Waseda University

About: Waseda University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 24220 authors who have published 46859 publications receiving 837855 citations. The organization is also known as: Waseda daigaku & Sōdai.

Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Abstract: Measurements are presented from proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of root s = 0.9, 2.36 and 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events were collected using a single-arm minimum-bias trigger. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity and the relationship between the mean transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity are measured. Measurements in different regions of phase space are shown, providing diffraction-reduced measurements as well as more inclusive ones. The observed distributions are corrected to well-defined phase-space regions, using model-independent corrections. The results are compared to each other and to various Monte Carlo (MC) models, including a new AMBT1 pythia6 tune. In all the kinematic regions considered, the particle multiplicities are higher than predicted by the MC models. The central charged-particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity, for tracks with p(T) > 100 MeV, is measured to be 3.483 +/- 0.009 (stat) +/- 0.106 (syst) at root s = 0.9 TeV and 5.630 +/- 0.003 (stat) +/- 0.169 (syst) at root s = 7 TeV.

Metallic nanocages: synthesis of bimetallic Pt-Pd hollow nanoparticles with dendritic shells by selective chemical etching.

Abstract: We report a facile synthesis of Pt–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles, named “metallic nanocages”, with a hollow interior and porous dendritic shell. This synthesis is easily achieved by selective chemical etching of Pd cores from dendritic Pt-on-Pd nanoparticles. The obtained Pt–Pd nanocages show superior catalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction compared to other Pt-based materials reported previously.

Characterization of inflammatory responses to eccentric exercise in humans.

Abstract: Eccentric exercise commonly results in muscle damage. The primary sequence of events leading to exercise-induced muscle damage is believed to involve initial mechanical disruption of sarcomeres, followed by impaired excitation-contraction coupling and calcium signaling, and finally, activation of calcium-sensitive degradation pathways. Muscle damage is characterized by ultrastructural changes to muscle architecture, increased muscle proteins and enzymes in the bloodstream, loss of muscular strength and range of motion and muscle soreness. The inflammatory response to exercise-induced muscle damage is characterized by leukocyte infiltration and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines within damaged muscle tissue, systemic release of leukocytes and cytokines, in addition to alterations in leukocyte receptor expression and functional activity. Current evidence suggests that inflammatory responses to muscle damage are dependent on the type of eccentric exercise, previous eccentric loading (repeated bouts), age and gender. Circulating neutrophil counts and systemic cytokine responses are greater after eccentric exercise using a large muscle mass (e.g. downhill running, eccentric cycling) than after other types of eccentric exercise involving a smaller muscle mass. After an initial bout of eccentric exercise, circulating leukocyte counts and cell surface receptor expression are attenuated. Leukocyte and cytokine responses to eccentric exercise are impaired in elderly individuals, while cellular infiltration into skeletal muscle is greater in human females than males after eccentric exercise. Whether alterations in intracellular calcium homeostasis influence inflammatory responses to muscle damage is uncertain. Furthermore, the effects of antioxidant supplements are variable, and the limited data available indicates that anti-inflammatory drugs largely have no influence on inflammatory responses to eccentric exercise. In this review, we compare local versus systemic inflammatory responses, and discuss some of the possible mechanisms regulating the inflammatory responses to exercise-induced muscle damage in humans.

Synthesis of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles with a Hollow Interior by Controlled Chemical Etching

Abstract: A facile route has been found to prepare Prussian blue (PB) hollow particles with a cubic shape (see picture). With PB mesocrystals used as a starting material, hollow interiors were created through controlled chemical etching in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone). The hollow cavities and particle sizes could be tuned by changing the synthetic conditions, and the original PB crystallinity was preserved even after formation of interior hollows.

Alkali-treatment technique — new method for modification of structural and acid-catalytic properties of ZSM-5 zeolites

Abstract: ZSM-5 zeolite having a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 39.4 was treated in a NaOH alkali solution and the changes in structural and acidic properties were investigated. A siliceous species was selectively dissolved from the framework of zeolite, although a lower amount of Al was also eluted. In this procedure, mesopores with a uniform size were formed on the zeolite, while the microporous structure remained. The acidic property was changed very little quantitatively or qualitatively, even though the catalytic activity for cracking of cumene was enhanced by the alkali-treatment. This can be explained by the facts that adsorptive and diffusive properties of cumene through micropores of the ZSM-5 are increased by the creation of mesopores.