Showing papers by "Waseda University published in 2012"
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TL;DR: In this article, a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented, which has a significance of 5.9 standard deviations, corresponding to a background fluctuation probability of 1.7×10−9.
9,282 citations
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TL;DR: The second Fermi-LAT catalog (2FGL) as mentioned in this paper includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits in terms either power-law, exponentially cutoff power law, or log-normal forms.
Abstract: We present the second catalog of high-energy γ-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), derived from data taken during the first 24 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. Source detection is based on the average flux over the 24 month period. The second Fermi-LAT catalog (2FGL) includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits in terms of power-law, exponentially cutoff power-law, or log-normal forms. Also included are flux measurements in five energy bands and light curves on monthly intervals for each source. Twelve sources in the catalog are modeled as spatially extended. We provide a detailed comparison of the results from this catalog with those from the first Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL). Although the diffuse Galactic and isotropic models used in the 2FGL analysis are improved compared to the 1FGL catalog, we attach caution flags to 162 of the sources to indicate possible confusion with residual imperfections in the diffuse model. The 2FGL catalog contains 1873 sources detected and characterized in the 100 MeV to 100 GeV range of which we consider 127 as being firmly identified and 1171 as being reliably associated with counterparts of known or likely γ-ray-producing source classes.
1,541 citations
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TL;DR: The superior electrical performance and excellent pliability of MoS(2) films make them suitable for use in large-area flexible electronics.
Abstract: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) thin-film transistors were fabricated with ion gel gate dielectrics. These thin-film transistors exhibited excellent band transport with a low threshold voltage (<1 V), high mobility (12.5 cm(2)/(V·s)) and a high on/off current ratio (10(5)). Furthermore, the MoS(2) transistors exhibited remarkably high mechanical flexibility, and no degradation in the electrical characteristics was observed when they were significantly bent to a curvature radius of 0.75 mm. The superior electrical performance and excellent pliability of MoS(2) films make them suitable for use in large-area flexible electronics.
785 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a grid of models is created by varying within observational limits the distribution of cosmic-ray sources, the size of the cosmicray confinement volume (halo), and distribution of interstellar gas.
Abstract: The gamma-ray sky >100 MeV is dominated by the diffuse emissions from interactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas and radiation fields of the Milky Way. Observations of these diffuse emissions provide a tool to study cosmic-ray origin and propagation, and the interstellar medium. We present measurements from the first 21 months of the Fermi-LAT mission and compare with models of the diffuse gamma-ray emission generated using the GALPROP code. The models are fitted to cosmic-ray data and incorporate astrophysical input for the distribution of cosmic-ray sources, interstellar gas and radiation fields. To assess uncertainties associated with the astrophysical input, a grid of models is created by varying within observational limits the distribution of cosmic-ray sources, the size of the cosmic-ray confinement volume (halo), and the distribution of interstellar gas. An all-sky maximum-likelihood fit is used to determine the Xco-factor, the ratio between integrated CO-line intensity and molecular hydrogen column density, the fluxes and spectra of the gamma-ray point sources from the first Fermi-LAT catalogue, and the intensity and spectrum of the isotropic background including residual cosmic rays that were misclassified as gamma rays, all of which have some dependency on the assumed diffuse emission model. The models are compared on the basis of their maximum likelihood ratios as well as spectra, longitude, and latitude profiles. We also provide residual maps for the data following subtraction of the diffuse emission models. The models are consistent with the data at high and intermediate latitudes but under-predict the data in the inner Galaxy for energies above a few GeV. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed, including the contribution by undetected point source populations and spectral variations of cosmic rays throughout the Galaxy.
686 citations
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TL;DR: Nanoporous carbons with high surface area are achieved through direct carbonization of a commercially available zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) without any additional carbon sources.
604 citations
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TL;DR: Nanoporous carbon shows much higher porosity than other carbon materials (such as activated carbons and mesoporous carbons) and exhibits superior sensing capabilities toward toxic aromatic substances.
Abstract: Nanoporous carbon (NPC) is prepared by direct carbonization of Al-based porous coordination polymers (Al-PCP). By applying the appropriate carbonization temperature, both high surface area and large pore volume are realized for the first time. Our NPC shows much higher porosity than other carbon materials (such as activated carbons and mesoporous carbons). This new type of carbon material exhibits superior sensing capabilities toward toxic aromatic substances.
