Showing papers by "Waseda University published in 1975"
TL;DR: In this article, an interpolymer complex was prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and of a poly(carboxylic acid), i.e., poly(acrylic acid)(PAA), poly(methacric acrylic acid)(PMAA), or styrene-maleic acid copolymer(PSMA).
Abstract: An interpolymer complex was prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and of a poly(carboxylic acid), i.e., poly(acrylic acid)(PAA), poly(methacrylic acid)(PMAA), or styrene-maleic acid copolymer(PSMA). The complexation mechanism was discussed on the basis of results of such experimental methods as viscosity, potentiometric titration, and turbidimetry. The hydrogen bond is primarily involved in these complexations, but the influence of hydrophobic interaction on complexation can not be ignored. If the degree of dissociation α of carboxylic acid or the degree of polymerization Pn of PEO was perceptibly changed, a stable complex was obtained at about α 0.1 or Pn(PEO) = 40 for PMAA, 200 for PAA. This fact indicates that more than a definite number of binding sites are necessary for a stable interpolymer complex to be formed and that cooperative interaction among active sites plays an important role in complex formation.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the average energy per ion pair formed in liquid xenon by internal-conversion electrons was measured and the voltage pulses resulting from electron collection either in liquid Xenon or in a gaseous mixture of argon (95%) and methane (5%).
Abstract: Measurements were made of the average energy $W$ per ion pair formed in liquid xenon by internal-conversion electrons from $^{207}\mathrm{Bi}$. We observed voltage pulses resulting from electron collection either in liquid xenon or in a gaseous mixture of argon (95%) and methane (5%). The relative pulse heights for the two materials determine the ratio of the $W$ values. Using the known $W$ for the gaseous mixture, we obtained a liquid-xenon $W$ of 15.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.3 eV. This value is considerably smaller than the gas-phase values, 21.5 or 21.9 eV. For interpretation, we adapted Platzman's energy-balance equation to liquids, assuming a conduction-band picture. Theoretical values thus calculated agree well with experiment.
133 citations
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the drift velocities of electrons, the saturation characteristics of ionization and the W -values for internal conversion electrons emitted from 207 Bi in liquid argon, liquid gas mixtures and liquid xenon have been measured by using gridded ionization chambers.
90 citations
01 Jan 1975
60 citations
TL;DR: A 1g and B2g phonon Raman lines with frequencies of ≈ 560 cm-1 in YCrO3 and GdCrO 3 were analyzed in this paper, and the contribution of the volume exchange striction to the frequency shift was estimated to be about 30 to 40 percent for the A1g and b2g lines, respectively.
56 citations
TL;DR: Injections of prolactin in combination with testosterone propionate (TP) to hypophysectomized or hypophy sectomized and castrated newts enhanced the development of tubular cells and secretion in the cloacal gland.
53 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the chicken adenohypophysis contains two kinds of gonadotropins which are homologous to mammalian FSH and LH both in their action on the testis and in their behavior chromatographically.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactivity of phenols in the Cu complex catalyzed oxidation was studied by measuring the oxidation rate, the rate constant of the electron transfer step (Ke), and the reduction potential of the CU complex (Ered).
Abstract: The reactivity of phenols in the Cu complex catalyzed oxidation was studied by measuring the oxidation rate, the rate constant of the electron-transfer step (Ke), and the reduction potential of the Cu complex (Ered). Linear relationships were observed between log Ke and the logarithm of the oxidation rate, Ered, and Hammett's σ value of the phenol. The larger Ke values were obtained in the oxidation of the e-conjugated 2,6-diphenylphenol, and in the oxidations with the Cu complexes involving pyridine derivatives. It was found that for each case there is a most suitable pair of a Cu catalyst and a phenol to produce a polymeric phenylether in high yield, i.e. an oxidation product is predictable from Ered of the catalyst and the σ value of the phenol. On the other hand, p-substituted phenols could be polymerized only by strong oxidizing agents.
