of Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Native Hawaiian, Samoan, and Marshallese descent. The DNA was previously extracted from maternal blood and genotyped at the Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Cancer Center (Honolulu, HI). Nine urate genes: ABCG2, SLC2A9, SLC16A9, GCKR, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, LRR16A, PDZK1, and SLC17A1, were selected due to their significant association with HU and gout risk. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) for genotype frequencies was assessed, using the Chi-Square test with p < 0.006 for statistical significance. Allele frequencies in our study were then compared to EUR from the 1000 Genomes Project Database Phase III, using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, when appropriate. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used, with p < 0.006 for statistical significance.Our study involved 1059 post-partum women 18-year-old or older who self-reported their respective race and ethnicity, including Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander ancestry. The Asian subgroups included Japanese, Filipino, and Korean. The Pacific Islander subgroups included Marshallese and Samoan. None of the study participants had a history of gout. We excluded the PDZK1 gene from the final analysis due to its deviation from HWE (p < 0.006) across all the population subgroups, with eight loci remaining for cross-subgroup comparisons. Compared to EUR, the genetic polymorphism frequencies were significantly different-8/8 in Japanese, 6/8 in Korean, 6/8 in Filipino, 8/8 in Samoan, 6/8 in Native Hawaiian, and 6/8 in Marshallese. HU and gout risk alleles indices were 8, 6, 5, 5, 4, and 4 in Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Samoan, Marshallese, and Native Hawaiian, respectively. The percentage of cumulative risk alleles was 100% in both Japanese and Filipino, followed by 83.5% in Korean.Compared to EUR, Asian subgroups, particularly Japanese, Filipino, and Korean, had the highest percentage of the cumulative uric acid risk alleles. These results could partly explain the increased risk of developing gout among some Asian ancestral subgroups compared to EUR.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature regarding the role of steroids in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) was performed. But there was no benefit of using steroids compared with nonsteroid treatment in terms of mortality and treatment success and some but significantly increased risk of adverse events.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the experiences of pregnant and postpartum women with histories of clinically elevated symptoms of depression were investigated. But, although the pandemic upended many aspects of life for perinatal women and raised mental health concerns, many also reported adaptive means of coping and positive experiences or "silver linings" related to pandemic restrictions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the first-principles calculations suggest that the VGa-3Hi complex is the origin of the YL2 band and the VGaa-3ON complex is responsible for the RL4 band.
Abstract: Ammonothermal GaN samples with the concentration of free electrons of 1018 and 1019 cm−3 were annealed in a wide range of temperatures (Tann = 300–1400 °C) under atmospheric N2 pressure and under ultra-high N2 pressure conditions to avoid the GaN decomposition. Photoluminescence (PL) studies reveal the YL2 band with a maximum at 2.3 eV before annealing and two new PL bands after annealing at Tann > 600 °C: the OL3 band with a maximum at 2.1 eV and the RL4 band with a maximum at 1.6–1.7 eV. The ammonothermal GaN samples have high concentrations of complexes containing gallium vacancy (VGa), hydrogen, and oxygen. The first-principles calculations suggest that the VGa-3Hi complex is the origin of the YL2 band, while the VGa-3ON complex is responsible for the RL4 band.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors show that long-distance dispersal by dove hosts was central to parasite diversification because it provided new ecological opportunities for parasites to speciate after host-switching.
Abstract: Adaptive radiation is an important mechanism of organismal diversification and can be triggered by new ecological opportunities. Although poorly studied in this regard, parasites are an ideal group in which to study adaptive radiations because of their close associations with host species. Both experimental and comparative studies suggest that the ectoparasitic wing lice of pigeons and doves have adaptively radiated, leading to differences in body size and overall coloration. Here, we show that long-distance dispersal by dove hosts was central to parasite diversification because it provided new ecological opportunities for parasites to speciate after host-switching. We further show that among extant parasite lineages host-switching decreased over time, with cospeciation becoming the more dominant mode of parasite speciation. Taken together, our results suggest that host dispersal, followed by host-switching, provided novel ecological opportunities that facilitated adaptive radiation by parasites.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify prototypical e-government tasks for design science implementation and corresponding solutions and demonstrate whether and how the development and evolution of eGovernment designs continue to gain relevance in design science research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or functional electrical stimulation, or both, training on different body composition parameters in individuals with spinal cord injury was investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , ultrathin curved PtPdMo nanosheets were obtained by controlling the anisotropic growth kinetics through the CO released from Mo(CO)6.
