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Institution

Waseda University

EducationTokyo, Japan
About: Waseda University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Large Hadron Collider & Catalysis. The organization has 24220 authors who have published 46859 publications receiving 837855 citations. The organization is also known as: Waseda daigaku & Sōdai.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors combine the standard moral hazard models of principal-agent relationships with theories of other-regarding preferences, in particular, inequity aversion theory, to obtain new theoretical insights into organizational behavior.
Abstract: The paper aims at obtaining new theoretical insights into organizational behavior by combining the standard moral hazard models of principal-agent relationships with theories of other-regarding (social or interdependent) preferences, in particular, inequity aversion theory. In the benchmark model, the principal and the agent are both risk neutral, while the agent is wealth constrained and hence the basic tradeoff between incentives and rent extraction arises. I show that other-regarding preferences interact with incentives in nontrivial ways. In particular, the principal is in general worse off as the agent cares more about the well-being of the principal. When there are multiple symmetric agents who care about each other's well-being, the principal can optimally exploit their other-regarding nature by designing an appropriate interdependent contract such as a "fair" team contract or a relative performance contract that creates inequality when their performance outcomes are different. The optimal contract depends on the nature of the agents' other-regarding preferences. The approach taken in this paper can shed light on issues on endogenous preferences within organizations, as suggested by sociologists and organizational economists.

169 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied cosmological perturbations generated from quantum fluctuations in multi-field inflationary scenarios in generalized Einstein theories, taking both adiabatic and isocurvature modes into account.

169 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
29 Jul 2021-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that centenarians have a distinct gut microbiome that is enriched in microorganisms that are capable of generating unique secondary bile acids, including various isoforms of lithocholic acid (LCA): iso-, 3-oxo-, allo-, 3oxoallo- and isoallolithocholic acids.
Abstract: Centenarians have a decreased susceptibility to ageing-associated illnesses, chronic inflammation and infectious diseases1–3. Here we show that centenarians have a distinct gut microbiome that is enriched in microorganisms that are capable of generating unique secondary bile acids, including various isoforms of lithocholic acid (LCA): iso-, 3-oxo-, allo-, 3-oxoallo- and isoallolithocholic acid. Among these bile acids, the biosynthetic pathway for isoalloLCA had not been described previously. By screening 68 bacterial isolates from the faecal microbiota of a centenarian, we identified Odoribacteraceae strains as effective producers of isoalloLCA both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the enzymes 5α-reductase (5AR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSDH) were responsible for the production of isoalloLCA. IsoalloLCA exerted potent antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive (but not Gram-negative) multidrug-resistant pathogens, including Clostridioides difficile and Enterococcus faecium. These findings suggest that the metabolism of specific bile acids may be involved in reducing the risk of infection with pathobionts, thereby potentially contributing to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. The microbiota of centenarians (aged 100 years and older) comprise gut microorganisms that are capable of generating unique secondary bile acids, including isoallolithocholic acid, a bile acid with potent antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive—but not Gram-negative—multidrug-resistant pathogens.

169 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cell detachment was accelerated on the CIPAAm copolymer-grafted surfaces compared to pure IPAAm surfaces, suggesting that hydrophilic carboxyl group microenvironment in the monomer and polymer is important to accelerate grafted surface hydration below the lower critical solution temperature, detaching cells.

168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Tetsuya Osaka1
TL;DR: A review of the recent progress in research and development of soft magnetic films for magnetic recording heads of the future is presented in this article primarily on the basis of the work performed by the author's research group.

168 citations


Authors

Showing all 24378 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Yusuke Nakamura1792076160313
Yoshio Bando147123480883
Charles Maguire142119795026
Kazunori Kataoka13890870412
Senta Greene134134690697
Intae Yu134137289870
Kohei Yorita131138991177
Wei Xie128128177097
Susumu Kitagawa12580969594
Leon O. Chua12282471612
Jun Kataoka12160354274
S. Youssef12068365110
Katsuhiko Mikoshiba12086662394
Yusuke Yamauchi117100051685
Teruo Okano11747647081
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202380
2022237
20212,347
20202,467
20192,367
20182,289