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Showing papers by "Virginia Tech published in 1996"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new class of long-period fiber gratings that can be used as in-fiber, low-loss, band-rejection filters is presented.
Abstract: We present a new class of long-period fiber gratings that can be used as in-fiber, low-loss, band-rejection filters. Photoinduced periodic structures written in the core of standard communication-grade fibers couple light from the fundamental guided mode to forward propagating cladding modes and act as spectrally selective loss elements with insertion losses act as backreflections <-80 dB, polarization-mode-dispersions <0.01 ps and polarization-dependent-losses <0.02 dB.

1,696 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the dependency structure between wholesale-distributors and their major suppliers is posited to influence the type of contract that is used, and in turn, dependency structure and type of...
Abstract: The dependency structure between wholesale-distributors and their major suppliers is posited to influence the type of contract—explicit and normative—used. In turn, dependency structure and type of...

1,284 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel class of highly sensitive sensors based on long-period fiber gratings that can be implemented with simple and inexpensive demodulation schemes are presented.
Abstract: We present a novel class of highly sensitive sensors based on long-period fiber gratings that can be implemented with simple and inexpensive demodulation schemes. Temperature, strain, and refractive-index resolutions of 0.65 °C, 65.75 μ∈, and 7.69 × 10−5, respectively, are demonstrated for gratings fabricated in standard telecommunication fibers.

1,267 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A brief summary of the research activities in the field of organic/inorganic nanocomposite materials and a general background of the sol−gel chemistry are first given in this article.
Abstract: Organic/inorganic hybrid materials prepared by the sol−gel approach have rapidly become a fascinating new field of research in materials science. The explosion of activity in this area in the past decade has made tremendous progress in both the fundamental understanding of the sol−gel process and the development and applications of new organic/inorganic hybrid materials. In this review, a brief summary of the research activities in the field of organic/inorganic nanocomposite materials and a general background of the sol−gel chemistry are first given. The emphasis of this report, however, is placed on the synthesis, structure−property response, and potential applications of the organic/inorganic hybrid networks that possess chemical bonding between the organic and inorganic phases, particularly those systems that were developed in our laboratory since 1985.

1,088 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article conducted double-anonymous dictator experiments to explore the role of altruism in motivating subjects' behavior and concluded that subjects are rational in the way they incorporate fairness into their decisions.

850 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined whether corporate restructuring resulted in increased specialization at the industry level during the 1980s and found that aggregate industry specialization declined very slightly at both the four-digit and two-digit level between 1981 and 1989.
Abstract: It has been widely argued that the purpose of corporate restructuring during the 1980s was to produce a population of more industry-specialized, competitive firms in response to intensifying global competition. A number of studies show that corporate restructuring resulted in increased corporate focus during the 1980s. However, no study has yet examined whether corporate restructuring resulted in increased specialization at the industry level during the 1980s. This study examines this issue. First, we examine whether or not aggregate industry specialization increased during the 1980s. That is, we ask: did the average firm in any given U.S. industry become more or less specialized to that industry during the 1980s? Second, we examine whether corporate restructuring was a significant determinant of change in aggregate industry specialization during the 1980s. Using a sample of 686 four-digit SIC industries and 64 two-digit industry groups, this study finds that aggregate industry specialization declined very slightly at both the four-digit and two-digit level between 1981 and 1989. This study also finds that sell-offs of establishments through corporate control transactions or interfirm asset sales had no significant effect on aggregate industry specialization.

696 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
26 Jul 1996-Science
TL;DR: The repeated association during the late Neoproterozoic Era of large carbon-isotopic excursions, continental glaciation, and stratigraphically anomalous carbonate precipitation provides a framework for interpreting the reprise of these conditions on the Late Permian Earth.
Abstract: The repeated association during the late Neoproterozoic Era of large carbon-isotopic excursions, continental glaciation, and stratigraphically anomalous carbonate precipitation provides a framework for interpreting the reprise of these conditions on the Late Permian Earth. A paleoceanographic model that was developed to explain these stratigraphically linked phenomena suggests that the overturn of anoxic deep oceans during the Late Permian introduced high concentrations of carbon dioxide into surficial environments. The predicted physiological and climatic consequences for marine and terrestrial organisms are in good accord with the observed timing and selectivity of Late Permian mass extinction.