Abstract: Metallic ultrathin nanosheets have drawn increasing attention due to their distinct properties and wide applications. Nonetheless, the successful preparation of metallic ultrathin nanosheets is still a huge challenge because metallic bonds have no direction and tend to form three-dimensional close-packed structures. Here, ultrathin curved PtPdMo nanosheets (UC-PtPdMo NSs) were obtained by controlling the anisotropic growth kinetics through the CO released from Mo(CO)6. Meanwhile, different doses of PVP and CTAB could induce the formation of ultrathin porous PtPdMo NSs (UP-PtPdMo NSs) and ultrathin PtPdMo NSs (U-PtPdMo NSs). Among them, UC-PtPdMo NSs had the optimal catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and its specific and mass activities were 4.1 and 3.6 times as large as those of Pt/C. Moreover, it showed better stability than the other catalysts after 10k cycles. The strengthened catalytic properties might have resulted from the ultrathin structures and the electronic adjustment of Pt by Pd and Mo elements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors focused on green merger and acquisition of polluting enterprises which can quickly obtain clean enterprise resources, and compared the impact of different green M&A modes on export performance and export margin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed noniterative randomization-based neural networks for multilabel classification, which is a supervised learning problem in which input instances belong to multiple output labels.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Forestry and forest ecology research potentially lags behind related fields such as ecology, biodiversity, and conservation research in the employment of open-source software solutions, specifically the R programming language as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a longitudinal web-based nationwide survey of adults with COVID-19 associated smell and taste loss was launched April 10, 2020, and participants received detailed follow-up questionnaires 14 days, and 1, 3 and 6 months later.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors compared family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for drug use disorder (DUD), major depression (MD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across various subgroups of DUD, MD, and ADHD cases.
Abstract: Abstract Background Do genetic risk profiles for drug use disorder (DUD), major depression (MD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ substantially as a function of sex, age at onset (AAO), recurrence, mode of ascertainment, and treatment? Methods Family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for MD, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol use disorder, DUD, ADHD, and autism-spectrum disorder were calculated from 1st–5th degree relatives in the Swedish population born 1932–1995 ( n = 5 829 952). Profiles of these FGRS were obtained and compared across various subgroups of DUD, MD, and ADHD cases. Results Differences in FGRS profiles for DUD, MD, and ADHD by sex were modest, but they varied substantially by AAO, recurrence, ascertainment, and treatment with scores typically higher in cases with greater severity (e.g. early AAO, high recurrence, ascertainment in high intensity clinical settings, and treatment). However, severity was not always related to purer genetic profiles, as genetic risk for many disorders often increased together. However, some results, such as by mode of ascertainment from different Swedish registries, produced qualitative differences in FGRS profiles. Conclusions Differences in FGRS profiles for DUD, MD, and ADHD varied substantially by AAO, recurrence, ascertainment, and treatment. Replication of psychiatric studies, particularly those examining genetic factors, may be difficult unless cases are matched not only by diagnosis but by important clinical characteristics. Genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders could arise through one disorder impacting on the patterns of ascertainment for the other, rather than from the direct effects of shared genetic liabilities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of compressive boundary clamps and βTCP on the development of zonal ligament-to-bone entheses was investigated, and it was shown that βTCCP applied under the clamp enhanced maturation of these entheses, leading to significantly increased tensile moduli, and zonal GAG accumulation, ALP activity, and calcium-phosphate accumulation, suggesting the initiation of endochondral ossification.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a topical review of nanomagnet-based devices and systems is presented, highlighting the potential applications of magnet-based systems and their potential advantages and shortcomings.
Abstract: When magnets are fashioned into nanoscale elements, they exhibit a wide variety of phenomena replete with rich physics and the lure of tantalizing applications. In this topical review, we discuss some of these phenomena, especially those that have come to light recently, and highlight their potential applications. We emphasize what drives a phenomenon, what undergirds the dynamics of the system that exhibits the phenomenon, how the dynamics can be manipulated, and what specific features can be harnessed for technological advances. For the sake of balance, we point out both advantages and shortcomings of nanomagnet based devices and systems predicated on the phenomena we discuss. Where possible, we chart out paths for future investigations that can shed new light on an intriguing phenomenon and/or facilitate both traditional and non-traditional applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors identify effects of birth order on breastfeeding self-efficacy, parental-report of infant feeding behaviors, infant non-nutritive sucking and oral feeding skills in full-term infants at 3-months.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a quality improvement project was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of sleep disturbance among primary brain tumor (PBT) patients in their clinic and to evaluate interest in treatment for sleep disturbance.
Abstract: Primary brain tumor (PBT) patients report sleep disturbance due to their disease and treatment, yet few studies have utilized validated measures to understand the extent of patients’ concerns and preferences for treatment. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of sleep disturbance among PBT patients in our clinic and to evaluate interest in treatment for sleep disturbance. PBT patients completed validated measures of sleep disturbance and health during routine neuro-oncology visits. Patients also reported on sleep-related symptom management and their preferences for pharmacological and/or behavioral treatment. Sleep disturbance was common, with 61.5% of PBT patients (N = 119; Mage = 52.60 years; 50% male) reporting poor sleep quality and 21.5% endorsing symptoms of insomnia. Insomnia could be explained by increased fatigue and corticosteroid use; sleep quality could be explained by fatigue. Patients in our clinic with higher grade tumors, significant sleep disturbance, of minority racial/ethnic status, and those not already taking sleep medications were more likely to report their symptoms and were not well-addressed by their medical team. Patients indicated a similar interest in pharmacological and behavioral treatment, warranting the availability of both in our clinic. Findings indicate a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in PBT patients, highlighting the need for increased screening, monitoring, and treatment in our neuro-oncology clinic. Future research would benefit from assessing the efficacy of behavioral treatments for sleep disturbance in this population.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that the polyhedral mesh style, with sufficient resolution especially near the walls, is an excellent alternative to the highly regarded hexahedralMesh style for predicting upper airway aerosol transport and deposition and provides a powerful new tool in the assessment of respiratory aerosol dosimetry.