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Institution

Virginia Commonwealth University

EducationRichmond, Virginia, United States
About: Virginia Commonwealth University is a education organization based out in Richmond, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 23822 authors who have published 49587 publications receiving 1787046 citations. The organization is also known as: VCU.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Stephan Ripke1, Naomi R. Wray2, Cathryn M. Lewis3, Steven P. Hamilton4, Myrna M. Weissman5, Gerome Breen3, Enda M. Byrne2, Douglas Blackwood6, Dorret I. Boomsma7, Sven Cichon8, Andrew C. Heath9, Florian Holsboer, Susanne Lucae4, Pamela A. F. Madden9, Nicholas G. Martin2, Peter McGuffin3, Pierandrea Muglia8, Markus M. Noethen10, Brenda P Penninx7, Michele L. Pergadia9, James B. Potash11, Marcella Rietschel10, Danyu Lin12, Bertram Müller-Myhsok8, Jianxin Shi13, Stacy Steinberg8, Hans J. Grabe, Paul Lichtenstein14, Patrik K. E. Magnusson14, Roy H. Perlis7, Martin Preisig15, Jordan W. Smoller16, Kari Stefansson, Rudolf Uher3, Zoltán Kutalik17, Katherine E. Tansey3, Alexander Teumer, Alexander Viktorin14, Michael R. Barnes11, Thomas Bettecken18, Elisabeth B. Binder19, René Breuer10, Victor M. Castro20, Susanne Churchill13, William Coryell11, Nicholas John Craddock, Ian W. Craig3, Darina Czamara6, Eco J. C. de Geus7, Franziska Degenhardt8, Anne Farmer3, Maurizio Fava16, Josef Frank10, Vivian S. Gainer, Patience J. Gallagher16, Scott D. Gordon2, Sergey Goryachev, Magdalena Gross8, Michel Guipponi21, Anjali K. Henders2, Stefan Herms8, Ian B. Hickie22, Susanne Hoefels8, Witte J.G. Hoogendijk3, Jouke-Jan Hottenga7, Dan V. Iosifescu16, Marcus Ising9, Ian Jones2, Lisa Jones22, Tzeng Jung-Ying15, James A. Knowles18, Isaac S. Kohane16, Martin A. Kohli2, Ania Korszun9, Mikael Landén5, William Lawson19, Glyn Lewis23, Donald J. MacIntyre6, Wolfgang Maier8, Manuel Mattheisen8, Patrick J. McGrath5, Andrew M. McIntosh6, Alan W. McLean6, Christel M. Middeldorp7, Lefkos T. Middleton23, G. M. Montgomery2, Shawn N. Murphy16, Matthias Nauck, Willem A. Nolen, Dale R. Nyholt2, Michael Conlon O'Donovan24, Hogni Oskarsson, Nancy L. Pedersen14, William A. Scheftner20, Andrea Schulz, Thomas G Schulze16, Stanley I. Shyn9, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Susan L. Slager25, Johannes H. Smit7, Hreinn Stefansson17, Michael Steffens8, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Federica Tozzi, Jens Treutlein10, Manfred Uhr, Edwin J. C. G. van den Oord26, Gerard van Grootheest7, Henry Völzke14, Jeffrey B. Weilburg16, Gonneke Willemsen7, Frans G. Zitman27, Benjamin M. Neale, Mark J. Daly1, Douglas F. Levinson28, Patrick F. Sullivan12 
TL;DR: This article conducted a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mega-analysis for major depressive disorder (MDD) using more than 1.2 million autosomal and X chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18,759 independent and unrelated subjects of recent European ancestry.
Abstract: Prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major depressive disorder (MDD) have met with limited success. We sought to increase statistical power to detect disease loci by conducting a GWAS mega-analysis for MDD. In the MDD discovery phase, we analyzed more than 1.2 million autosomal and X chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 759 independent and unrelated subjects of recent European ancestry (9240 MDD cases and 9519 controls). In the MDD replication phase, we evaluated 554 SNPs in independent samples (6783 MDD cases and 50 695 controls). We also conducted a cross-disorder meta-analysis using 819 autosomal SNPs with P<0.0001 for either MDD or the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium bipolar disorder (BIP) mega-analysis (9238 MDD cases/8039 controls and 6998 BIP cases/7775 controls). No SNPs achieved genome-wide significance in the MDD discovery phase, the MDD replication phase or in pre-planned secondary analyses (by sex, recurrent MDD, recurrent early-onset MDD, age of onset, pre-pubertal onset MDD or typical-like MDD from a latent class analyses of the MDD criteria). In the MDD-bipolar cross-disorder analysis, 15 SNPs exceeded genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), and all were in a 248 kb interval of high LD on 3p21.1 (chr3:52 425 083-53 822 102, minimum P=5.9 × 10(-9) at rs2535629). Although this is the largest genome-wide analysis of MDD yet conducted, its high prevalence means that the sample is still underpowered to detect genetic effects typical for complex traits. Therefore, we were unable to identify robust and replicable findings. We discuss what this means for genetic research for MDD. The 3p21.1 MDD-BIP finding should be interpreted with caution as the most significant SNP did not replicate in MDD samples, and genotyping in independent samples will be needed to resolve its status.