595 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theory was developed to correct mean-velocity profiles for the effects of wandering and to provide complete quantitative estimates of its amplitude and contributions to Reynolds stress fields.
Abstract: Experiments have been performed on the tip vortex trailing from a rectangular NACA 0012 half-wing. Preliminary studies showed the vortex to be insensitive to the introduction of a probe and subject only to small wandering motions. Meaningful velocity measurements could therefore be made using hot-wire probes.Detailed analysis of the effects of wandering was performed to properly reveal the flow structure in the core region and to give confidence in measurements made outside the core. A theory has been developed to correct mean-velocity profiles for the effects of wandering and to provide complete quantitative estimates of its amplitude and contributions to Reynolds stress fields. Spectral decomposition was found to be the most effective method of separating these contributions from velocity fluctuations due to turbulence.Outside the core the flow structure is dominated by the remainder of the wing wake which winds into an ever-increasing spiral. There is no large region of axisymmetric turbulence surrounding the core and little sign of turbulence generated by the rotational motion of the vortex. Turbulence stress levels vary along the wake spiral in response to the varying rates of strain imposed by the vortex. Despite this complexity, the shape of the wake spiral and its turbulent structure reach an approximately self-similar form.On moving from the spiral wake to the core the overall level of velocity fluctuations greatly increases, but none of this increase is directly produced by turbulence. Velocity spectra measured at the vortex centre scale in a manner that implies that the core is laminar and that velocity fluctuations here are a consequence of inactive motion produced as the core is buffeted by turbulence in the surrounding spiral wake. Mean-velocity profiles through the core show evidence of a two-layered structure that dies away with distance downstream.

525 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between push and pull motivations for overseas pleasure travel has been studied for a German sample of 1,212 respondents and the information generated from this analysis could provide significant insight and marketing advantage when segmenting travellers, designing promotional programs and packages, and in making decisions about destination product development.
Abstract: Evaluates a technique which allows the simultaneous examination of push and pull motivations. The relationship between these two motivations for overseas pleasure travel has been studied for a German sample of 1,212 respondents. Argues that the information generated from this analysis could provide significant insight and marketing advantage when segmenting travellers, designing promotional programmes and packages, and in making decisions about destination product development.

