Waseda University

About: Waseda University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Large Hadron Collider & Catalysis. The organization has 24220 authors who have published 46859 publications receiving 837855 citations. The organization is also known as: Waseda daigaku & Sōdai.

Transmembrane calcium influx associated with von Willebrand factor binding to GP Ib in the initiation of shear-induced platelet aggregation

Abstract: We found that the binding of multimeric vWF to GP Ib under a shear force of 108 dynes/cm2 resulted in the transmembrane flux of Ca2+ ions with a two- to three-fold increase in their intracellular concentration ([Ca2+]i). The blockage of this event, obtained by inhibiting the vWF-GP Ib interaction, suppressed aggregation. In contrast, the blockage of vWF binding to GP IIb-IIIa, as well as the prevention of activation caused by increased intracellular cAMP levels, inhibited aggregation but had no significant effect on [Ca2+]i increase. A monomeric recombinant fragment of vWF containing the GP Ib-binding domain of the molecule (residues 445-733) prevented all effects mediated by multimeric vWF but, by itself, failed to support the increase in [Ca2+]i and aggregation. These results suggest that the binding of multimeric vWF to GP Ib initiates platelets aggregation induced by high shear stress by mediating a transmembrane flux of Ca2+ ions, perhaps through a receptor-dependent calcium channel. The increase in [Ca2+]i may act as an intracellular message and cause the activation of GP IIb-IIIa; the latter receptor then binds vWF and mediates irreversible aggregation.

Search for the bb ¯ decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson in associated (W/Z)H production with the ATLAS detector

Abstract: A search for the b (b) over bar decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson is performed with the ATLAS experiment using the full dataset recorded at the LHC in Run 1. The integrated luminosities used are 4.7 and 20.3 fb(-1) from pp collisions at root s = 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. The processes considered are associated (WIZ)H production, where W -> e nu/mu nu, Z -> ee/mu mu, and Z -> nu nu. The observed (expected) deviation from the backgroundonly hypothesis corresponds to a significance of 1.4 (2.6) standard deviations and the ratio of the measured signal yield to the Standard Model expectation is found to be mu = 0.52 +/- 0.32 (stat.) +/- 0.24 (syst.) for a Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV. The analysis procedure is validated by a measurement of the yield of (W/Z)Z production with Z -> b (b) over bar in the same final states as for the Higgs boson search, from which the ratio of the observed signal yield to the Standard Model expectation is found to be 0.74 +/- 0.09 (stat.) +/- 0.14 (syst.).

Combustion and exhaust gas emission characteristics of a diesel engine dual-fueled with natural gas

Abstract: This paper deals with a diesel engine dual-fueled with natural gas. This system can achieve a high thermal efficiency at higher loads by utilizing the premixed lean natural gas mixture ignited by pilot-injected diesel fuel. At low loads, however, high THC emission and low thermal efficiency were observed. To resolve these problems, effects of EGR and intake heating with an exhaust to intake heat exchanger on engine performance and exhaust gas emissions were investigated, especially at low loads. In addition, 3-CFD simulations were conducted to analyze the combustion process in the combustion chamber, using the KIVA-3 code. The result indicates that thermal efficiency and THC emission at lower loads can be improved by intake air heating combined with EGR.

Nitrogen removal performance using anaerobic ammonium oxidation at low temperatures

Abstract: An anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process for ammonia-rich wastewater treatment has not been reported at temperatures below 15 °C. This study used a gel carrier with entrapped anammox bacteria to obtain a stable nitrogen removal performance at low temperatures. In a continuous feeding test, a high nitrogen conversion rate (6.2 kg N m−3 day−1) was confirmed at 32 °C. Nitrogen removal activity decreased gradually with decreasing operation temperature; however, it still occurred at 6 °C. Nitrogen conversion rates at 22 and 6.3 °C were 2.8 and 0.36 kg N m−3 day−1, respectively. Moreover, the stability of anammox activity below 20 °C was confirmed for more than 130 days. In batch experiments, anammox gel carriers were characterized with respect to temperature. The optimum temperature for anammox bacteria was found to be 37 °C. Furthermore, it was clear that the temperature dependence changed at about 28 °C. The apparent activation energy in the temperature range from 22 to 28 °C was calculated as 93 kJ mol−1, and that in the range from 28 to 37 °C was 33 kJ mol−1. This value agrees with the result of a continuous feeding test (94 kJ mol−1, between 6 and 22 °C). The nitrogen removal performance demonstrated at the low temperatures used in this study will open the door for the application of anammox processes to many types of industrial wastewater treatment.

Effects of Instruction on L2 Pronunciation Development: A Synthesis of 15 Quasi- Experimental Intervention Studies

Abstract: Over the past 25 years second language (L2) acquisition researchhas paid considerable attention to the effectiveness of instruction onL2 morphosyntax development, and the findings of relevant empiricalstudies have been extensively summarized using narrative review meth-ods (e.g., Ellis, 2002) as well as meta-analytic review methods (e.g.,Spada & Tomita, 2010). These researchers have reached a consensusthat (a) integrating language focus into meaning-oriented classroomsis more effective than a purely naturalistic approach, and (b) contextu-alized grammar teaching methods (e.g., focus-on-form instruction,form-focused instruction) is more effective than decontexualized gram-mar teaching methods (e.g., focus-on-formS instruction, grammar-translation method). What is surprising in this vein of L2 acquisitionstudies, however, is the lack of research in the area of L2 pronuncia-tion development. Pronunciation teaching has been notorious for itsoverdependence on decontextualized practice such as mechanicaldrills and repetition, reminiscent of the audiolingual teaching meth-ods of several decades ago (for discussion, see Celce-Murcia, Brinton, 1Goodwin, & Griner, 2010). Furthermore, very few language teachersactually receive adequate training in the specific area of pronunciationteaching (Foote, Holtby, & Derwing, 2011).1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344