scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Virginia Commonwealth University

EducationRichmond, Virginia, United States
About: Virginia Commonwealth University is a education organization based out in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 23822 authors who have published 49587 publications receiving 1787046 citations. The organization is also known as: VCU.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that leaders perform emotional labor whenever they display emotions in an attempt to influence their subordinates' moods and motivations, and that emotionally expressive leaders are more charismatic and are better motivators.
Abstract: Purpose – This paper seeks to argue that leaders perform emotional labor whenever they display emotions in an attempt to influence their subordinates' moods and motivations.Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper that integrates the literature on leadership with the research on emotional labor.Findings – This paper develops 15 propositions that distinguish emotional labor performed by leaders from that performed by front‐line service workers.Research limitations/implications – The paper suggests that leading with emotional labor is a fruitful research topic, and that considerable research could be done in this area.Practical implications – Instead of conducting business in a non‐emotional, “business‐like manner”, leaders would benefit by expressing their emotions in the workplace. Emotionally expressive leaders are more charismatic and are better motivators.Originality/value – This is the first paper to develop a theoretical model that describes how leaders perform emotional labor; thus t...

329 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the safety and effects of IL-1 blockade with anakinra on left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) initiates an intense inflammatory response in which interleukin-1 plays a central role.
Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) initiates an intense inflammatory response in which interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a central role. The IL-1 receptor antagonist is a naturally occurring antagonist, and anakinra is the recombinant form used to treat inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present pilot study was to test the safety and effects of IL-1 blockade with anakinra on left ventricular (LV) remodeling after AMI. Ten patients with ST-segment elevation AMI were randomized to either anakinra 100 mg/day subcutaneously for 14 days or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Two cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and echocardiographic studies were performed during a 10- to 14-week period. The primary end point was the difference in the interval change in the LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVi) between the 2 groups on CMR imaging. The secondary end points included differences in the interval changes in the LV end-diastolic volume index, and C-reactive protein levels. A +2.0 ml/m(2) median increase (interquartile range +1.0, +11.5) in the LVESVi on CMR imaging was seen in the placebo group and a -3.2 ml/m(2) median decrease (interquartile range -4.5, -1.6) was seen in the anakinra group (p = 0.033). The median difference was 5.2 ml/m(2). On echocardiography, the median difference in the LVESVi change was 13.4 ml/m(2) (p = 0.006). Similar differences were observed in the LV end-diastolic volume index on CMR imaging (7.6 ml/m(2), p = 0.033) and echocardiography (9.4 ml/m(2), p = 0.008). The change in C-reactive protein levels between admission and 72 hours after admission correlated with the change in the LVESVi (R = +0.71, p = 0.022). In conclusion, in the present pilot study of patients with ST-segment elevation AMI, IL-1 blockade with anakinra was safe and favorably affected by LV remodeling. If confirmed in larger trials, IL-1 blockade might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent heart failure after AMI.

329 citations

Book ChapterDOI
11 May 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the problem of multi-input functional encryption, where a secret key sk f can correspond to an n-ary function f that takes multiple ciphertexts as input.
Abstract: We introduce the problem of Multi-Input Functional Encryption, where a secret key sk f can correspond to an n-ary function f that takes multiple ciphertexts as input. We formulate both indistinguishability-based and simulation-based definitions of security for this notion, and show close connections with indistinguishability and virtual black-box definitions of obfuscation.

328 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences in target and OAR delineation for breast irradiation between institutions/observers appear to be clinically and dosimetrically significant.
Abstract: Purpose To quantify the multi-institutional and multiobserver variability of target and organ-at-risk (OAR) delineation for breast-cancer radiotherapy (RT) and its dosimetric impact as the first step of a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group effort to establish a breast cancer atlas. Methods and Materials Nine radiation oncologists specializing in breast RT from eight institutions independently delineated targets (e.g., lumpectomy cavity, boost planning target volume, breast, supraclavicular, axillary and internal mammary nodes, chest wall) and OARs (e.g., heart, lung) on the same CT images of three representative breast cancer patients. Interobserver differences in structure delineation were quantified regarding volume, distance between centers of mass, percent overlap, and average surface distance. Mean, median, and standard deviation for these quantities were calculated for all possible combinations. To assess the impact of these variations on treatment planning, representative dosimetric plans based on observer-specific contours were generated. Results Variability in contouring the targets and OARs between the institutions and observers was substantial. Structure overlaps were as low as 10%, and volume variations had standard deviations up to 60%. The large variability was related both to differences in opinion regarding target and OAR boundaries and approach to incorporation of setup uncertainty and dosimetric limitations in target delineation. These interobserver differences result in substantial variations in dosimetric planning for breast RT. Conclusions Differences in target and OAR delineation for breast irradiation between institutions/observers appear to be clinically and dosimetrically significant. A systematic consensus is highly desirable, particularly in the era of intensity-modulated and image-guided RT.

328 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multiple-level classificatory system based on exercise &OV0312;e/&OV03 12;co2 slope stratifies the burden of risk for the entire spectrum of heart failure severity.
Abstract: Background—Ventilatory efficiency, commonly assessed by the minute ventilation (V u E)– carbon dioxide production (V u CO2) slope, is a powerful prognostic marker in the heart failure population. The purpose of the present study is to refine the prognostic power of the V u E/V u CO2 slope by developing a ventilatory class system that correlates V u E/V u CO2 cut points to cardiac-related events. Methods and Results—Four hundred forty-eight subjects diagnosed with heart failure were included in this analysis. The V u E/V u CO2 slope was determined via cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Subjects were tracked for major cardiac events (mortality, transplantation, or left ventricular assist device implantation) for 2 years after cardiopulmonary exercise testing. There were 81 cardiac-related events (64 deaths, 10 heart transplants, and 7 left ventricular assist device implantations) during the 2-year tracking period. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the overall V u E/V u CO2 slope classification scheme was significant (area under the curve: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.73 to 0.83], P0.001). On the basis of test sensitivity and specificity, the following ventilatory class system was developed: (1) ventilatory class (VC) I: 29; (2) VC II: 30.0 to 35.9; (3) VC III: 36.0 to 44.9; and (4) VC IV: 45.0. The numbers of subjects in VCs I through IV were 144, 149, 112, and 43, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed event-free survival for subjects in VC I, II, III, and IV was 97.2%, 85.2%, 72.3%, and 44.2%, respectively (log-rank 86.8; P0.001). Conclusions—A multiple-level classificatory system based on exercise V u E/V u CO2 slope stratifies the burden of risk for the entire spectrum of heart failure severity. Application of this classification is therefore proposed to improve clinical decision making in heart failure. (Circulation. 2007;115:2410-2417.)

328 citations


Authors

Showing all 24085 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Ronald C. Kessler2741332328983
Carlo M. Croce1981135189007
Nicholas G. Martin1921770161952
Michael Rutter188676151592
Kenneth S. Kendler1771327142251
Bernhard O. Palsson14783185051
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
Ming T. Tsuang14088573865
Patrick F. Sullivan13359492298
Martin B. Keller13154165069
Michael E. Thase13192375995
Benjamin F. Cravatt13166661932
Jian Zhou128300791402
Rena R. Wing12864967360
Linda R. Watkins12751956454
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
University of Pittsburgh
201K papers, 9.6M citations

97% related

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
185.3K papers, 9.9M citations

97% related

Duke University
200.3K papers, 10.7M citations

95% related

University of Pennsylvania
257.6K papers, 14.1M citations

95% related

University of Minnesota
257.9K papers, 11.9M citations

95% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202395
2022395
20213,658
20203,437
20193,039
20182,758