989 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Massively parallel plasma DNA sequencing represents a new approach that is potentially applicable to all pregnancies for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies.
Abstract: Chromosomal aneuploidy is the major reason why couples opt for prenatal diagnosis. Current methods for definitive diagnosis rely on invasive procedures, such as chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis, and are associated with a risk of fetal miscarriage. Fetal DNA has been found in maternal plasma but exists as a minor fraction among a high background of maternal DNA. Hence, quantitative perturbations caused by an aneuploid chromosome in the fetal genome to the overall representation of sequences from that chromosome in maternal plasma would be small. Even with highly precise single molecule counting methods such as digital PCR, a large number of DNA molecules and hence maternal plasma volume would need to be analyzed to achieve the necessary analytical precision. Here we reasoned that instead of using approaches that target specific gene loci, the use of a locus-independent method would greatly increase the number of target molecules from the aneuploid chromosome that could be analyzed within the same fixed volume of plasma. Hence, we used massively parallel genomic sequencing to quantify maternal plasma DNA sequences for the noninvasive prenatal detection of fetal trisomy 21. Twenty-eight first and second trimester maternal plasma samples were tested. All 14 trisomy 21 fetuses and 14 euploid fetuses were correctly identified. Massively parallel plasma DNA sequencing represents a new approach that is potentially applicable to all pregnancies for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies.

986 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analytic study showed that transformational leadership was positively related to individual-level follower performance across criterion types, with a stronger relationship for contextual performance than for task performance across most study settings.
Abstract: Although transformational leadership has been studied extensively, the magnitude of the relationship between transformational leadership and follower performance across criterion types and levels of analysis remains unclear. Based on 117 independent samples over 113 primary studies, the current meta-analytic study showed that transformational leadership was positively related to individual-level follower performance across criterion types, with a stronger relationship for contextual performance than for task performance across most study settings. In addition, transformational leadership was positively related to performance at the team and organization levels. Moreover, both meta-analytic regression and relative importance analyses consistently showed that transformational leadership had an augmentation effect over transactional leadership (contingent reward) in predicting individual-level contextual performance and team-level performance. Contrary to our expectation, however, no augmentation effect of t...

985 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Therapeutic attenuation of innate immune activation may improve survival in patients with HIV infection and sCD14, a marker of monocyte response to LPS, is an independent predictor of mortality in HIV infection.
Abstract: Methods. This nested case-control study included 74 subjects who died, 120 of whom developed cardiovascular disease and 81 of whom developed AIDS during the Strategies for Management of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (SMART) study with matched control subjects. Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble CD14 (sCD14), endotoxin core antibody (EndoCAb), and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were measured in baseline plasma samples. Results. Subjects with the highest quartile of sCD14 levels had a 6-fold higher risk of death than did those in the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval, 2.2‐16.1; P,.001), with minimal change after adjustment for inflammatory markers, CD4 1 T cell count, and HIV RNA level. No other marker was significantly associated with clinical outcomes. I-FABP, LPS, and sCD14 were increased and EndoCAb was decreased in study subjects, compared with healthy volunteers. sCD14 level correlated with levels of IL-6, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and D-dimer. Conclusions. sCD14, a marker of monocyte response to LPS, is an independent predictor of mortality in HIV infection. Therapeutic attenuation of innate immune activation may improve survival in patients with HIV infection.

980 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The Gender-Intensification Hypothesis is considered, some new points of departure for research related to it and to the study of gender-differential socialization during adolescence in general are suggested.
Abstract: It has been argued that there is an acceleration of gender-differential socialization during adolescence, perhaps at the onset of puberty or shortly after, and perhaps especially for girls. New domains may become the object of gender-differential socialization pressure and demands for conformity may increase in domains previously subject to such pressure. We shall refer to this argument as the Gender-Intensification Hypothesis. The hypothesis frequently is invoked to explain observed behavioral differences between adolescent boys and girls. Here we shall review information bearing upon the hypothesis and suggest some new points of departure for research related to it and to the study of gender-differential socialization during adolescence in general. We begin by considering some forms in which the hypothesis appears and then turn to our review and to its implications.

979 citations


Authors

Showing all 24085 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Ronald C. Kessler2741332328983
Carlo M. Croce1981135189007
Nicholas G. Martin1921770161952
Michael Rutter188676151592
Kenneth S. Kendler1771327142251
Bernhard O. Palsson14783185051
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
Ming T. Tsuang14088573865
Patrick F. Sullivan13359492298
Martin B. Keller13154165069
Michael E. Thase13192375995
Benjamin F. Cravatt13166661932
Jian Zhou128300791402
Rena R. Wing12864967360
Linda R. Watkins12751956454
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202395
2022395
20213,658
20203,437
20193,039
20182,758