576 citations
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TL;DR: A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC using datasets corresponding to integrated luminosities from 1.04 fb(-1) to 4.9 fb(1) of pp collisions is described in this paper.
572 citations
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TL;DR: The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the FermI Gamma-ray Space Telescope (fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy \gamma-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT, hereafter LAT), the primary instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy \gamma-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV. During the first years of the mission the LAT team has gained considerable insight into the in-flight performance of the instrument. Accordingly, we have updated the analysis used to reduce LAT data for public release as well as the Instrument Response Functions (IRFs), the description of the instrument performance provided for data analysis. In this paper we describe the effects that motivated these updates. Furthermore, we discuss how we originally derived IRFs from Monte Carlo simulations and later corrected those IRFs for discrepancies observed between flight and simulated data. We also give details of the validations performed using flight data and quantify the residual uncertainties in the IRFs. Finally, we describe techniques the LAT team has developed to propagate those uncertainties into estimates of the systematic errors on common measurements such as fluxes and spectra of astrophysical sources.
569 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, detailed measurements of the electron performance of the ATLAS detector at the LHC were reported, using decays of the Z, W and J/psi particles.
Abstract: Detailed measurements of the electron performance of the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported, using decays of the Z, W and J/psi particles. Data collected in 2010 at root s = 7 TeV are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of almost 40 pb(-1). The inter-alignment of the inner detector and the electromagnetic calorimeter, the determination of the electron energy scale and resolution, and the performance in terms of response uniformity and linearity are discussed. The electron identification, reconstruction and trigger efficiencies, as well as the charge misidentification probability, are also presented.
505 citations
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TL;DR: The results suggest that reduced GR expression and altered BDNF function may be involved in chronic stress-induced anxiety--and depression-like behaviors.
Abstract: Stress and the resulting increase in glucocorticoid levels have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. We investigated the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS: 6 hours × 28 days) on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats and on the possible changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent neural function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We observed significant reductions in body weight gain, food intake and sucrose preference from 1 week after the onset of CRS. In the 5th week of CRS, we conducted open-field (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM) and forced swim tests (FST). We observed a decrease in the number of entries into open arms during the EPM (anxiety-like behavior) and increased immobility during the FST (depression-like behavior). When the PFC was removed after CRS and subject to western blot analysis, the GR expression reduced compared with control, while the levels of BDNF and its receptors remained unchanged. Basal glutamate concentrations in PFC acute slice which were measured by high performance liquid chromatography were not influenced by CRS. However, BDNF-induced glutamate release was attenuated after CRS. These results suggest that reduced GR expression and altered BDNF function may be involved in chronic stress-induced anxiety--and depression-like behaviors.
478 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a Fourier analysis of the charged particle pair distribution in relative azimuthal angle (Delta phi = phi(a)-phi(b)) is performed to extract the coefficients v(n,n) =.
Abstract: Differential measurements of charged particle azimuthal anisotropy are presented for lead-lead collisions at root sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, based on an integrated luminosity of approximately 8 mu b(-1). This anisotropy is characterized via a Fourier expansion of the distribution of charged particles in azimuthal angle relative to the reaction plane, with the coefficients v(n) denoting the magnitude of the anisotropy. Significant v(2)-v(6) values are obtained as a function of transverse momentum (0.5 = 3 are found to vary weakly with both eta and centrality, and their p(T) dependencies are found to follow an approximate scaling relation, v(n)(1/n)(p(T)) proportional to v(2)(1/2)(p(T)), except in the top 5% most central collisions. A Fourier analysis of the charged particle pair distribution in relative azimuthal angle (Delta phi = phi(a)-phi(b)) is performed to extract the coefficients v(n,n) = . For pairs of charged particles with a large pseudorapidity gap (|Delta eta = eta(a) - eta(b)| > 2) and one particle with p(T) < 3 GeV, the v(2,2)-v(6,6) values are found to factorize as v(n,n)(p(T)(a), p(T)(b)) approximate to v(n) (p(T)(a))v(n)(p(T)(b)) in central and midcentral events. Such factorization suggests that these values of v(2,2)-v(6,6) are primarily attributable to the response of the created matter to the fluctuations in the geometry of the initial state. A detailed study shows that the v(1,1)(p(T)(a), p(T)(b)) data are consistent with the combined contributions from a rapidity-even v(1) and global momentum conservation. A two-component fit is used to extract the v(1) contribution. The extracted v(1) isobserved to cross zero at pT approximate to 1.0 GeV, reaches a maximum at 4-5 GeV with a value comparable to that for v(3), and decreases at higher p(T).
