Waseda University

About: Waseda University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 24220 authors who have published 46859 publications receiving 837855 citations. The organization is also known as: Waseda daigaku & Sōdai.

Numerical analysis of standing accretion shock instability with neutrino heating in supernova cores

Abstract: We have numerically studied the instability of the spherically symmetric standing accretion shock wave against nonspherical perturbations. We have in mind the application to collapse-driven supernovae in the postbounce phase, where the prompt shock wave generated by core bounce is commonly stalled. We take an experimental standpoint in this paper. Using spherically symmetric, completely steady, shocked accretion flows as unperturbed states, we have clearly observed both the linear growth and the subsequent nonlinear saturation of the instability. In so doing, we have employed a realistic equation of state, together with heating and cooling via neutrino reactions with nucleons. We have performed a mode analysis based on the spherical harmonics decomposition and found that the modes with l = 1,2 are dominant not only in the linear regime but also after nonlinear couplings generate various modes and saturation occurs. By varying the neutrino luminosity, we have constructed unperturbed states both with and without a negative entropy gradient. We have found that in both cases the growth of the instability is similar, suggesting that convection does not play a dominant role, which also appears to be supported by the recent linear analysis of the convection in accretion flows by Foglizzo et al. The oscillation period of the unstable l = 1 mode is found to fit better with the advection time rather than with the sound crossing time. Whatever the cause may be, the instability favors a shock revival.

The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

Abstract: The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1 +/- 0.9 mu m and a relative momentum resolution sigma (p) /p=(4.83 +/- 0.16)x10(-4) GeV(-1)xp (T) have been measured for high momentum tracks.

Forward-Backward Asymmetry in Top-Quark Production in p(p)over-bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Abstract: We present measurements of the forward-backward charge asymmetry in top pair production using 1.9 fb;{-1} of pp[over ] collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab II. Correcting for acceptance and measurement dilutions we obtain parton-level asymmetries of A_{FB};{pp[over ]}=0.17+/-0.08 in the pp[over ] frame and A_{FB};{tt[over ]}=0.24+/-0.14 in the tt[over ] frame. The values are consistent with the standard model expectation and disfavor exotic production mechanisms with significant negative values.

Measurement of the distributions of event-by-event flow harmonics in lead-lead collisions at √SNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Abstract: The distributions of event-by-event harmonic flow coefficients v (n) for n = 2- 4 are measured in = 2.76 TeV Pb + Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed u ...