Showing papers by "Virginia Tech published in 1978"
TL;DR: The results indicate that two species of Spirillum lipoferum exist, and on the basis of their characteristics it is proposed that they be assigned to a new genus, Azospirillum.
Abstract: Sixty-one strains of the root-associated nitrogen fixer Spirillum lipoferum exhibited a similar morphology in peptone–succinate salts medium: vibrioid cells having a diameter of 1.0 μm. When grown ...
808 citations
TL;DR: The educational researcher's preference, understandably, is for criticism of the second kind as discussed by the authors, which is useful because it is pertinent to the research effort and directed to reparable defects and cannot be heeded because the remedy is unknown or because its implications are that the shop must be closed and a new calling found.
Abstract: uninformed or unintelligible. Criticism of the second kind is useful because it is pertinent to the research effort and directed to reparable defects. Criticism of the third kind, though apparently significant, cannot be heeded because the remedy is unknown or because its implications are that the shop must be closed and a new calling found. Except for some contributions in philosophy of science, educational researchers of my acquaintance place most philosophical criticism of their work in the first and third categories. Wolman (1971), for example, thought the deficiencies of philosophical criticism were serious enough to warrant an attempt by psychologists to build their own philosophy of science, rather than having to depend on the often misguided and destructive critiques of philosophers. Lazersfeld (1962) concluded that many philosopher-critics have no idea of the workaday world of the empirical researcher, and as one consequence the social scientist may "have to muddle along without benefit of the explicating clergy" (p. 470). The educational researcher's preference, understandably, is for criticism of the second kind. This kind of criticism can be met and resolved without radical
363 citations
TL;DR: In samples taken from various areas of the intestinal tract and in scrapings from the intestinal wall, the composition of the flora remained relatively constant from the ascending colon to the rectum, and the bacteria in feces do reflect the flora of the large colon.
254 citations
TL;DR: A simple protein determination method is described which gives a linear response from 0.05 to 3–4 mg/ml (or more) of protein and is suitable for dilute and dilute protein determination.
242 citations
TL;DR: Lower bounds on the mass of a light scalar (Higgs) or pseudoscalar (axion) particle are found in three ways: (1) by requiring that their effect on primordial nucleosynthesis not yield a deuterium abundance outside present experimental limits, (2) that the photons from their decay thermalize and not distort the microwave background, and (3) that their emission from helium burning stars (red giants) not disrupt stellar evolution as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Lower bounds on the mass of a light scalar (Higgs) or pseudoscalar (axion) particle are found in three ways: (1) by requiring that their effect on primordial nucleosynthesis not yield a deuterium abundance outside present experimental limits, (2) by requiring that the photons from their decay thermalize and not distort the microwave background, and (3) by requiring that their emission from helium-burning stars (red giants) not disrupt stellar evolution. The best bound is from (3); it requires the axion or Higgs-particle mass to be greater than about 0.2 MeV.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of Whitewater river recreationists in Dinosaur National Monument showed that persons who score more highly in certain experience expectations are more sensitive to crowding, that different expectations show varying sensitivities to crowdings and that various user groups differ significantly in the rated importance of these expectations.
Abstract: Carrying capacities for recreation have been difficult to determine because of the tendency to consider perception of crowding as a generalized human value. Rather, such perceptions are a function of the differing expectations people may have for given recreational experiences. A study of Whitewater river recreationists in Dinosaur National Monument showed that persons who score more highly in certain experience expectations are more sensitive to crowding, that different expectations show varying sensitivities to crowding and that various user groups differ significantly in the rated importance of these expectations. A wilderness attitude scale was also employed. Persons differing in their wilderness scores also differed significantly in the rated importance of the various experience expectations, as well as in their sensitivity to crowding. Implications for the management of recreational resources are discussed.
143 citations
136 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of penny-shaped cracks of various orientations on the thermal conductivity of solid materials was analyzed. But the effect was not studied in terms of the number of cracks.
Abstract: Expressions are derived for the effect of penny-shaped cracks of various orientations on the thermal conductivity of solid materials.
