Westinghouse Electric

About: Westinghouse Electric is a company organization based out in Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Brake & Circuit breaker. The organization has 27959 authors who have published 38036 publications receiving 523387 citations.

Theory of noise in metal oxide semiconductor devices

Abstract: Noise in MOS diodes arises from different sources: fluctuations in occupation of surface states, shot noise, and leakage noise. Fluctuations in the occupation of surface states produce changes in the surface space-charge distribution which in turn produce currents. Shot noise is produced by fluctuations of the individual drift and diffusion flows toward the surface. Leakage noise is associated with the small flow of current through the oxide. In MOS triodes these three mechanisms give rise to gate noise and thus input noise in the amplifier, but the first one produces an important indirect effect. Fluctuations in the occupation of interface states result in modulation of the channel conductance. At low frequencies this modulation is the dominant effect, giving rise to a noise power spectrum which resembles 1/f noise. At high frequencies, where only thermal noise in the channel and input noise are of importance, MOS triodes are similar to junction field effect devices from the noise point of view.

Fuel cell generator

Abstract: High temperature solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell generators which allow controlled leakage among plural chambers in a sealed housing. Depleted oxidant and fuel are directly reacted in one chamber to combust remaining fuel and preheat incoming reactants. The cells are preferably electrically arranged in a series-parallel configuration.

Dual fuel gas turbine combustor

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine having primary and secondary combustion zones. The combustor has a centrally disposed dual fuel nozzle that can supply a fuel rich mixture of either liquid and gaseous fuel to the primary combustion zone. The combustor also has primary gas fuel spray bars for supplying a lean mixture of gaseous fuel to the primary combustion zone via a first annular pre-mixing passage and secondary gas fuel spray bars for supplying a lean mixture of gaseous fuel to the secondary combustion zone via a second annular pre-mixing passage. In addition, the combustor also has a plurality of liquid fuel spray nozzles for introducing a lean mixture of liquid fuel into the secondary combustion zone via the second annular pre-mixing passage. The liquid fuel spray nozzles are disposed in fan shaped channels that are arranged in a circumferential array and that are connected to the second annular pre-mixing passage. The fan shaped channels cause expansion of the spray of fuel from the liquid spray nozzles and serve to ensure good atomization of the liquid fuel prior to its introduction into the second annular pre-mixing passage.

Theory of electron diffusion parallel to electric fields. ii. application to real gases.

Abstract: The theoretical analysis of the preceding paper is extended to include inelastic collisions. The resulting theory is then used to obtain values for the diffusion coefficient ${D}_{L}$, which is appropriate for electrons diffusing parallel to an electric field. Theoretical values of $\frac{{D}_{L}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ are compared with values of $\frac{{D}_{T}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ as a function of $\frac{E}{N}$ for the gases helium, argon, hydrogen, deuterium, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, krypton, and xenon; $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is the electron mobility, ${D}_{T}$ is the diffusion coefficient for electron diffusion perpendicular to the electric field, $E$ is the electric field strength, and $N$ the number density of the gas. A comparison is also made between theoretical values of $\frac{{D}_{L}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and the available experimental values of this quantity. Experimental differences that have been observed between ${D}_{L}$ and ${D}_{T}$ of the order of a factor of seven in argon and a factor of two in helium, hydrogen, and nitrogen are satisfactorily explained.

Formulation of a Reflector-Design Problem for a Lighting Fixture

Abstract: The problem of designing a reflector to distribute the illumination of a nonisotropic point source on a plane aperture according to a pre-assigned pattern is analyzed. An integral equation and equivalent partial differential equation are derived. The form of the latter reveals this reflector-design problem to be a singular elliptic Monge–Ampere boundary-value problem.