Volkswagen

About: Volkswagen is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Internal combustion engine & Exhaust gas. The organization has 12979 authors who have published 15878 publications receiving 103846 citations. The organization is also known as: VW & Volkswagen cars.

Towards fully autonomous driving: Systems and algorithms

Abstract: In order to achieve autonomous operation of a vehicle in urban situations with unpredictable traffic, several realtime systems must interoperate, including environment perception, localization, planning, and control. In addition, a robust vehicle platform with appropriate sensors, computational hardware, networking, and software infrastructure is essential.

Survey of Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

Abstract: Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), and particularly pedestrian protection systems (PPSs), have become an active research area aimed at improving traffic safety. The major challenge of PPSs is the development of reliable on-board pedestrian detection systems. Due to the varying appearance of pedestrians (e.g., different clothes, changing size, aspect ratio, and dynamic shape) and the unstructured environment, it is very difficult to cope with the demanded robustness of this kind of system. Two problems arising in this research area are the lack of public benchmarks and the difficulty in reproducing many of the proposed methods, which makes it difficult to compare the approaches. As a result, surveying the literature by enumerating the proposals one--after-another is not the most useful way to provide a comparative point of view. Accordingly, we present a more convenient strategy to survey the different approaches. We divide the problem of detecting pedestrians from images into different processing steps, each with attached responsibilities. Then, the different proposed methods are analyzed and classified with respect to each processing stage, favoring a comparative viewpoint. Finally, discussion of the important topics is presented, putting special emphasis on the future needs and challenges.

Twin Problems of Interfacial Carbonate Formation in Nonaqueous Li-O2 Batteries.

Abstract: We use XPS and isotope labeling coupled with differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) to show that small amounts of carbonates formed during discharge and charge of Li–O2 cells in ether electrolytes originate from reaction of Li2O2 (or LiO2) both with the electrolyte and with the C cathode. Reaction with the cathode forms approximately a monolayer of Li2CO3 at the C–Li2O2 interface, while reaction with the electrolyte forms approximately a monolayer of carbonate at the Li2O2–electrolyte interface during charge. A simple electrochemical model suggests that the carbonate at the electrolyte–Li2O2 interface is responsible for the large potential increase during charging (and hence indirectly for the poor rechargeability). A theoretical charge-transport model suggests that the carbonate layer at the C–Li2O2 interface causes a 10–100 fold decrease in the exchange current density. These twin “interfacial carbonate problems” are likely general and will ultimately have to be overcome to produce a high...