Institution
Virginia Commonwealth University
Education•Richmond, Virginia, United States•
About: Virginia Commonwealth University is a education organization based out in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 23822 authors who have published 49587 publications receiving 1787046 citations. The organization is also known as: VCU.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Health care, Anxiety, Mental health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber was electrospun from water using Triton X-100 surfactant to lower the surface tension and showed increased mechanical strength due to increased crystallinity following post-spinning treatment with methanol.
Abstract: Fully (99+ %) hydrolyzed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was electrospun from water using Triton X-100 surfactant to lower the surface tension. The diameter of the electrospun PVA fibers ranged from 100 to 700 nm. Treatment of the PVA fiber mats with methanol for 8 h stabilized the fibers against disintegration in contact with water. In addition, the mats showed increased mechanical strength due to increased crystallinity following post-spinning treatment with methanol. We suggest that methanol treatment serves to increase the degree of crystallinity, and hence the number of physical cross-links in the electrospun PVA fibers. This may occur by removal of residual water within the fibers by the alcohol, allowing PVA−water hydrogen bonding to be replaced by intermolecular polymer hydrogen bonding resulting in additional crystallization. Potential applications of electrospun PVA include filters, precursors to graphitic fibers, and biomedical materials.
336 citations
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TL;DR: Rifaximin is associated with improved cognitive function and endotoxemia in MHE, which is accompanied by alteration of gut bacterial linkages with metabolites without significant change in microbial abundance.
Abstract: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents a dysfunctional gut-liver-brain axis in cirrhosis which can negatively impact outcomes. This altered gut-brain relationship has been treated using gut-selective antibiotics such as rifaximin, that improve cognitive function in HE, especially its subclinical form, minimal HE (MHE). However, the precise mechanism of the action of rifaximin in MHE is unclear. We hypothesized that modulation of gut microbiota and their end-products by rifaximin would affect the gut-brain axis and improve cognitive performance in cirrhosis. Aim To perform a systems biology analysis of the microbiome, metabolome and cognitive change after rifaximin in MHE. Methods: Twenty cirrhotics with MHE underwent cognitive testing, endotoxin analysis, urine/serum metabolomics (GC and LC-MS) and fecal microbiome assessment (multi-tagged pyrosequencing) at baseline and 8 weeks post-rifaximin 550 mg BID. Changes in cognition, endotoxin, serum/urine metabolites (and microbiome were analyzed using recommended systems biology techniques. Specifically, correlation networks between microbiota and metabolome were analyzed before and after rifaximin. Results: There was a significant improvement in cognition(six of seven tests improved,p,0.01) and endotoxemia (0.55 to 0.48 Eu/ml, p=0.02) after rifaximin. There was a significant increase in serum saturated (myristic, caprylic, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and eicosanoic) and unsaturated (linoleic, linolenic, gamma-linolenic and arachnidonic) fatty acids postrifaximin. No significant microbial change apart from a modest decrease in Veillonellaceae and increase in Eubacteriaceae was observed. Rifaximin resulted in a significant reduction in network connectivity and clustering on the correlation networks. The networks centered on Enterobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Bacteroidaceae indicated a shift from pathogenic to beneficial metabolite linkages and better cognition while those centered on autochthonous taxa remained similar. Conclusions: Rifaximin is associated with improved cognitive function and endotoxemia in MHE, which is accompanied by alteration of gut bacterial linkages with metabolites without significant change in microbial abundance. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01069133
336 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a literature review was performed to compile information relating to waterpipe tobacco smoking, showing that waterpipe smoking is increasing in prevalence worldwide; in the United States, 10-20% of some young adult populations are current waterpipe users and a single waterpipe session produces the equivalent of at least 1 and as many as 50 cigarettes.
Abstract: Objective: To examine the prevalence and potential health risks of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Methods: A literature review was performed to compile information relating to waterpipe tobacco smoking. Results: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in prevalence worldwide; in the United States, 10-20% of some young adult populations are current waterpipe users. Depending on the toxicant measured, a single waterpipe session produces the equivalent of at least 1 and as many as 50 cigarettes. Misconceptions about waterpipe smoke content may lead users to underestimate health risks. Conclusion: Inclusion of waterpipe tobacco smoking in tobacco control ac
336 citations
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TL;DR: The present study reviews the current knowledge on the wettability of biomaterial surfaces, encompassing basic and applied aspects that include measurement techniques, thermodynamic aspects of wetting and models predicting topographical and roughness effects on the wetting behavior.
336 citations
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Virginia Commonwealth University1, University of Tokyo2, Erasmus University Rotterdam3, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute4, University of Queensland5, VU University Amsterdam6, Veterans Health Administration7, Georgetown University8, University of Colorado Boulder9, University of Lausanne10, University Hospital of Lausanne11, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics12, Greifswald University Hospital13, University of Greifswald14, VU University Medical Center15, Washington University in St. Louis16, Florida Atlantic University17, University Medical Center Groningen18, Johns Hopkins University19, Erasmus University Medical Center20
TL;DR: To identify genetic variants contributing to genetic susceptibility shared across interview-generated DSM-based ADs, two phenotypic approaches were applied: (1) comparisons between categorical AD cases and supernormal controls, and (2) quantitative Phenotypic factor scores derived from a multivariate analysis combining information across the clinical phenotypes.
Abstract: Anxiety disorders (ADs), namely generalized AD, panic disorder and phobias, are common, etiologically complex conditions with a partially genetic basis. Despite differing on diagnostic definitions based on clinical presentation, ADs likely represent various expressions of an underlying common diathesis of abnormal regulation of basic threat–response systems. We conducted genome-wide association analyses in nine samples of European ancestry from seven large, independent studies. To identify genetic variants contributing to genetic susceptibility shared across interview-generated DSM-based ADs, we applied two phenotypic approaches: (1) comparisons between categorical AD cases and supernormal controls, and (2) quantitative phenotypic factor scores (FS) derived from a multivariate analysis combining information across the clinical phenotypes. We used logistic and linear regression, respectively, to analyze the association between these phenotypes and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Meta-analysis for each phenotype combined results across the nine samples for over 18 000 unrelated individuals. Each meta-analysis identified a different genome-wide significant region, with the following markers showing the strongest association: for case–control contrasts, rs1709393 located in an uncharacterized non-coding RNA locus on chromosomal band 3q12.3 (P=1.65 × 10−8); for FS, rs1067327 within CAMKMT encoding the calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase on chromosomal band 2p21 (P=2.86 × 10−9). Independent replication and further exploration of these findings are needed to more fully understand the role of these variants in risk and expression of ADs.
335 citations
Authors
Showing all 24085 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Ronald C. Kessler | 274 | 1332 | 328983 |
Carlo M. Croce | 198 | 1135 | 189007 |
Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
Michael Rutter | 188 | 676 | 151592 |
Kenneth S. Kendler | 177 | 1327 | 142251 |
Bernhard O. Palsson | 147 | 831 | 85051 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
Ming T. Tsuang | 140 | 885 | 73865 |
Patrick F. Sullivan | 133 | 594 | 92298 |
Martin B. Keller | 131 | 541 | 65069 |
Michael E. Thase | 131 | 923 | 75995 |
Benjamin F. Cravatt | 131 | 666 | 61932 |
Jian Zhou | 128 | 3007 | 91402 |
Rena R. Wing | 128 | 649 | 67360 |
Linda R. Watkins | 127 | 519 | 56454 |