485 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Brenda W. Shirley1
TL;DR: These studies demonstrate the utility of flavonoid structures for a broad range of activities, and also highlight the value of the flavonoids pathway as a paradigm for studying the evolution of plant metabolism.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
28 Aug 1996
TL;DR: Surprisingly, the criteria used by several proxy-server removal policies are among the worst performing criteria in the authors' simulation; instead, replacing documents based on size maximizes hit rate in each of the studied workloads.
Abstract: World-Wide Web proxy servers that cache documents can potentially reduce three quantities: the number of requests that reach popular servers, the volume of network traffic resulting from document requests, and the latency that an end-user experiences in retrieving a document. This paper examines the first two using the measures of cache hit rate and weighted hit rate (or fraction of client-requested bytes returned by the proxy). A client request for an uncached document may cause the removal of one or more cached documents. Variable document sizes and types allow a rich variety of policies to select a document for removal, in contrast to policies for CPU caches or demand paging, that manage homogeneous objects. We present a taxonomy of removal policies. Through trace-driven simulation, we determine the maximum possible hit rate and weighted hit rate that a cache could ever achieve, and the removal policy that maximizes hit rate and weighted hit rate. The experiments use five traces of 37 to 185 days of client URL requests. Surprisingly, the criteria used by several proxy-server removal policies (LRU, Hyper-G, and a proposal by Pitkow and Recker) are among the worst performing criteria in our simulation; instead, replacing documents based on size maximizes hit rate in each of the studied workloads.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study demonstrate the value of SSRs as markers in genetic studies and breeding research in barley and to integrate them into an existing barley linkage map.
Abstract: Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), or microsatellites, are a new class of PCR-based DNA markers for genetic mapping. The objectives of the present study were to develop SSR markers for barley and to integrate them into an existing barley linkage map. DNA sequences containing SSRs were isolated from a barley genomic library and from public databases. It is estimated that the barley genome contains one (GA)n repeat every 330 kb and one (CA)n repeat every 620 kb. A total of 45 SSRs were identified and mapped to seven barley chromosomes using doubled-haploid lines and/or wheat-barley addition-line assays. Segregation analysis for 39 of these SSRs identified 40 loci. These 40 markers were placed on a barley linkage map with respect to 160 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and other markers. The results of this study demonstrate the value of SSRs as markers in genetic studies and breeding research in barley.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results from the breeding program indicate that recurrent restricted phenotypic selection could lead to development of new cultivars, and research has indicated that seed dormancy can be modified, resulting in increased seed germination and a greater number of switchgrass plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: At field-use rates, a neurotoxic effect of the ecdysteroid agonist RH-5849 is observed that involves blockage of both muscle and neuronal potassium channels, and the future use of ion channels as targets for chemical and genetically engineered insecticides is discussed.
Abstract: Ion channels are the primary target sites for several classes of natural and synthetic insecticidal compounds. The voltage-sensitive sodium channel is the major target site for DDT and pyrethroids, the veratrum alkaloids, andN-alkylamides. Recently, neurotoxic proteins from arthropod venoms, some of which specifically attack insect sodium channels, have been engineered into baculoviruses to act as biopesticides. The synthetic pyrazolines also primarily affect the sodium channel, although some members of this group target neuronal calcium channels as well. The ryanoids have also found use as insecticides, and these materials induce muscle contracture by irreversible activation of the calcium-release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The arylheterocycles (e.g. endosulfan and fipronil) are potent convulsants and insecticides that block the GABA-gated chloride channel. In contrast, the avermectins activate both ligand and voltage-gated chloride channels, which leads to paralysis. At field-use rates, a ne...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conserved N- or RPS2-homologous NBS sequences and their positional associations with mapped soybean-resistance genes suggest that a number of the soybean disease- Resistance genes may belong to this superfamily.
Abstract: The tobacco N and Arabidopsis RPS2 genes, among several recently cloned disease-resistance genes, share highly conserved structure, a nucleotide-binding site (NBS). Using degenerate oligonucleotide primers for the NBS region of N and RPS2, we have amplified and cloned the NBS sequences from soybean. Each of these PCR-derived NBS clones detected low-or moderate-copy soybean DNA sequences and belongs to 1 of 11 different classes. Sequence analysis showed that all PCR clones encode three motifs (P-loop, kinase-2, and kinase-3a) of NBS nearly identical to those in N and RPS2. The intervening region between P-loop and kinase-3a of the 11 classes has high (26% average) amino acid sequence similarity to the N gene although not as high (19% average) to RPS2. These 11 classes represent a superfamily of NBS-containing soybean genes that are homologous to N and RPS2. Each class or subfamily was assessed for its positional association with known soybean disease-resistance genes through near-isogenic line assays, followed by linkage analysis in F2 populations using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Five of the 11 subfamilies have thus far been mapped to the vicinity of known soybean genes for resistance to potyviruses (Rsv1 and Rpv), Phytophthora root rot (Rps1, Rps2, and Rps3), and powdery mildew (rmd). The conserved N- or RPS2-homologous NBS sequences and their positional associations with mapped soybean-resistance genes suggest that a number of the soybean disease-resistance genes may belong to this superfamily. The candidate subfamilies of NBS-containing genes identified by genetic mapping should greatly facilitate the molecular cloning of disease-resistance genes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the phyllites from the Archean Buhwa Greenstone Belt, Zimbabwe, were deposited on a stable cratonic platform and the results indicated that the source dominantly consisted of tonalite with less common occurrences mafic volcanic rocks and granite.

BookDOI
01 Dec 1996
TL;DR: The design of computer systems capable of understanding and effectively meeting human needs is of great importance to our economy and well-being as mentioned in this paper, and it is generally agreed by those who have studied design that we can greatly improve the ultimate systems by improving the way we go about designing them.
Abstract: From the Publisher: The design of computer systems capable of understanding and effectively meeting human needs is of great importance to our economy and well-being. It is generally agreed by those who have studied design that we can greatly improve the ultimate systems by improving the way we go about designing them. Researchers and practitioners in a variety of fields have been involved in this effort. The concept of design rationale, the why of designing, has emerged as a key to making design processes more intelligible and easier to deal with. Design rationale refers broadly to issues in the methods, documentation, and communication of design thinking. This book offers the most comprehensive account to date on research into design rationale. The authors report on leading-edge theory and empirical studies of the nature and use of design rationale. They also describe the significance of design rationale for creating design tools and for teaching designers. Finally, they discuss the nature of system design and the use of design rationale in real design settings in industry.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the applicability of thought self-leadership in an organizational setting (of bankruptcy financial status), and the potential for cognitions to be self-controlled was examined.
Abstract: Thought self-leadership involves employee self-influence through cognitive strategies that focus on individual self-dialogue, mental imagery, beliefs and assumptions, and thought patterns A training intervention-based field study with a control group was undertaken to empirically examine the applicability of thought self-leadership in an organizational setting (of bankruptcy financial status), and the potential for cognitions to be self-controlled Results suggested that individuals who received the thought self-leadership training experienced increased mental performance, positive affect (enthusiasm), job satisfaction, and decreased negative affect (nervousness) relative to those not receiving the training Additionally, the trainees reported a strong and positive reaction to the training Finally, those who received the training experienced enhanced perceptions of self-efficacy and more optimistic perceptions of the organization's bankruptcy condition than those not receiving the training