131 citations
01 Apr 1978
TL;DR: Lower bounds on the mass of a light scalar (Higgs) or pseudoscalar (axion) particle are found in three ways: (1) by requiring that their effect on primordial nucleosynthesis not yield a deuterium abundance outside present experimental limits, (2) that the photons from their decay thermalize and not distort the microwave background, and (3) that their emission from helium burning stars (red giants) not disrupt stellar evolution as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Lower bounds on the mass of a light scalar (Higgs) or pseudoscalar (axion) particle are found in three ways: (1) by requiring that their effect on primordial nucleosynthesis not yield a deuterium abundance outside present experimental limits, (2) by requiring that the photons from their decay thermalize and not distort the microwave background, and (3) by requiring that their emission from helium-burning stars (red giants) not disrupt stellar evolution. The best bound is from (3); it requires the axion or Higgs-particle mass to be greater than about 0.2 MeV.
128 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the major pricing decisions that must be made by managers, explain the current price decision models, and suggest the developments necessary before pricing decisions can become m...
Abstract: The authors review the major pricing decisions that must be made by managers, explain the current price decision models, and suggest the developments necessary before pricing decisions can become m...
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-empirical model was developed to describe the apparent viscosity of a cooking dough as a function of applied shear rate, temperature, and time-temperature history.
Abstract: A five parameter semi-empirical model is developed describing the apparent viscosity of a cooking dough as a function of applied shear rate, temperature, and time-temperature history. Such a model will be useful in the mathematical simulation of the extrusion cooking process.
Other factors which can affect the apparent viscosity of a cooking dough are also discussed. The viscosity model is verified and the constants evaluated for a typical dough by combining the results of Amylograph and capillary viscometer experiments.
TL;DR: The economic value of natural wetlands has had considerable impact on analyses and discussions of public policies concerning natural wetlands management as mentioned in this paper, however, these economic value estimates are neither conceptually nor empirically correct.
Abstract: Recent estimates by J. Gosselink, E. Odum, and R. Pope of the economic value of natural wetlands have had considerable impact on analyses and discussions of public policies concerning natural wetlands management. However, these economic value estimates are neither conceptually nor empirically correct. First, these workers failed to recognize the nature of the process by which economic values are determined and made an illegitimate marriage of the principles of systems ecology and economic theory. Second, where Gosselink et al. attempted to apply proper economic principles, their calculations resulted in economic value estimates that are most likely in error.
TL;DR: Four electrophoretically distinct endo-1,4-β- d -glucanases from Trichoderma viride have been identified and named as isozymes, Endoglucanase I, II, III and IV, according to their electrophoreic mobilities on polyacrylamide gels.
TL;DR: In this article, slow earthquakes provide a mechanism for stress redistribution before normal earthquakes, where stress concentration may take place just hours or days before an earthquake; if it did, this would affect prediction capability.
Abstract: Strainmeters with high sensitivity over long periods have enabled the detection and identification of slow earthquakes: seismic events which produce records similar to those from normal earthquakes except that the time scale for the rupture process is considerably longer. Slow earthquakes provide a mechanism for stress redistribution before normal earthquakes. Stress concentration may take place just hours or days before an earthquake; if it did, this would affect prediction capability.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the possible selection of tax instruments as a means of inducing a Leviathan-like government to provide the public goods and services that taxpayer-beneficiaries desire.
TL;DR: The fibrinolytic enzyme of Bact.
TL;DR: Endoglucanases II, III and IV from Trichoderma viride are highly active in degrading CM-cellulose or phosphoric acid swollen cellulose, and only slightly active on Avicel, but show a preference for internal glycosidic bonds of cellooligosaccharides.
TL;DR: The metabolic activity of the flora could be altered considerably by the amount and type of fiber in the diet, even though the composition ofThe flora itself remained unchanged.
TL;DR: It is suggested that organizational slack dictates necessary goodness of fit between structure and the interactive effects of contextual factors which, in turn, determine the nature of the relationship between strategy and structure.
Abstract: A theoretical model is developed in which it is hypothesized that the contingent nature of strategy rests on the relative level of organizational slack present. It is suggested that organizational slack dictates necessary goodness of fit between structure and the interactive effects of contextual factors which, in turn, determine the nature of the relationship between strategy and structure.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the storage capacity of the uterovaginal sperm-host glands can exceed the functional life span of stored spermatozoa following a normal insemination.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the selection rules for brittle structural ceramics subjected to severe thermal stress is presented for a total of twenty-two figures-of-merit.
