Institution
Washington State University
Education•Pullman, Washington, United States•
About: Washington State University is a education organization based out in Pullman, Washington, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 26947 authors who have published 57736 publications receiving 2341509 citations. The organization is also known as: WSU & Wazzu.
Topics: Population, Gene, Catalysis, Context (language use), Poison control
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Specific numeric maximum temperature criteria that can be integrated into a broader recovery planning process are described for sensitive life stages of three species of Pacific Northwest salmon and steelhead.
Abstract: Wild salmon stocks in the Pacific Northwest are imperiled by a variety of anthropogenic environmental modifications, not the least of which is increasing maximum water temperatures. While many reports have been written on physiological or population-level influences of temperature in terms of the decline of wild salmon, synthesis of these diverse sources is needed for evaluation of numeric temperature criteria and their potential in salmon recovery planning. Various sensitive life stages and biological processes are impacted differently for different salmon species. This article reviews the literature for chinook, coho, chum, and steelhead, which are currently listed in the Columbia River Basin under the Endangered Species Act. Spawning, incubation and early fry development, juvenile rearing and growth, smoltification, and migration are considered. Swimming speed, disease susceptibility, chemical considerations, and lethality are also reviewed. Regional population growth and climate change will e...
335 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of increased fertilizer on the probability of low yields was investigated and it was shown that at all nitrogen fertilizer rates and reasonable levels of risk aversion, nitrogen fertilizer and insurance are substitutes and that those who purchase insurance are likely to decrease nitrogen fertilizer applications.
Abstract: Previous studies disagree on the effects of insurance on fertilizer application rates. The effect of increased fertilizer on the probability of low yields primarily determines whether fertilizer and insurance are substitutes or complements. We estimate conditional distributions of corn yields to determine if the technical relationship between yields and fertilizer supports the hypothesis that insurance increases optimal application rates. Our results indicate no support for this hypothesis. At all nitrogen fertilizer rates and reasonable levels of risk aversion, nitrogen fertilizer and insurance are substitutes, suggesting that those who purchase insurance are likely to decrease nitrogen fertilizer applications.
334 citations
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TL;DR: It is indicated that CWD PrPres can be detected in lymphoid tissues draining the alimentary tract within a few weeks after oral exposure to infectious prions and may reflect the initial pathway of CWD infection in deer.
Abstract: Mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus) were inoculated orally with a brain homogenate prepared from mule deer with naturally occurring chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion-induced transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Fawns were necropsied and examined for PrP res, the abnormal prion protein isoform, at 10, 42, 53, 77, 78 and 80 days post-inoculation (p.i.) using an immunohistochemistry assay modified to enhance sensitivity. PrPres was detected in alimentary-tract-associated lymphoid tissues (one or more of the following: retropharyngeal lymph node, tonsil, Peyer’s patch and ileocaecal lymph node) as early as 42 days p.i. and in all fawns examined thereafter (53 to 80 days p.i.). No PrPres staining was detected in lymphoid tissue of three control fawns receiving a control brain inoculum, nor was PrPres detectable in neural tissue of any fawn. PrPres-specific staining was markedly enhanced by sequential tissue treatment with formic acid, proteinase K and hydrated autoclaving prior to immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5. These results indicate that CWD PrP res can be detected in lymphoid tissues draining the alimentary tract within a few weeks after oral exposure to infectious prions and may reflect the initial pathway of CWD infection in deer. The rapid infection of deer fawns following exposure by the most plausible natural route is consistent with the efficient horizontal transmission of CWD in nature and enables accelerated studies of transmission and pathogenesis in the native species.
334 citations
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University of California, Davis1, University of Siena2, International University, Cambodia3, United Nations4, London School of Economics and Political Science5, University of California, Santa Barbara6, Arizona State University7, University of New Mexico8, Northwestern University9, University of Washington10, University of Michigan11, Florida State University12, Harvard University13, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill14, Washington State University15, University of Missouri16, University of Utah17
TL;DR: It is shown that intergenerational transmission of wealth and wealth inequality are substantial among pastoral and small-scale agricultural societies but are limited among horticultural and foraging peoples (equivalent to the most egalitarian of modern industrial populations).
