Showing papers by "Wichita State University published in 1970"

Factors Influencing Member Participation in Trade Union Activities

Abstract: Are you an active member, the kind that would be missed? Or are you just contented, that your name is on the list? Do you attend the meetings, and mingle with the flock? Or do you stay at home to criticize and knock? Do you ever go to visit a member who is sick? Or leave the work to just a few and talk about the clique? Think this over, member-you know right from wrong Are you an active member, or do you just belong?1

Free vibration of circular cylindrical shells of finite length

Abstract: = mean radius of the shell = arbitrary complex constants = modulus of elasticity = thickness of shell wall = length of shell = number of circumferential waves around shell = mode identification number; equal to the number of axial nodal circles, excluding the ends, plus 1 = time = displacements of a point in the middle surface of the shell (axial, tangential, and radial, respectively) = axial and circumferential coordinates respectively = ith root of the auxiliary equation = mass density of shell = circular frequency = frequency parameter, = paco(l — p)/E = poisson's ratio E h L m p

Relative susceptibilities of caffeine-sensitive and caffeine-resistant strains of Candida albicans to inactivation and mutation by ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: Stable variants having increased resistance to growth inhibition by caffeine were obtained from four different absolute, amino acid auxotrophs of Candida albicans. Differences in growth rates and expression of auxotrophy between the resistant (CafR) variants and their sensitive (CafS) progenitors suggest that caffeine resistance arises through suppressor mutations which affect the fidelity of messenger RNA translation. Both CafS and CafR strains of C. albicans are more susceptible to inactivation by ultraviolet radiation (uv) when grown at 37°C rather than 25°C following exposure. Post irradiation growth on caffeine potentiates ultraviolet inactivation of all CafS strains at both temperatures. Depending on its origin, a CafR strain (i) may show greater, lesser or the same intrinsic susceptibility to uv inactivation as its CafS parent at 25°C or at 37°C and (ii) may or may not be refractory to post-irradiation contact with caffeine. CafR variants independently isolated from a given auxotroph are alike in inactivational responses whereas those obtained from different auxotrophs are dissimilar. This implies that different suppressor mutations are unique in the way they affect expression of potentially lethal uv damage and that only one kind of suppressor is obtained by selection for caffeine resistance in a particular auxotroph. The histidine requiring CafR strain WB-2CR is much more resistant to uv inactivation that its CafS parent WB-2. Moreover, post-irradiation survival of WB-2CR is unaffected by caffeine. However, WB-2CR and WB-2 are equally susceptible to uv-induced reversion to prototrophy. In both strains, caffeine does not enhance uv-induced reversion at 25°C or 37°C and exhibits an antimutagenic activity at high uv dosage at 37°C. The findings reinforce previously reported indications that, in C. albicans, (i) caffeine-sensitive excision-repair of uv damaged DNA does not occur and (ii) caffeine potentiates uv cellular inactivation by disturbing post-irradiation synthesis of protein essential for recovery from non-genetic damage.

Waveguide modes of a warm drifting uniaxial electron plasma

Abstract: The dispersion relation for guided waves in warm drifting uniaxial electron plasma is derived. The phase characteristics of the "fast," "slow," and "waveguide" waves are discussed and presented as graphs with the normalized empty guide cutoff frequency as the parameter.

A source of large inductance and concentrated moving magnetic fields on axons

Abstract: Recent efforts of one of us (HML) have been directed toward demonstrating that line inductance must be included in any mathematical formulation of the electrical properties of axons, for nerve and muscle as well as pacemaker and receptor cells. This is in order that such a formulation will yield the required propagation behavior, free of numerical instability, and in order that the results obtained therefrom will be in agreement with certain empirical facts that seem to be indispensable in describing highly organized life. These efforts have yielded unquestionable, if somewhat indirect, evidence of the occurrence of magnetic fields that accompany every action potential, and of surprisingly large inductance characteristics for any axon which is thin enough to be regarded as a transmission line. Meanwhile, what appear to be relatively large magnetic fields propagating with action potentials have actually been detected on axons! Moreover, the continuing efforts of two schools working independently for approximately a decade have been directed toward removing any possibility that these findings are due to secondary electrostatic effects occuring in the detection equipment, and have left workers convinced that their results are essentially correct. The last statement is based on a private communication from J. A. Gengerelli, University of California, Los Angeles, May 11, 1969. Reflecting on the manner in which current is known to travel along an axon and through its membrane, we see that the current accompanying an action potential circulates in tightly wound toroidal sheets about the perimeter of a cross section which itself moves with the action potential. Maxwell's equations are used here to show that the line inductance of such toroidal sheets of current is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the axon. For any superthreshold phenomena on an axon, the inductance is therefore quite large, undoubtedly large enough to give what is known as a “Heavified” or “Pupinized” line in linear approximation. For subthreshold phenomena, the induced voltage would be small even if the inductance coefficient were large. It is speculated here that highly concentrated magnetic fields are thus produced by an action potential and focused on the membrane in front of it, there either to serve directly as motive power in gating for entry and exit of sodium and potassium ions, respectively, or to serve as electromechanical chemical agents which trigger in the membrane molecular level activities that have the same effect.

