Westinghouse Electric

About: Westinghouse Electric is a company organization based out in Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Brake & Circuit breaker. The organization has 27959 authors who have published 38036 publications receiving 523387 citations.

Nuclear techniques for detecting the presence of explosives

Abstract: The invention pertains to a nuclear technique for monitoring objects such as luggage and parcels to determine the presence of specified nitrogen containing materials such as explosives as a function of the nitrogen content and concentration profile. Objects to be analyzed to determine the presence of nitrogen are subjected to a thermal neutron environment and the gamma ray radiation produced by the object in response to nitrogen reactions is monitored by gamma ray detectors. The gamma ray detectors produce indications of the nitrogen content of the object and the concentration profile of the nitrogen in the object. The information provided by the gamma ray detectors is processed to determine if the measured nitrogen content and concentration corresponds to a class of nitrogen containing material of interest, i.e. explosives.

Apparatus for treating industrial and domestic waste waters

Abstract: A system for treating waste waters including a pair of concentric tanks forming a space therebetween which serves as an aeration chamber. Untreated but screened waste water is discharged into the (annular) space and withdrawn therefrom by a pump which passes the liquid through an oxygenating device which induces air into the liquid. The liquid is then circulated through long tubing wound around the outside peripheral surface of the tank to obtain intimate contact between the gas, liquid and solids therein and to convert dissolved material into insoluble material by a conventional biochemical process. The liquid thus processed in the tubing is introduced into the central or inner tank where the treated solids rise to the surface for recycling in the system while the liquid effluent is filtered and discharged to a river or stream.

The Kinetics of the Oxidation of Cobalt

Abstract: The kinetics of oxidation of cobalt is a complex problem since the metal forms two or more oxides and the metal itself has a phase transition from hexagonal to face‐centered cubic at a temperature between 300° and 500°C.The vacuum microbalance method is used to study the effect of time, temperature, pressure, pretreatment, etc., on the rate of the reaction at temperatures below 700°C. The hexagonal (cold‐worked) form of cobalt was found to oxidize more rapidly than the cubic (annealed) form. The rate of reaction was found to increase abruptly between 600° and 700°C. The rate data are interpreted in terms of the transition state theory and the energy and entropy of activation for the reaction calculated.Valensi has discussed the oxidation mechanism above 700°C in terms of diffusion of oxygen through the oxide lattice. Electron diffraction studies on the solid phase reaction of to give indicate that the cobalt diffuses through the oxide at temperatures as low as 450°C. An alternate mechanism to that proposed by Valensi is suggested to account for the reaction based on the diffusion of cations and electrons.

Rail and armature current distributions in electromagnetic launchers

Abstract: The current and magnetic field distributions in the rails and armature of an electromagnetic launcher are obtained in closed form for the steady state. These solutions assume that the armature moves with a steady velocity and account fully for the two-dimensional skin effect caused by the relative motion between the rails and the armature. Both solid and laminated armatures are considered. It is found in the case of the laminated armature that the phenomenon can be described by a single dimensionless parameter, \frac{\ell}{w}\frac{\sigma_{o}}{\sigma_{r}}\sqrt{\frac{u\ell}{\pi\eta_{r}}} .

Temperature Dependence of the Emission of an Improved Manganese-Activated Magnesium Germanate Phosphor

Abstract: A number of recent researches have been concerned with magnesium germanate phosphors. An improved such phosphor is reported here having over twice the brightness of the previous compositions as prepared in this laboratory, and which shows peak luminescence efficiency at temperatures near 350°C. Temperature dependence of luminescence studies on the improved composition and the others showed little difference between them in this respect though the data are in striking contrast with those reported by others. A partial explanation of the pronounced temperature effect (for temperatures <350°C) is presented and is based upon the broadening of the excitation spectrum at elevated temperatures in such a way as to increase absorption of the exciting radiation (3650A). Data are presented showing differences in the temperature dependence relation effected by wave-length of excitation and method of measurement; in addition, curves are included showing the variation of phosphorescence (t=1/120 sec.) with temperature as well as curves showing excitation and emission characteristics of the phosphor. Finally a practical application of this high temperature luminescence is demonstrated in the color corrected high pressure mercury lamps the emission characteristics of which are briefly discussed.