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Six types of metrics and models of software reuse and reusability are surveyed, and a classification structure is provided that will help users select them to improve productivity and quality.
Abstract: As organizations implement systematic software reuse programs to improve productivity and quality, they must be able to measure their progress and identify the most effective reuse strategies. This is done with reuse metrics and models. In this article we survey metrics and models of software reuse and reusability, and provide a classification structure that will help users select them. Six types of metrics and models are reviewed: cost-benefit models, maturity assessment models, amount of reuse metrics, failure modes models, reusability assessment models, and reuse library metrics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Blacksburg Electronic Village (BEV), in operation since October 1993, is a technologically advanced community network that helps facilitate interaction among individuals who are physically remote—in distributed work groups and interest groups.
Abstract: facilitate interaction among individuals who are physically remote—in distributed work groups and interest groups. Why would anyone want a network connection to their next-door neighbor? In fact, community networks are a big idea. Over the past 20 years, since the Community Memory project in Developing the Almost half the population of Blacksburg, Virginia are Internet veterans, having spent the past three years at the core of one of the most advanced community network projects in the U.S. Berkeley, Calif., the idea has caught on in hundreds of community networks across North America and the world. They provide forums for community discussion and access to government, public health information, economic development , and public education. In most cases, they started as outreach or service projects of universities , as initiatives of local governments, and as public interest projects of energetic citizens. They offer a unique vision of grassroots technology development [1–3, 5, 11]. In January 1994, we became professors at Vir-ginia Tech, residents of Blacksburg, Virginia, and participant-observers in the Blacksburg Electronic Village. This article is an overview of our observations, discussions, and projects within the local community network. The Blacksburg Electronic Village (BEV), in operation since October 1993, is a technologically advanced community network. The project was originally constituted as a partnership among the town of Blacksburg, Virginia Tech, and Bell Atlantic to improve community networking service to the level available on the Vir-ginia Tech campus. Bell Atlantic agreed to install a Number 5 ESS digital electronic switch and to run T1 ethernet to the public library as well as to several hundred apartments and some

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the fracture toughness and R-curve of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are studied based on the crack-bridging concept and a rule of mixtures.
Abstract: In this paper, the crack-tip fields in a general nonhomogeneous material are summarized. The fracture toughness and R-curve of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are studied based on the crack-bridging concept and a rule of mixtures. It is shown that the fracture toughness is significantly increased when a crack grows from the ceramic-rich region into the metal-rich region in an alumina-nickel FGM. By applying the concept of the toughening mechanism to the study of the strength behavior of FGMs, it is found that the residual strength of the alumina-nickel FGM with an edge crack on the ceramic side is quite notch insensitive.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: AFLP analysis of four soybean near-isogenic lines (NILs) identified three AFLP markers putatively linked to a virus resistance gene from two sources, illustrating the relatively low genetic diversity present in cultivated soybean.
Abstract: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a PCR-based technique capable of detecting more than 50 independent loci in a single PCR reaction. The objectives of the present study were to: (1) assess the extent of AFLP variation in cultivated (Gycine max L. Merr.) and wild soybean (G. soja Siebold & Zucc.), (2) determine genetic relationships among soybean accessions using AFLP data, and (3) evaluate the usefulness of AFLPs as genetic markers. Fifteen AFLP primer pairs detected a total of 759 AFLP fragments in a sample of 23 accessions of wild and cultivated soybean, with an average of 51 fragments produced per primer pair per accession. Two-hundred and seventy four fragments (36% of the total observed) were polymorphic, among which 127 (17%) were polymorphic in G. max and 237 (31%) were polymorphic in G. soja. F2 segregation analysis of six AFLP fragments indicated that they segregate as stable Mendelian loci. The number of polymorphic loci detected per AFLP primer pair in a sample of 23 accessions ranged from 9 to 27. The AFLP phenotypic diversity values were greater in wild than in cultivated soybean. Cluster and principal component analyses using AFLP data clearly separated G. max and G. soja accessions. Within the G. max group, adapted soybean cultivars were tightly clustered, illustrating the relatively low genetic diversity present in cultivated soybean. AFLP analysis of four soybean near-isogenic lines (NILs) identified three AFLP markers putatively linked to a virus resistance gene from two sources. The capacity of AFLP analysis to detect thousands of independent genetic loci with minimal cost and time requirements makes them an ideal marker for a wide array of genetic investigations.