Abstract: Small-scale human societies range from foraging bands with a strong egalitarian ethos to more economically stratified agrarian and pastoral societies. We explain this variation in inequality using a dynamic model in which a population's long-run steady-state level of inequality depends on the extent to which its most important forms of wealth are transmitted within families across generations. We estimate the degree of intergenerational transmission of three different types of wealth (material, embodied, and relational), as well as the extent of wealth inequality in 21 historical and contemporary populations. We show that intergenerational transmission of wealth and wealth inequality are substantial among pastoral and small-scale agricultural societies (on a par with or even exceeding the most unequal modern industrial economies) but are limited among horticultural and foraging peoples (equivalent to the most egalitarian of modern industrial populations). Differences in the technology by which a people derive their livelihood and in the institutions and norms making up the economic system jointly contribute to this pattern.
334 citations
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Nanjing Agricultural University1, University of Florida2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research3, University of Bonn4, Columbia University5, University of Chicago6, Stanford University7, SupAgro8, Goddard Institute for Space Studies9, Institut national de la recherche agronomique10, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center11, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater12, Prince of Songkla University13, Michigan State University14, James Hutton Institute15, University of Leeds16, Counterintelligence Field Activity17, University of Córdoba (Spain)18, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis19, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich20, University of Hohenheim21, Washington State University22, University of Guelph23, University of Maryland, College Park24, Texas A&M University25, Aarhus University26, United States Department of Agriculture27, Indian Agricultural Research Institute28, University of Arizona29, Kansas State University30, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology31, University of Birmingham32, University of Göttingen33, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna34, Rothamsted Research35, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency36, Wageningen University and Research Centre37, Chinese Academy of Sciences38, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation39, China Agricultural University40
TL;DR: This paper showed that grid-based and point-based simulations and statistical regressions, without deliberate adaptation or CO 2 fertilization effects, produce similar estimates of temperature impact on wheat yields at global and national scales.
Abstract: The potential impact of global temperature change on global crop yield has recently been assessed with different methods. Here we show that grid-based and point-based simulations and statistical regressions (from historic records), without deliberate adaptation or CO 2 fertilization effects, produce similar estimates of temperature impact on wheat yields at global and national scales. With a 1 °C global temperature increase, global wheat yield is projected to decline between 4.1% and 6.4%. Projected relative temperature impacts from different methods were similar for major wheat-producing countries China, India, USA and France, but less so for Russia. Point-based and grid-based simulations, and to some extent the statistical regressions, were consistent in projecting that warmer regions are likely to suffer more yield loss with increasing temperature than cooler regions. By forming a multi-method ensemble, it was possible to quantify 'method uncertainty' in addition to model uncertainty. This significantly improves confidence in estimates of climate impacts on global food security.
334 citations
Authors
Showing all 27183 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Anil K. Jain | 183 | 1016 | 192151 |
Martin Karplus | 163 | 831 | 138492 |
Herbert A. Simon | 157 | 745 | 194597 |
Suvadeep Bose | 154 | 960 | 129071 |
Rajesh Kumar | 149 | 4439 | 140830 |
Kevin Murphy | 146 | 728 | 120475 |
Jonathan D. G. Jones | 129 | 417 | 80908 |
Douglas E. Soltis | 127 | 612 | 67161 |
Peter W. Kalivas | 123 | 428 | 52445 |
Chris Somerville | 122 | 284 | 45742 |
Pamela S. Soltis | 120 | 543 | 61080 |
Yuehe Lin | 118 | 641 | 55399 |
Howard I. Maibach | 116 | 1821 | 60765 |
Jizhong Zhou | 115 | 766 | 48708 |
Farshid Guilak | 110 | 480 | 41327 |