Westinghouse Electric

About: Westinghouse Electric is a company organization based out in Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Brake & Signal. The organization has 27959 authors who have published 38036 publications receiving 523387 citations.

Temperature Dependence of the Electron- O + 2 -Ion Recombination Coefficient

Abstract: The temperature dependence of the coefficient for the recombination of electrons with mass-identified ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+}$ ions has been determined from observations of the electron and ion decay rates in the afterglow following "single-pulse" microwave discharges in ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-Ne, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-Ne-Ar, and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-Ne-Kr gas mixtures Temporal mass analysis, utilizing multichannel signal-averaging techniques, shows similar decay rates for the electrons and for the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+}$ ions over the major portion of the afterglow The observed recombination coefficient, $\ensuremath{\alpha}({{\mathrm{O}}_{2}}^{+})$, has a temperature dependence approximated by ${{T}_{\mathrm{gas}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, the values at temperatures of 205, 295, and 690\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K being (30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}03)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, (22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}02)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, and (10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}02)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec, respectively At the lower temperatures the dimer ion ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{} ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+}$ becomes significantly more important Analysis of the data yields a coefficient of approximately 23 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/sec for the recombination of this ion with electrons at a temperature of 205\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K

Schedule-based load estimator and method for electric power and other utilities and resources

Abstract: A method for schedule-based load estimation in a system including a utility energy provider and a utility energy consumer, comprises the steps of generating a near-term proposed schedule set containing at least one near-term proposed schedule for operation of power-consuming resources; monitoring energy consumption of the consumer for providing a set of historical consumption data; providing from priorly stored data a set of historical schedule data for the consumer; providing a set of historical unscheduled factors that affect the consumer's power consumption; providing a set of unscheduled factor predictions; and performing a correlation operation on the near-term proposed schedule set, the set of historical consumption data, the set of historical schedule data, the set of historical unscheduled factors, and the set of unscheduled factor predictions, for providing a respective near-term load estimate for each near-term proposed schedule in the near-term proposed schedule set.

Rotary-bending fatigue characteristics of medical-grade Nitinol wire.

Abstract: The rotary bending fatigue properties of medical-grade Nitinol wires were investigated under conditions of 0.5-10% strain amplitudes to a maximum of 10(7) cycles. The results from this study provide insight into the behavior of Nitinol under fully reversed (emin/emax=-1) fatigue conditions for three compositions, two surface conditions and three test temperatures. For pseudoelastic conditions there are four distinct regions of the strain-cycle curves that are related to phases (austenite, stress-induced martensite, and R-Phase) and their respective strain accommodation mechanisms. In contrast, there are only two regions for the strain-cycle curves for thermal martensite. It was further observed that the strain amplitude to achieve 10(7)-cycles increases with both decreasing test temperature and increasing transformation temperature. Fatigue behavior was not, however, strongly influenced by wire surface condition. SEM of the fracture surfaces showed that the fatigue fracture area increased with decreasing strain amplitude. Finite element analysis was used to illustrate strain distributions across the wire as well as to calculate the tension-compression contributions to the rotary bending curves. The results from this investigation are discussed with respect to mechanisms of strain accommodation under cyclic tensile and compressive conditions.

Low temperature process for annealing shallow implanted n+/p junctions

Abstract: Disclosed is a low temperature technique for annealing implantation damage and activating dopants. Conventional furnace annealing requires temperatures as high as 1000° to 1100° C. to completely anneal the dopant implantation damage; 75 KeV arsenic implantation followed by 550° C. for 75 minutes and 900° C. for 30 minutes in nitrogen for instance is not sufficient to anneal the implantation damage and results in a leakage current of the order of 1 mA per cm 2 . If, however, subsequent to the arsenic implantation, 0.4 KeV hydrogen ions are implanted using a Kaufman ion source with an accelerator current of 200 milliamp, then only 500° to 600° C. for one hour anneal in nitrogen is sufficient to eliminate the arsenic implantation damage. This results in a leakage current of the order of 5 to 25 nA per cm 2 and a complete dopant activation is achieved.