Book
28 Feb 1996
TL;DR: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) provides a viable option to conventional and widely used Soxhlet extraction as mentioned in this paper. But, the ability to change the solvating power of a single supercritical fluid by changing its density is an exceedingly attractive feature and much research must be done in order to understand, optimize and apply this technology.
Abstract: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) provides for the first time a viable option to conventional and widely used Soxhlet extraction. The ability to change the solvating power of a single supercritical fluid by changing its density is an exceedingly attractive feature. An environmentally safe alternative such as supercritical carbon dioxide to organochlorine solvents which are widely used today in many government and industrial analytical laboratories for sample preparation is desirable. SFE may also constitute a viable alternative to other popular sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction and purge/trap. Much research, however, must be done in order to understand, optimize and apply this technology. For example, (a) automation of extraction, (b) matrix effects, (c) new fluids/modifiers/additives, (d) trapping efficiency, (e) recovery of extracted analytes, and (f) extraction kinetics are some areas which need a greater understanding. This review is concerned with many of these topics as they relate to trace organic analysis wherein SFE is the primary sample preparation technique.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the microwave reflection coefficient measurements at 1.9 GHz and 4.0 GHz for a variety of typical smooth and rough exterior building surfaces are presented, including walls composed of limestone blocks, glass, and brick.
Abstract: This paper presents microwave reflection coefficient measurements at 1.9 GHz and 4.0 GHz for a variety of typical smooth and rough exterior building surfaces. The measured test surfaces include walls composed of limestone blocks, glass, and brick. Reflection coefficients were measured by resolving individual reflected signal components temporally and spatially, using a spread-spectrum sliding correlation system with directional antennas. Measured reflection coefficients are compared to theoretical Fresnel reflection coefficients, applying Gaussian rough surface scattering corrections where applicable. Comparisons of theoretical calculations and measured test cases reveal that Fresnel reflection coefficients adequately predict the reflective properties of the glass and brick wall surfaces. The rough limestone block wall reflection measurements are shown to be bounded by the predictions using the Fresnel reflection coefficients for a smooth surface and the modified reflection coefficients using the Gaussian rough surface correction factors. A simple, but effective, reflection model for rough surfaces is proposed, which is in good agreement with propagation measurements at 1.9 GHz and 4 GHz for both vertical and horizontal antenna polarizations. These reflection coefficient models can be directly applied to the estimation of multipath signal strength in ray tracing algorithms for propagation prediction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Time of ovulation was determined for Holstein cows for estruses occurring spontaneously or those induced by PGF2 alpha or for those occurring spontaneously, and mean ovulation time relative to first mount was 27.6 +/- 5.4 h and was not different between spontaneous and induced estrus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Magnetorheological (MR) fluids consist of stable suspensions of magnetic particles in a carrying fluid as discussed by the authors, which is one of the direct influences on the mechanical properties of a magnetic fluid.
Abstract: Magnetorheological (MR) fluids consist of stable suspensions of magnetic particles in a carrying fluid. Magnetorheological effect is one of the direct influences on the mechanical properties of a f...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of morphological studies during long time melt crystallization and subsequent melting in poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK) were monitored via small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
Abstract: In this paper, we present results of morphological studies during long time melt crystallization and subsequent melting in poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (PEEK). Morphological changes were monitored via small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SAXS data were analyzed via a combination of the correlation and interface distribution functions. Our analysis indicates the following: (1) The semicrystalline morphology is best described by a three-phase, dual lamellar stack model. Stacks of a finite number of lamellae and interlamellar amorphous layers are separated from each other by interstack regions of amorphous material (liquid pockets). (2) Secondary crystallization occurs via the formation of secondary lamellar stacks within the liquid pockets. Secondary lamellae are thinner than primary lamellae (70 A vs 120 A), and the amorphous layer thicknesses are about 47 A in both stacks. (3) The low endotherm observed during a heating scan is associated with the melting of the secondary lamellae. (4) At room temperatu...