Die Reaktivitat von Phenolen bei der mit Cu-Komplexen katalysierten Oxidation wurde durch Messung der Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit, der Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Elektronenubertragung (Ke) und des Reduktionspotentials des Cu-Komplexes (Ered) untersucht. Lineare Beziehungen wurden zwischen log Ke und dem Logarithmus der Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit, Ered, und dem Hammettschen σ-Wert des Phenols beobachtet. Die Ke-Werte waren groser fur die Oxidation des π-konjugierten 2,6-Diphenylphenols und fur die Oxidation mit den Cu-Komplexen der Pyridinderivate. Es wurde gefunden, das es jeweils ein gunstigstes Katalysator-Phenol-Paar gibt, um einen Polyphenylather in hoher Ausbeute zu gewinnen. Das Oxidationsprodukt wird durch Ered des Katalysators und den σ-Wert des Phenols bestimmt. Dagegen konnten p-substituierte Phenole nur mit kraftigen Oxidationsmitteln polymerisiert werden.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the coordination number of a poly- l -lysine complex was two, but those of other polymer ligand complexes were one, which indicated that the polymer effects were caused by the increment of the local ligand concentration around the polymer chain.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of a positively charged macromolecular matrix.
Abstract: Radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of a positively charged macromolecular matrix was studied. In the presence of a matrix, the rates of polymerization were remarkably increased, especially in high pH region. This suggests that electrostatic interaction between the macromolecular matrix and the growing chains and/or the monomer molecules plays an important role in the process of polymerization reaction. The kinetic orders were greatly influenced by the relative matrix concentration (PC) as follows: for (PC)0 > [M]0, Rp = k[M]0.9 [PC]0.3 [I]0.8≤ [M]0Rp = k[M]0.3[PC]0[I]0,8 where [M] and [I] are monomer and initiator concentration, respectively, and k is a constant. The mechanism of the interaction of matrix with monomer and/or growing chains in the process of the propagation is discussed. The complex formed in the matrix polymerization could be easily made into fiber by spinning.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that 20~70% of the users agree with the following conclusions: "Tiは 製鋼過程において脱酸を始め" and "Tiの 挙動を知ること
Abstract: Tiは 製鋼過程において脱酸を始め と して種 々の 目的 で添加 され,ま た高炉操業2お いては含Ti鉱 石 の使用 され ることがあ り,溶 鋼溶銑中のTiの 挙動を知ること は重要な問題で ある.ま た合金鉄では20~70wt%Tiの フェロチタンの製造が行なわれ てお り,溶 融Fe-Ti合 金 のTiの 高濃度 におけ る熱 力学的性質 を知 ることも重要 で ある.し か しこれ まで溶融Fe-Ti合 金 についての熱力 学的研究はTiの 低濃度 におけ るものが多 く,報 告され ている値に もかな りの相違がみ られ,ま た最近に至 るま で この溶融合 金の全組成範囲にわたる活量の測定は行な われていなかつた.こ の ような系の全組成範囲にわたる 測定 に対 しては クヌー ドセンセルー質量分析法の 適用が 考 えられるが,Tiの 蒸気圧が低 い とい う問題に加えて, Tiが きわめて 酸 化 しやすい こと2起 因する 種 々の実験
TL;DR: In this article, the field equations and conservation laws in the Einstein-Cartan-Weyl space-time are obtained by postulating the invariance of a Lagrangian both under local Poincare and local scale transformations.
Abstract: The field equations and the conservation laws in the Einstein-Cartan-Weyl space-time are obtained by postulating the invariance of a Lagrangian both under local Poincare and local scale transformations. The results are rewritten in terms of field variables with gauge weight 0, and are compared with Kibble’s ones.
TL;DR: Observations suggests that the rod photoreceptor disc membrane is expanded radially about 1% during bleaching, which means that the dissolved rhodopsin molecule is somewhat expanded by the bleaching of its chromophore.
TL;DR: In this article, the growth of CdTe thin films has been studied by epitaxial processes on the cleavage surface of rock salt in vacuum, using electron microscopic and electron diffraction techniques.
TL;DR: Advantages of enzyme activation over changes in enzyme distribution upon fertilization were discussed as a mechanism for the fertilization-induced activation of glycolysis.
TL;DR: Iron—protoporphyrin IX was bound to poly(vinylpyridine) and poly(vinylimidazole) at the axial site of the iron atom, so that an oxygen complex remained stable even in an aqueous solution.