TL;DR: A variant of the classical one-dimensional bin-packing problem, this work considers a class of algorithms and bound the performance of an arbitrary algorithm in that class and proposes an algorithm, the first-fit-increasing algorithm, and analyzes its running time and relative performance.
Abstract: We consider a variant of the classical one-dimensional bin-packing problem: The number of bins is fixed and the object is to maximize the number of pieces packed from some given set. Both problems have applications in processor and storage allocation in computer systems in addition to a broad application in operations research.
It can easily be shown that both problems are NP-complete; our approach will be to propose and analyze very fast heuristics. We consider a class of algorithms and bound the performance of an arbitrary algorithm in that class. Finally we propose an algorithm, the first-fit-increasing algorithm, and analyze its running time and relative performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was suggested that some of the deleterious effects on biological membranes which have been atributed to oxidation by superoxide may actually be the result of superoxide acting as a nucleophile.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of economic and social factors affecting the quantity and composition of household solid wastes is reported, and the weekly per capita and per household quantities of eleven selected household solid waste components are analyzed using regression equations.
TL;DR: In this article, the viscous shock-layer equations have been extended to treat blunt three-dimensional bodies at angle of attack, and numerical solutions have been obtained on sphere-cones at angles of attack up to 38 deg.
Abstract: The viscous shock-layer equations have been extended to treat blunt three-dimensional bodies at angle of attack. Numerical solutions have been obtained on sphere-cones at angles of attack up to 38 deg. Comparisons are made with available experimental data, inviscid solutions, and solutions of the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations. The experimental data consisted of heat-transfer distributions, pressure distributions, and drag coefficients in a Mach number range from 10-18, Reynolds numbers of the order 1.3 x 10 4/ft, and a from 0-40 deg. Two cases were compared with the parabolized Navier-Stokes solutions at Mach numbers of 22.77 and 25.81 and altitudes of 180 and 240 kft at angles of attack of 23 and 38 deg, respectively. In general, the shocklayer predictions were in good agreement with the available experimental and numerical data, but the parabolic treatment of the crossflow viscous shock-layer equations prevented solutions on the leeward side of long bodies at large angles of attack. cp C'
TL;DR: In this article, the meaning of the citation in science and in stratification theory has been investigated, whereby citations to individual sociologists and journals are employed to yield rankings of departments of sociology and journals.
Abstract: Interest in the structure and dynamics of sociology as a discipline has led to recurrent attempts to measure the prestige, productivity, and quality of education of the various sociology departments While several previous papers have suggested the potential value of the Science Citation Index (SCI) as a measure of scientific standing, few attempts have been made to utilize a citation-based measure of scientific prestige This paper considers the meaning of the citation in science and in stratification theory Procedures are described whereby citations to individual sociologists and journals are employed to yield rankings of departments of sociology and journals The differences between these rankings and other rankings are discussed
TL;DR: In this paper an algorithm is developed and computational experience provided for solving zero-one integer programs with many variables and few constraints.
TL;DR: In late Mesozoic, the deep oceanic waters may have been triggered into releasing vast amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in a chain reaction of climatic warming and carbon dioxide expulsion, which may be duplicated by human combustion of the fossil fuels and by forest clearing.
Abstract: The late Mesozoic rock and life records implicate short-term (up to 10(5) to 10(6) years) global warming resulting from carbon dioxide-induced "greenhouse" conditions in the late Maestrichtian extinctions that terminated the Mesozoic Era. Oxygen isotope data from marine microfossils suggest late Mesozoic climatic cooling into middle Maestrichtian, and warming thereafter into the Cenozoic. Animals adapting to climatic cooling could not adapt to sudden warming. Small calcareous marine organisms would have suffered solution effects of carbon dioxide-enriched waters; animals dependent upon them for food would also have been affected. The widespread terrestrial tropical floras would likely not have reflected effects of a slight climatic warming. In late Mesozoic, the deep oceanic waters may have been triggered into releasing vast amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in a chain reaction of climatic warming and carbon dioxide expulsion. These conditions may be duplicated by human combustion of the fossil fuels and by forest clearing.