Book
E. Scott Geller1
15 Jun 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the importance of behavioral safety analysis and intervention in the context of human-behavior change, and propose a person-based approach to actively caring.
Abstract: ORIENTATION AND ALIGNMENT Choosing the Right Approach Selecting the Best Approach The Fallacy of Relying on Common Sense Start with Behavior Starting with Theory The Mission Statement Theory as a Map Behavior-Based vs. Person-Based Approaches Paradigm Shifts for Total Safety The Old Three Es Three New Es Shifting Paradigms Enduring Values HUMAN BARRIERS TO SAFETY The Complexity of People Fighting Human Nature Cognitive Failures Interpersonal Factors Sensation, Perception, and Perceived Risk An Example of Selective Sensation or Perception Perceived Risk Risk Compensation Stress vs. Distress What is Stress? Identifying Stressors Coping with Stressors Attributional Bias BEHAVIOR-BASED PSYCHOLOGY Basic Principles Primacy of Behavior Direct Assessment and Evaluation Intervention by Managers and Peers Learning from Experience Defining Critical Behaviors The DO IT Process Defining Target Behaviors Observing Behavior Two Basic Approaches Behavioral Safety Analysis Reducing Behavioral Discrepancy Behavior-Based Safety Training Intervention and the Flow of Behavior Change BEHAVIOR-BASED INTERVENTION Intervening with Activators Principle #1: Specify Behavior Principle #2: Maintain Salience with Novelty Principle #3: Vary the Message Principle #4: Involve the Target Audience Principle #5: Activate Close to Response Opportunity Principle #6: Implicate Consequences Intervening with Consequences The Power of Consequences Managing Consequences for Safety "Dos" and "Don'ts" of Safety Rewards Intervening as a Behavior-Change Agent Selecting an Intervention Approach Intervening as a Safety Coach The Safety Coaching Process What Can a Safety Coach Achieve? Self Appraisal of Coaching Skills Intervening with Supportive Conversation The Power of Conversation The Art of Improving Conversation Conversation for Safety Management Recognizing Safety Achievement Receiving Recognition Well Quality Safety Celebrations Choosing the Best Management Conversation ACTIVELY CARING FOR SAFETY Understanding Actively Caring What is Actively Caring? The Psychology of Actively Caring Deciding to Actively Care A Consequence Analysis of Actively Caring The Power of Context The Person-Based Approach to Actively Caring Actively Caring From the Inside Measuring Actively Caring States Theoretical Support for the Actively Caring Model Research Support for the Actively Caring Model Actively Caring and Emotional Intelligence Increasing Actively Caring Behaviors Enhancing the Actively Caring Person States The Power of Choice Directly Increasing Actively Caring Behaviors The Reciprocity Principle Commitment and Consistency PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Promoting High-Performance Teamwork Paradigm Shifts for Teamwork When Teams Don't Work Well Cultivating High-Performance Teamwork The Developmental Stages of Teamwork Evaluating for Continuous Improvement Measuring the Right Stuff Developing a Comprehensive Evaluation Process Cooking Numbers for Evaluation Evaluating Costs and Benefits You Cannot Measure Everything Obtaining and Maintaining Involvement Starting the Process Cultivating Continuous Support Overcoming Resistance to Change Planning for Safety Generalization Building and Sustaining Momentum Reviewing the Principles The 50 Principles Subject Index Name Index Each chapter also includes In Conclusion and Reference sections.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of gene expression in etiolated seedlings exposed to white light and in two putative regulatory mutants demonstrated that the Arabidopsis F3H gene is coordinately expressed with chalcone synthase and chal cone isomerase in seedlings, whereas dihydroflavonol reductase expression is controlled by distinct regulatory mechanisms.
Abstract: A genomic clone encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The deduced amino acid sequence is 72 to 94% identical to all previously reported F3H proteins. Low-stringency DNA blot analysis indicated that F3H is encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis. The F3H locus was mapped to the bottom of chromosome 3 and therefore does not correspond to any of the 13 flavonoid-deficient transparent testa mutants for which a map position is known. Analysis of gene expression in etiolated seedlings exposed to white light and in two putative regulatory mutants, ttg and tt8, demonstrated that the Arabidopsis F3H gene is coordinately expressed with chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase in seedlings, whereas dihydroflavonol reductase expression is controlled by distinct regulatory mechanisms. The F3H gene may represent a pivotal point in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis because its expression is coordinated with different subsets of genes in different plant species.