Virginia Commonwealth University

About: Virginia Commonwealth University is a education organization based out in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 23822 authors who have published 49587 publications receiving 1787046 citations. The organization is also known as: VCU.

The management of intra-abdominal infections from a global perspective: 2017 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections

Abstract: Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in the emergency departments worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs are early recognition, adequate source control, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Prompt resuscitation of patients with ongoing sepsis is of utmost important. In hospitals worldwide, non-acceptance of, or lack of access to, accessible evidence-based practices and guidelines result in overall poorer outcome of patients suffering IAIs. The aim of this paper is to promote global standards of care in IAIs and update the 2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections.

Autocrine and paracrine roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate

Abstract: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that has been implicated in many biological processes, including cell migration, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and immune and allergic responses. S1P levels inside cells are regulated tightly by the balance between its synthesis by sphingosine kinases and degradation by S1P lyases and S1P phosphatases. Activation of sphingosine kinase by any of a variety of agonists increases S1P levels, which in turn can function intracellularly as a second messenger or in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion to activate and signal through S1P receptors present on the surface of the cell. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of S1P as a mediator of the actions of cytokines, growth factors and hormones.

The effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine on the acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and healthcare-associated bloodstream infections: results of a quasi-experimental multicenter trial.

Abstract: Hospital Epidemiologist (MWC), Hunter HolmesMcGuire Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA;Vice Chair (KAS), Clinical Affairs Department of Medicine,Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY;Director (KAS), Infection Control, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Senior MedicalInformatician (GZ), Patient Safety-Risk Management,Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Welksley, MA; Professorof Medicine (VJF), Washington University School of Med-icine, St. Louis, MO; Co-Director (VJF), Infectious Dis-eases, Washington University School of Medicine,St. Louis, MO; Assistant Professor of Medicine (DKW),Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;Professor of Medicine (TMP), Pathology and Epidemiol-ogy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; HospitalEpidemiologist (TMP), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore,MD; Research Program Manager (KS), Johns HopkinsUniversity School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; DeputyChief (JAJ), Prevention and Response Branch, Division ofHealthcareQualityPromotion,CentersforDiseaseControland Prevention, Atlanta, GA; Associate Professor (JRR),Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Pro-fessor of Medicine (ESW), Virginia Commonwealth Uni-versity, Richmond, VA; and Chief (ESW), Infectious Dis-ease, McGuire Veterans Affairs Hospital, Richmond, VA.This work was supported by a cooperative programaward from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.For information regarding this article, E-mail:edward.wong@va.govCopyright © 2009 by the Society of Critical CareMedicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

The Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor STI571 Inhibits Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth

Abstract: At least 70% of small cell lung cancers express the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). Numerous lines of evidence have demonstrated that this coexpression constitutes a functional autocrine loop, suggesting that inhibitors of Kit tyrosine kinase activity could have therapeutic efficacy in this disease. STI571, formerly known as CGP 57148B, is a p.o. bioavailable 2-phenylaminopyrimide derivative that was designed as an Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but also has efficacy against the platelet-derived growth factor receptor and Kit in vitro. Pretreatment of the H526 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line with STI571 inhibited SCF-mediated Kit activation with an IC50 of 0.1 microM as measured by inhibition of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and 0.2 microM as measured by immune complex kinase assay. This paralleled the inhibition of SCF-mediated growth by STI571, which had an IC50 of approximately 0.3 microM. Growth inhibition in SCF-containing medium was accompanied by induction of apoptosis. STI571 efficiently blocked SCF-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt, but did not affect insulin-like growth factor-1 or serum-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase or Akt activation. Growth of five of six SCLC cell lines in medium containing 10% FCS was inhibited by STI571 with an IC50 of approximately 5 microM. Growth inhibition in serum-containing medium appeared to be cytostatic in nature because no increase in apoptosis was observed. Despite this growth inhibition, STI571 failed to enhance the cytotoxicity of either carboplatinum or etoposide when coadministered. However, taken together with the minimal toxicity that this compound has shown in preclinical studies, these data suggest that STI571 could have a role in the treatment of SCLC, possibly to block or slow recurrence after chemotherapy-induced remissions.