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TL;DR: A facile route to the fabrication of uniform-sized Prussian blue (PB) hollow particles by utilizing a controlled self-etching reaction in the presence of PVP, succeeded in the formation of an interior hollow cavity with the retention of the original PB crystallinity.
Abstract: A facile route has been found to prepare Prussian blue (PB) hollow particles with a cubic shape (see picture). With PB mesocrystals used as a starting material, hollow interiors were created through controlled chemical etching in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone). The hollow cavities and particle sizes could be tuned by changing the synthetic conditions, and the original PB crystallinity was preserved even after formation of interior hollows.
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TL;DR: The ATLAS trigger system as discussed by the authors selects events by rapidly identifying signatures of muon, electron, photon, tau lepton, jet, and B meson candidates, as well as using global event signatures, such as missing transverse energy.
Abstract: Proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV and heavy ion collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 2.76 TeV were produced by the LHC and recorded using the ATLAS experiment's trigger system in 2010. The LHC is designed with a maximum bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz and the ATLAS trigger system is designed to record approximately 200 of these per second. The trigger system selects events by rapidly identifying signatures of muon, electron, photon, tau lepton, jet, and B meson candidates, as well as using global event signatures, such as missing transverse energy. An overview of the ATLAS trigger system, the evolution of the system during 2010 and the performance of the trigger system components and selections based on the 2010 collision data are shown. A brief outline of plans for the trigger system in 2011 is presented.
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TL;DR: Sutureless, endoscopic transplantation of carrier-free cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelial cells safely and effectively promotes re-epithelialization of the esophagus after ESD.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on a systematic study of the effects of interface on the thermal conductivity of highly filled epoxy composites, where six kinds of surface treated and as received AlN particles are used as fillers.
Abstract: The interface between filler and matrix has long been a critical problem that affects the thermal conductivity of polymer composites. The effects of the interface on the thermal conductivity of the composite with low filler loading are well documented, whereas the role of the interface in highly filled polymer composites is not clear. Here we report on a systematic study of the effects of interface on the thermal conductivity of highly filled epoxy composites. Six kinds of surface treated and as received AlN particles are used as fillers. Three kinds of treated AlN are functionalized by silanes, i.e., amino, epoxy, and mercapto group terminated silanes. Others are functionalized by three kinds of materials, i.e., polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), hyperbranched polymer, and graphene oxide (GO). An intensive study was made to clarify how the variation of the modifier would affect the microstructure, density, interfacial adhesion, and thus the final thermal conductivity of the composites. It was f...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined a sample of 69 dwarf, spiral, and luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies at photon energies 0.1-100 GeV using 3 years of data collected by the LAT on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi).
Abstract: Recent detections of the starburst galaxies M82 and NGC 253 by gamma-ray telescopes suggest that galaxies rapidly forming massive stars are more luminous at gamma-ray energies compared to their quiescent relatives. Building upon those results, we examine a sample of 69 dwarf, spiral, and luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies at photon energies 0.1-100 GeV using 3 years of data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi). Measured fluxes from significantly detected sources and flux upper limits for the remaining galaxies are used to explore the physics of cosmic rays in galaxies.We find further evidence for quasi-linear scaling relations between gamma-ray luminosity and both radio continuum luminosity and total infrared luminosity which apply both to quiescent galaxies of the Local Group and low-redshift starburst galaxies (conservative P-values 0.05 accounting for statistical and systematic uncertainties). The normalizations of these scaling relations correspond to luminosity ratios of log(L0.1-100 GeV/L1.4 GHz) = 1.7 ± 0.1(statistical) ± 0.2(dispersion) and log(L0.1-100 GeV/L8-1000μm) = −4.3 ± 0.1(statistical) ± 0.2(dispersion) for a galaxy with a star formation rate of 1M yr−1, assuming a Chabrier initial mass function. Using the relationship between infrared luminosity and gamma-ray luminosity, the collective intensity of unresolved star-forming galaxies at redshifts 0 < z < 2.5 above 0.1 GeV is estimated to be 0.4-2.4 ×10−6 ph cm−2 s−1 sr−1 (4%-23% of the intensity of the isotropic diffuse component measured with the LAT).We anticipate that∼10 galaxies could be detected by their cosmic-ray-induced gamma-ray emission during a 10 year Fermi mission.
