Waseda University

About: Waseda University is a education organization based out in Tokyo, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 24220 authors who have published 46859 publications receiving 837855 citations. The organization is also known as: Waseda daigaku & Sōdai.

Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass from the H → γγ and H → ZZ* → 4ℓ Channels in pp Collisions at Center-of-Mass Energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

Abstract: An improved measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson is derived from a combined fit to the reconstructed invariant mass spectra of the decay channels H -> gamma gamma and H -> ZZ* -> 4l. The analysis uses the pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at center-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 25 fb(-1). The measured value of the Higgs boson mass is m(H) = 125.36 +/- 0.37(stat) +/- 0.18 (syst) GeV. This result is based on improved energy-scale calibrations for photons, electrons, and muons as well as other analysis improvements, and supersedes the previous result from ATLAS. Upper limits on the total width of the Higgs boson are derived from fits to the invariant mass spectra of the H -> gamma gamma and H -> ZZ* -> 4l decay channels.

The Effects of Simplified and Elaborated Texts on Foreign Language Reading Comprehension

Abstract: Linguistic simplification of written texts can increase their comprehensibility for nonnative speakers but reduce their utility for language learning in other ways, for example, through the removal of linguistic items that learners do not know but need to learn. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that elaborative modification observed in oral foreigner talk discourse, where redundancy and explicitness compensate for unknown linguistic items, offers a potential alternative approach to written text modification. We randomly presented 13 reading passages to 483 Japanese college students in one of three forms: (a) native baseline, (b) simplified, or (c) elaborated. Comprehension, assessed by 30 multiple-choice test items, was highest among learners reading the simplified version, but not significantly different from those reading the elaborated version. The type of modifications to the texts interacted significantly with the kind of test item used to, assess comprehension—replication, synthesis or inference—suggesting that different kinds of text modification facilitate different levels of comprehension.

A cross-sectional study of sarcopenia in Japanese men and women: reference values and association with cardiovascular risk factors

Abstract: In this study of Japanese men and women, we determine reference values for sarcopenia and test the hypothesis that sarcopenia is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, independent of waist circumference. A total of 1,488 Japanese men and women aged 18–85 years participated in this study. Appendicular muscle mass (AMM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Reference values for classes 1 and 2 sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index: AMM/height2, kg m−2) in each sex were defined as values one and two standard deviations below the sex-specific means of reference values obtained in this study from young adults aged 18–40 years. The reference values for class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia were 7.77 and 6.87 kg m−2 in men and 6.12 and 5.46 kg m−2 in women. In subjects both with class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia, body mass index and % body fat were significantly lower than in normal subjects. Despite whole-blood glycohaemoglobin A1c in men with class 1 sarcopenia was significantly higher than in normal subjects, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in women both with class 1 and class 2 sarcopenia were significantly higher than in normal subjects, using one-way ANCOVA with adjustment for the covariate of waist circumference. Although sarcopenia is associated with thin body mass, it is associated with more glycation of serum proteins in men and with greater arterial stiffness in women, independent of waist circumference.

Hierarchical porous carbons with layer-by-layer motif architectures from confined soft-template self-assembly in layered materials.

Abstract: Although various two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been explored as promising capacitive materials due to their unique layered structure, their natural restacking tendency impedes electrolyte transport and significantly restricts their practical applications. Herein, we synthesize all-carbon layer-by-layer motif architectures by introducing 2D ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC) within the interlayer space of 2D nanomaterials. As a proof of concept, MXenes are selected as 2D hosts to design 2D-2D heterostructures. Further removing the metal elements from MXenes leads to the formation of all-carbon 2D-2D heterostructures consisting of alternating layers of MXene-derived carbon (MDC) and OMC. The OMC layers intercalated with the MDC layers not only prevent restacking but also facilitate ion diffusion and electron transfer. The performance of the obtained hybrid carbons as supercapacitor electrodes demonstrates their potential for upcoming electronic devices. This method allows to overcome the restacking and blocking of 2D nanomaterials by constructing ion-accessible OMC within the 2D host material.

Aspects of Amphibian Metamorphosis: Hormonal Control

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews recent studies on metamorphosis from the perspective of hormonal control. It also focuses on biochemical and cell-biological aspects of amphibian metamorphosis. The developmental stages of larvae of representative species are presented. Amphibian metamorphosis appears to be under multihormonal control and the secretion and function of these hormones are regulated in various ways. Thyroid hormone levels need to be low for premetamorphic tadpoles to grow without showing metamorphic changes. For the final phase of metamorphosis, known as climax, higher levels of thyroid hormones are required because no tail shortening occurs in thyroidectomized tadpoles with relatively low concentrations of thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone mRNA concentrations decrease in most of the tissues that undergo substantial remodeling. However, in the developing ovary of the juvenile toad, high levels of thyroid hormone α-receptor mRNA are detected. The accumulation of thyroid hormone receptor transcripts in oocytes is sustained and continues to increase throughout further development. The presence of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the amphibian pituitary has been confirmed indirectly by evidence of a difference in thyroid function between normal and hypophysectomized tadpoles at TK stage III and by the stimulating effect of crude extracts prepared from the pituitaries of prometamorphic and climax Xenopus larvae on uptake of 131I by the thyroid.