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Institution

Washington State University

EducationPullman, Washington, United States
About: Washington State University is a education organization based out in Pullman, Washington, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 26947 authors who have published 57736 publications receiving 2341509 citations. The organization is also known as: WSU & Wazzu.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1990-Synapse
TL;DR: Enhanced dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens may mediate the behavioral sensitization produced by daily injections of cocaine, but that other neural systems are influential in mediating the acute motor stimulant effect of cocaine.
Abstract: The behavioral stimulant effect of peripheral cocaine injection into rats is augmented following daily adminstration. In vivo dialysis in the nucleus accumbens of conscious rats was used to determine if the increased behavioral response following daily cocaine administration is associated with in increase in extracellular dopamine concentration. Acute injection of cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) produced and elevation in extracellular dopamine concentration in the nucleus accumbens. Following daily pretreatment with cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip × 4 days), a subsequent acute injection of cocaine (15 mg/kg, ip) significantly elevated the extracellular dopamine levels compared to that produced by a single acute injection. Although the levels extracellular dopamine metabolites was significantly lowered by both acute cocaine and daily cocaine, no difference between these two groups of animals was measured. The increase in extrecellular dopamine following a single acute injection of cocaine was not correlated to the motor stimulant response. However, after daily pretreatment with cocaine the motor stimulant response to acute cacaine was positively correlated with the increased extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. These data demonstrate that enhanced dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens may mediate the behavioral sensitization produced by daily injections of cocaine, but that other neural systems are influential in mediating the acute motor stimulant effect of cocaine.

543 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Key challenges in modeling soil processes are identified, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes.
Abstract: The remarkable complexity of soil and its importance to a wide range of ecosystem services presents major challenges to the modeling of soil processes. Although major progress in soil models has occurred in the last decades, models of soil processes remain disjointed between disciplines or ecosystem services, with considerable uncertainty remaining in the quality of predictions and several challenges that remain yet to be addressed. First, there is a need to improve exchange of knowledge and experience among the different disciplines in soil science and to reach out to other Earth science communities. Second, the community needs to develop a new generation of soil models based on a systemic approach comprising relevant physical, chemical, and biological processes to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of soil processes and their interactions. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate exchanges between soil modeling and climate, plant, and social science modeling communities. It will allow us to contribute to preserve and improve our assessment of ecosystem services and advance our understanding of climate-change feedback mechanisms, among others, thereby facilitating and strengthening communication among scientific disciplines and society. We review the role of modeling soil processes in quantifying key soil processes that shape ecosystem services, with a focus on provisioning and regulating services. We then identify key challenges in modeling soil processes, including the systematic incorporation of heterogeneity and uncertainty, the integration of data and models, and strategies for effective integration of knowledge on physical, chemical, and biological soil processes. We discuss how the soil modeling community could best interface with modern modeling activities in other disciplines, such as climate, ecology, and plant research, and how to weave novel observation and measurement techniques into soil models. We propose the establishment of an international soil modeling consortium to coherently advance soil modeling activities and foster communication with other Earth science disciplines. Such a consortium should promote soil modeling platforms and data repository for model development, calibration and intercomparison essential for addressing contemporary challenges.

542 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Li X1, Pedro Romero1, M Rani1, A. K. Dunker1, Zoran Obradovic1 
TL;DR: Logistic regression, discriminant analysis, and neural networks were used to predict ordered and disordered regions in proteins to support the hypothesis that disorder is encoded by the amino acid sequence.
Abstract: Logistic regression (LR), discriminant analysis (DA), and neural networks (NN) were used to predict ordered and disordered regions in proteins. Training data were from a set of non-redundant X-ray crystal structures, with the data being partitioned into N-terminal, C-terminal and internal (I) regions. The DA and LR methods gave almost identical 5-cross validation accuracies that averaged to the following values: 75.9 +/- 3.1% (N-regions), 70.7 +/- 1.5% (I-regions), and 74.6 +/- 4.4% (C-regions). NN predictions gave slightly higher scores: 78.8 +/- 1.2% (N-regions), 72.5 +/- 1.2% (I-regions), and 75.3 +/- 3.3% (C-regions). Predictions improved with length of the disordered regions. Averaged over the three methods, values ranged from 52% to 78% for length = 9-14 to >/= 21, respectively, for I-regions, from 72% to 81% for length = 5 to 12-15, respectively, for N-regions, and from 70% to 80% for length = 5 to 12-15, respectively, for C-regions. These data support the hypothesis that disorder is encoded by the amino acid sequence.

540 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nanostructures: Synthesis, Assembly, and Their Applications in Electrochemistry
Abstract: Nanostructures: Synthesis, Assembly, and Their Applications in Electrochemistry Chengzhou Zhu,† Dan Du,†,⊥ Alexander Eychmüller,‡ and Yuehe Lin*,†,§ †School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2920, United States Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China ‡Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States

540 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
B. P. Abbott1, Richard J. Abbott1, T. D. Abbott2, Matthew Abernathy1  +955 moreInstitutions (96)
TL;DR: Following a major upgrade, the two advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) held their first observation run between September 2015 and January 2016, and observed a transient gravitational-wave signal determined to be the coalescence of two black holes.
Abstract: Following a major upgrade, the two advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) held their first observation run between September 2015 and January 2016. With a strain sensitivity of $10^{-23}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ at 100 Hz, the product of observable volume and measurement time exceeded that of all previous runs within the first 16 days of coincident observation. On September 14th, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed a transient gravitational-wave signal determined to be the coalescence of two black holes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 (2016)], launching the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. The event, GW150914, was observed with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 24 in coincidence by the two detectors. Here we present the main features of the detectors that enabled this observation. At full sensitivity, the Advanced LIGO detectors are designed to deliver another factor of three improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio for binary black hole systems similar in masses to GW150914.

539 citations


Authors

Showing all 27183 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Anil K. Jain1831016192151
Martin Karplus163831138492
Herbert A. Simon157745194597
Suvadeep Bose154960129071
Rajesh Kumar1494439140830
Kevin Murphy146728120475
Jonathan D. G. Jones12941780908
Douglas E. Soltis12761267161
Peter W. Kalivas12342852445
Chris Somerville12228445742
Pamela S. Soltis12054361080
Yuehe Lin11864155399
Howard I. Maibach116182160765
Jizhong Zhou11576648708
Farshid Guilak11048041327
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202398
2022344
20212,786
20202,783
20192,691
20182,370