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TL;DR: The laboratory has developed a fabrication system for functional 3D tissues by stacking cell sheets of confluent cultured cells detached from a temperature-responsive culture dish and it is possible to fabricate other tissues, such as 3D tissue from endothelial cells sandwiched between layered cell sheets.
Abstract: The fabrication of 3D tissues retaining the original functions of tissues/organs in vitro is crucial for optimal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The fabrication of 3D tissues also contributes to the establishment of in vitro tissue/organ models for drug screening. Our laboratory has developed a fabrication system for functional 3D tissues by stacking cell sheets of confluent cultured cells detached from a temperature-responsive culture dish. Here we describe the protocols for the fabrication of 3D tissues by cell sheet engineering. Three-dimensional cardiac tissues fabricated by stacking cardiac cell sheets pulsate spontaneously, synchronously and macroscopically. Via this protocol, it is also possible to fabricate other tissues, such as 3D tissue including capillary-like prevascular networks, from endothelial cells sandwiched between layered cell sheets. Cell sheet stacking technology promises to provide in vitro tissue/organ models and more effective therapies for curing tissue/organ failures.
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TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that the avSG is the locus for non-self RNA sensing and the orchestration of multiple proteins is critical in the triggering of antiviral responses.
Abstract: Retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) function as cytoplasmic sensors for viral RNA to initiate antiviral responses including type I interferon (IFN) production. It has been unclear how RIG-I encounters and senses viral RNA. To address this issue, we examined intracellular localization of RIG-I in response to viral infection using newly generated anti-RIG-I antibody. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that RLRs localized in virus-induced granules containing stress granule (SG) markers together with viral RNA and antiviral proteins. Because of similarity in morphology and components, we termed these aggregates antiviral stress granules (avSGs). Influenza A virus (IAV) deficient in non-structural protein 1 (NS1) efficiently generated avSGs as well as IFN, however IAV encoding NS1 produced little. Inhibition of avSGs formation by removal of either the SG component or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR) resulted in diminished IFN production and concomitant enhancement of viral replication. Furthermore, we observed that transfection of dsRNA resulted in IFN production in an avSGs-dependent manner. These results strongly suggest that the avSG is the locus for non-self RNA sensing and the orchestration of multiple proteins is critical in the triggering of antiviral responses.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on current developments in offshore wind and ocean energy, highlighting the efforts currently underway in a variety of countries, principally some of the projects typically less talked about such as those in the Asian-Pacific countries.
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TL;DR: An overview of the identification, pathology, diagnosis and virulence factors of E. tarda in fish is provided, and recent strategies for developing vaccines against edwardsiellosis are described.
Abstract: Edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens, infecting both cultured and wild fish species. Research on edwardsiellosis has revealed that E. tarda has a broad host range and geographic distribution, and contains important virulence factors that enhance bacterial survival and pathogenesis in hosts. Although recent progress in edwardsiellosis research has enabled the development of numerous, highly effective vaccine candidates, these efforts have not been translated into a commercialized vaccine. The present review aims to provide an overview of the identification, pathology, diagnosis and virulence factors of E. tarda in fish, and describe recent strategies for developing vaccines against edwardsiellosis. The hope is that this presentation will be useful not only from the standpoint of understanding the pathogenesis of E. tarda, but also from the perspective of facilitating the development of effective vaccines.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the missing transverse momentum reconstruction was evaluated using data collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in 2010.
