Westinghouse Electric

About: Westinghouse Electric is a company organization based out in Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Brake & Circuit breaker. The organization has 27959 authors who have published 38036 publications receiving 523387 citations.

Precipitation of carbides in low-carbon Fe-AI-C alloys

Abstract: High-purity Fe-C alloys containing up to 5.8 pct Al were quenched from 730°C, then aged at temperatures up to 400°C. Precipitation of a carbide transition phase (presumably e) and of cementite were followed by transmission electron microscopy, coercive force measurements, and changes in yield strength. The presence of aluminum increases the temperature at which cementite begins to precipitate during aging. This effect is similar to that produced by silicon in ferrite, and opposite to that produced by manganese. It is suggested that the effects of Si, Mn, and Al on cementite precipitation from ferrite arise from the effects of these elements on the stability of cementite, as reflected in the equilibrium partition of carbon between cementite and ferrite.

Enhanced distributed power

Abstract: A train throttle and brake control apparatus is provided for use in a train having a master locomotive and one or more slave locomotives remotely located in the train. In a first embodiment, the apparatus includes a train force calculator which approximates train coupler forces based on computations as a function of the track topography. In a second embodiment, a coupler sensor is provided which senses the forces transmitted by the couplers on the slave locomotives. In either embodiment, a position determining device is included which provides a position signal based on the position of the train. A storage device stores a track database containing track topography information. A controller uses the coupler force computations or measurements, the position information, the track topography information, train consist information, and locomotive control settings to generate slave control signals which are provided to the slave locomotives through a communication device.

Defect Structure and Electrical Conductivity of ThO2-Y2O3 Solid Solutions

Abstract: Compositions in the system ThO2-YO1.5 were coprecipitated as oxalates and converted to oxides. Disks were pressed and sintered in oxygen at 1400° to 2200°C. Densities of the sintered disks were 96 to 98% of theoretical. Solid solutions with the fluorite-type structure were formed up to 20 to 25 mole % YO1.5 at 1400°C and up to 45 to 50 mole % YO1.5 at 2200°C. Density data showed that these solid solutions correspond to Th1—xYxO2—0.5x, having a complete cation sub-lattice filled by Th4+ and Y3+ ions, and vacancies in the anion sublattice. The observed increase in electrical conductivity with increase in YO1.5content is consistent with charge transport by oxygen ions through a vacancy mechanism. Approximately 7 mole % ThO2 is soluble in YO1.5 at 2200°C. Density results indicate an anion interstitial structure for the Y2O3 phase. Transference number measurements indicate that the electrical conductivities are only partly due to ions.

Assessment of service induced microstructural damage and its rejuvenation in turbine blades

Abstract: Correlations between service induced microstructural degradation and creep properties in investment cast IN738LC turbine blades are discussed. Microstructural degradation in the form of γ’ coarsen-ing, MC carbide degeneration, formation of continuous networks of grain boundary M23C6 carbides, and the disappearance of serrated grain boundaries are considered in some detail. Their influence on primary (t p ,e p ), secondary (t s , e s ,e m ) and tertiary (tt, et) creep behavior is analyzed through rela-tionships of the form: $$\left( {\frac{{t_p + t_s }}{{\varepsilon _p + \varepsilon _s }}} \right)\dot \varepsilon _m = K(Initial transient behavior)$$ $$\begin{gathered} \left( {t_{t/\varepsilon _t }^{2 33} } \right)\dot \varepsilon _m = K(Intragranular creep governed \hfill \\ by \gamma ' interparticle spacing) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ $$\begin{gathered} \left[ { - t_{t/(e^{ - 50_\varepsilon } t - 1)} } \right]\dot \varepsilon _m = K_2 (Intragranular creep governed \hfill \\ by mobile dislocation density) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ and $$\left( {t_t /\varepsilon _t } \right)\dot \varepsilon _m = K(Grain boundary cavity nucleation)$$ These relationships are able to reveal service induced degeneration effects and can therefore be used to qualify rejuvenated blades. A systematic strategy for designing a HIPping rejuvenation cycle for Ni-base superalloys is presented. Once a rejuvenation cycle is designed, the above-mentioned relationships can then be used to analyze the extent of the rejuvenation of microstructure and creep properties in reheat-treated or hot isostatically pressed service exposed turbine blades. The influ-ence of trace amounts of Zr on creep properties of service exposed IN738LC turbine blades is also highlighted.