Abstract: Iron—protoporphyrin IX was bound to poly(vinylpyridine) and poly(vinylimidazole) at the axial site of the iron atom. The equilibrium constant for the complexation of heme with the polymeric ligand is 102 times as large as that of the monomeric analogue. Such a polymeric hemochrome can take up molecular oxygen (O2) more rapidly than does the corresponding monomeric hemochrome. The degree of oxygen saturation of the polymer complex is appreciably higher than that of the monomer complex.The rate constant of oxygenation in water (ka\\simeq10 sec−1) is much larger than that in an organic solvent (ka\\simeq10−4sec−1). The rate constant (ka) at the adsorption step is appreciably affected by the conformational change of the polymer ligand; ka is enhanced by about 10 times under the optimal conditions.On the other hand, the rate constant (kd) at the decomposition step of the oxygen complex is drastically affected by the environment around an active site. Upon adding an appropriate agent such as a salt, poly electrolyte, or surface-active agent, kd decreased drastically with increasing concentration of additives, so that an oxygen complex remained stable even in an aqueous solution.
01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this paper, an e.r.s. study of γ-irradiated isotactic (i-) and atactic (a-) polypropylene (PP) was carried out and the difference in the hyperfine structure between the spectrum of i-PP and that of a-PP can be explained by different radical conformations owing to the stereoregularity.
TL;DR: Calculation of the mass action ratio from the amounts of glycolytic intermediates determined suggests that there are at least three limiting enzymes in the gly colytic system in unfertilized and fertilized eggs of each species examined, and phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase may be rate-limiting enzymes for the Glycolysis system in Urechis eggs as well as in oyster eggs.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the nature of metal ions on internal vibrations of sulfate ions as well as lattice vibrations was examined, and the selection rules derived from site group analyses were found to be applicable to librational modes even when internal vibrations did not observably reflect site symmetry effects.
TL;DR: In this paper, an average axial ratio was defined to describe the shape of the stiff chains and calculated using Tagami's model for stiff chains in dilute solution, and it was found that the average Axial Ratio is approximately proportional to λL in the stiff-chain region, where 1/2λ is the persistence length and L is the contour length.
Abstract: The shape of stiff chains in dilute solution was considered. An average axial ratio was defined to describe the shape of the stiff chains and calculated using Tagami’s model for stiff chains. It was found that the average axial ratio is approximately proportional to λL in the stiff-chain region, where 1/2λ is the persistence length and L is the contour length of the chain. The limiting behavior agrees with Kuhn’s result for a random chain.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the induction phenomenon in the exchange of energies of normal modes found by computer experiments is an inherent property of the anharmonic lattice vibration and its behavior obeys the time reversal even after the elapse of the induction period.
Abstract: It is shown that the induction phenomenon in the exchange of energies of normal modes found by computer experiments is an inherent property of the anharmonic lattice vibration and its behavior obeys the time reversal even after the elapse of the induction period. The instability of the normal modes when one mode is excited initially is related to the induction phenomenon, and is discussed by the application of the instability region of the Mathieu function. The exponential orbital separation is also shown to take place after the elapse of the induction period. This guarantees the C-property of the anharmonic lattice vibration.
TL;DR: In this article, a large area circular position sensitive Si(Li) detectors of 70 mm in diameter were developed, and the linear relation between output signals and incident positions was shown to be in good agreement with the result of electrolytic bath experiments.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the dielectric dispersion observed above the transition temperature is attributed to a rotational motion only of a few monomeric units between two bonds undergoing rotation.
Abstract: Dielectric transition similar to that found in poly(vinyl acetate) solution was also observed in dioxane solution of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly ( p -chlorostyrene) in carbon tetrachloride. It is shown that the dielectric dispersion observed above the transition temperature is attributed to a rotational motion only of a few monomeric units between two bonds undergoing rotation. On the other hand, below the transition temperature, the chain motion is subject to restriction caused by some intrachain interaction and a large number of the monomeric units must move together because of that interaction. Measurements of the intrinsic viscosity on poly(vinyl acetate) in carbon tetrachloride and poly(vinyl chloride) in dioxane show that the transition is a conformational transition from a loosely coiled chain molecule to a compact chain molecule. It is shown that the transition is a kind of globule-coil transition suggested theoretically by some authors.