Abstract: The measurement of missing transverse momentum in the ATLAS detector, described in this paper, makes use of the full event reconstruction and a calibration based on reconstructed physics objects. The performance of the missing transverse momentum reconstruction is evaluated using data collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in 2010. Minimum bias events and events with jets of hadrons are used from data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 0.3 nb(-1) and 600 nb(-1) respectively, together with events containing a Z boson decaying to two leptons (electrons or muons) or a W boson decaying to a lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino, from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 36 pb(-1). An estimate of the systematic uncertainty on the missing transverse momentum scale is presented.
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TL;DR: In this paper, an absorption feature was observed in the combined spectra of a sample of gamma-ray blazars out to a redshift of z ∼ 1.6.
Abstract: The light emitted by stars and accreting compact objects through the history of the universe is encoded in the intensity of the extragalactic background light (EBL). Knowledge of the EBL is important to understand the nature of star formation and galaxy evolution, but direct measurements of the EBL are limited by galactic and other foreground emissions. Here, we report an absorption feature seen in the combined spectra of a sample of gamma-ray blazars out to a redshift of z ∼ 1.6. This feature is caused by attenuation of gamma rays by the EBL at optical to ultraviolet frequencies and allowed us to measure the EBL flux density in this frequency band.
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TL;DR: An excess of events in the data is interpreted as evidence for the presence of a new particle consistent with the standard model Higgs boson, which is produced in association with a weak vector boson and decays to a bottom-antibottom quark pair.
Abstract: We combine searches by the CDF and D0 Collaborations for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a W or Z boson and subsequent decay of the Higgs boson to a bottom-antibottom quark pair. The data, originating from Fermilab Tevatron p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV, correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 9.7 fb(-1). The searches are conducted for a Higgs boson with mass in the range 100-150 GeV/c(2). We observe an excess of events in the data compared with the background predictions, which is most significant in the mass range between 120 and 135 GeV/c(2). The largest local significance is 3.3 standard deviations, corresponding to a global significance of 3.1 standard deviations. We interpret this as evidence for the presence of a new particle consistent with the standard model Higgs boson, which is produced in association with a weak vector boson and decays to a bottom-antibottom quark pair.
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University of Utah1, University of Yamanashi2, Tokyo Institute of Technology3, Hanyang University4, Tokyo University of Science5, Kindai University6, Yonsei University7, Osaka City University8, University of Tokyo9, Kanagawa University10, Saitama University11, Rutgers University12, Tokyo City University13, Waseda University14, Chiba University15, Ewha Womans University16, Kōchi University17, Université libre de Bruxelles18, Chungnam National University19, Hiroshima City University20, National Institute of Radiological Sciences21, Ehime University22
11 Oct 2012-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The Telescope Array (TA) experiment as discussed by the authors was designed for the observation of extensive air showers from extremely high energy cosmic rays, and it has a surface detector array surrounded by three fluorescence detectors to enable simultaneous detection of shower particles at ground level and fluorescence photons along the shower track.
Abstract: The Telescope Array (TA) experiment, located in the western desert of Utah, USA, is designed for the observation of extensive air showers from extremely high energy cosmic rays. The experiment has a surface detector array surrounded by three fluorescence detectors to enable simultaneous detection of shower particles at ground level and fluorescence photons along the shower track. The TA surface detectors and fluorescence detectors started full hybrid observation in March, 2008. In this article we describe the design and technical features of the TA surface detector.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the measurement of elliptic flow of charged particles in lead-lead collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
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TL;DR: The results suggest that GnIH peptides fine tune LH levels via its receptor expressed in GnRH-ir neurons in an opposing fashion across the seasons in Siberian hamsters.
Abstract: Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotropin secretion in birds and mammals. To further understand its physiological roles in mammalian reproduction, we identified its precursor cDNA and endogenous mature peptides in the Siberian hamster brain. The Siberian hamster GnIH precursor cDNA encoded two RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) sequences. SPAPANKVPHSAANLPLRF-NH(2) (Siberian hamster RFRP-1) and TLSRVPSLPQRF-NH(2) (Siberian hamster RFRP-3) were confirmed as mature endogenous peptides by mass spectrometry from brain samples purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. GnIH mRNA expression was higher in long days (LD) compared with short days (SD). GnIH mRNA was also highly expressed in SD plus pinealectomized animals, whereas expression was suppressed by melatonin, a nocturnal pineal hormone, administration. GnIH-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons were localized to the dorsomedial region of the hypothalamus, and GnIH-ir fibers projected to hypothalamic and limbic structures. The density of GnIH-ir perikarya and fibers were higher in LD and SD plus pinealectomized hamsters than in LD plus melatonin or SD animals. The percentage of GnRH neurons receiving close appositions from GnIH-ir fiber terminals was also higher in LD than SD, and GnIH receptor was expressed in GnRH-ir neurons. Finally, central administration of hamster RFRP-1 or RFRP-3 inhibited LH release 5 and 30 min after administration in LD. In sharp contrast, both peptides stimulated LH release 30 min after administration in SD. These results suggest that GnIH peptides fine tune LH levels via its receptor expressed in GnRH-ir neurons in an opposing fashion across the seasons in Siberian hamsters.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the production cross sections of the inclusive Drell-Yan processes W-+/- -> l nu and Z/gamma* -> ll (l = e, mu) are measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector.
Abstract: The production cross sections of the inclusive Drell-Yan processes W-+/- -> l nu and Z/gamma* -> ll (l = e, mu) are measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. The cross sections are reported integrated over a fiducial kinematic range, extrapolated to the full range, and also evaluated differentially as a function of the W decay lepton pseudorapidity and the Z boson rapidity, respectively. Based on an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb(-1) collected in 2010, the precision of these measurements reaches a few percent. The integrated and the differential W-+/- and Z/gamma* cross sections in the e and mu channels are combined, and compared with perturbative QCD calculations, based on a number of different parton distribution sets available at next-to-next-to-leading order.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended an exploratory phase constructed from qualitative data previously gathered on this topic and aimed to update the factors influencing consumer purchase of luxury goods and, more specifically, to consider the combined effect of brand and country of origin (CoO) on the purchasing decision.
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TL;DR: In this article, the degradation of colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CMPS) was investigated in static aqueous systems using a dialysis tube and four types of CMPS with different particle diameters were newly prepared from tetraalkoxysilanes.
Abstract: The degradation of colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CMPS) is quite important for the design of stable catalyst supports and biodegradable drug delivery systems carriers. The degradation of various silica nanoparticles in static aqueous systems was investigated. The condition was achieved through the use of a dialysis tube. Four types of CMPS with different particle diameters (ca. 20–80 nm) were newly prepared from tetraalkoxysilanes (Si(OR)4, R = Me, Et, Pr, and Bu) at different hydrolysis rates by a one-pot synthesis. Larger particles were formed by using tetraalkoxysilanes at slower hydrolysis rates because particle growth dominates nucleation. The degradation of CMPS is independent of diameter differences. The degradation rate of CMPS is higher than that of colloidal nonporous silica nanoparticles with smaller diameters because of the presence of mesopores. CMPS are also more degradable than aggregated CMPS because of colloidal dispersity. Moreover, it was confirmed for the first time that th...
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Tokyo Institute of Technology1, University of Tokyo2, Tokyo City University3, Kindai University4, Osaka City University5, University of Yamanashi6, Saitama University7, University of Utah8, Waseda University9, Kanagawa University10, Hanyang University11, Tokyo University of Science12, Yonsei University13, Rutgers University14, Chiba University15, Ewha Womans University16, Kōchi University17, Université libre de Bruxelles18, Chungnam National University19, Hiroshima City University20, National Institute of Radiological Sciences21, Ehime University22
01 Jun 2012-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: In this article, the characteristics and installation of the new FDs and the performances of the FD components are reported and the results of the monitored mirror reflectance during the observation time are also described.
Abstract: Since 2007, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, based in Utah, USA, has been observing ultra high energy cosmic rays to understand their origins The experiment includes a surface detector (SD) array and three fluorescence detector (FD) stations The FD stations, installed surrounding the SD array, measure the air fluorescence light emitted from extensive air showers (EASs) for precise determination of their energies and species The detectors employed at one of the three FD stations were relocated from the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment At the other two stations, newly designed detectors were constructed for the TA experiment An FD consists of a primary mirror and a camera equipped with photomultiplier tube pixels To obtain the EAS parameters with high accuracy, understanding the FD optical characteristics is important In this paper, we report the characteristics and installation of the new FDs and the performances of the FD components The results of the monitored mirror reflectance during the observation time are also described in this report