The Structure of Parents' Intrafamilial Attitudes and Sentiments Measured by Objective Tests and a Vector Model

Abstract: (1970) The Structure of Parents' Intrafamilial Attitudes and Sentiments Measured by Objective Tests and a Vector Model The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol 82, No 2, pp 231-252

Generations and the development of political behavior

Abstract: (1970). Generations and the development of political behavior. Politics: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 18-29.

Absence of interaction between photo-reactivation and temperature-dependent dark recovery of ultraviolet irradiated yeasts

Abstract: Yeast cells possess a temperature-dependent mechanism for dark recovery from ultraviolet irradiation. Evidence is presented that this recovery mechanism affects a different kind of ultraviolet damage than that repaired through photoreactivation. Since photoreactivation is due specifically to removal of the cardinal ultraviolet induced DNA lesions contributing to cellular inactivation, the findings are consistent with previous evidence that temperature-dependent dark recovery of irradiated yeasts occurs through the repair or by-passing of non-genetic inactivational damage.

Observations On the Spoor of the Anostracan Branchinecta

Abstract: [Der Anostrake Branchinecta cf. lindahli hinterlast bei niedrigen Wasserstanden Spuren im Boden-substrat, weil er bei normalen Schwimmmanovern mit seiner nach unten gekehrten Ruckenseite den Boden aufwuhlt. Dadurch kommt es auch zu einem moglichen Transport des aufgewirbelten Sediments. Typische Spuren sind unter anderem: sauber abgefegte Bodenareale, kleinste Furchen und verschiedene Schlepp- und Druckmarkierungen., Der Anostrake Branchinecta cf. lindahli hinterlast bei niedrigen Wasserstanden Spuren im Boden-substrat, weil er bei normalen Schwimmmanovern mit seiner nach unten gekehrten Ruckenseite den Boden aufwuhlt. Dadurch kommt es auch zu einem moglichen Transport des aufgewirbelten Sediments. Typische Spuren sind unter anderem: sauber abgefegte Bodenareale, kleinste Furchen und verschiedene Schlepp- und Druckmarkierungen.]

A formulation concerning the electrical effects of axon variations from cylindrical shape: Spindle cells and bulbous synapses

Abstract: The reformulation [5, 6] of the equations of A. L. Hodgkin and A. F. Huxley, designed to eliminate a gross numerical instability found in [4], still treats axons which are circular cylinders. Here an investigation in precise terms is undertaken to determine the electrical effects of cross-section perimeter variations with distance on the axon. The H-H empirical determinations relating to the ion conductances of the membrane of the giant axon of the squid Loligo, being the only such data available in precise terms, are still used. We develop the necessary partial differential equations and find that a certain set of ordinary differential equations, modified to account for radius variations, can be used to model the electrical behavior of some important axons which are still thin but markedly noncylindrical. It is assumed that a bulbous chemical synapse can still be treated as thin, although the perimeter of the cross section at the widest girth of the cell body is quite large compared to that at the hillock. It is more obvious, but perhaps not so important, that spindle cells can be so treated.

A Numerical Method for Predicting the Pressure History of a Sonic Boom Wave Incident on Arbitrarily Oriented Plane Walls

Abstract: Sonic boom wave pressure history prediction on arbitrarily oriented plane walls by explicit fixed mesh time dependent numerical method

Boundedness theorems and other mathematical studies of a Hodgkin-Huxley type system of differential equations - Numerical treatment of thresholds and stationary values

Abstract: We present here a study of the Hodgkin-Huxley system of four first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (with initial values) as reformulated by H.M. Lieberstein. The original Hodgkin-Huxley system modeled the development and propagation of voltage impulses on nerve fibers. It was altered by Dr. Lieberstein so as to include the effects of line inductance and line capacitance without introducing any new parameters. It included the application of a sustained constant membrane current density I 0 . The inclusion of I 0 enables the system to model the electrical behavior of smooth muscle cells, pacemaker cells, receptor cells, and cells with a plateau-type behavior, in addition to nerve cells. In Part I, after a section that provides background material and preliminary facts concerning the system, local existence, uniqueness, and analyticity of solutions to the system are proved. Boundedness of the solutions is proved in Part II. It isproved there that three of the four solution components ( n, m, and h ) have lower bounds of zero and upper bounds of one. The lower boundedness of the fourth component, the membrane voltage v , is then proved, followed by a proof for upper boundedness. A second proof for lower boundedness is also given. Boundedness of the solutions leads to the existence and uniqueness of solutions for all nonnegative time. The continuous dependence of the solutions on initial values and parameters follows. Besides proving that the sensitivity to parameters inherent in the original Hodgkin-Huxley model is removed, continuous dependence also limits the mathematical possibilities that could be involved in the threshold phenomenon that appears in the equations. New bounds for n, m, and h are also obtained from the fact that v is bounded. In Part III, the mathematical possibilities that might govern the threshold phenomena that appear in the model are examined and new numerical work is presented, which indicates that the model yields solutions that are intermediate to the “on” and “off” solutions expected with such phenomena. Then theorems and numerical work are presented indicating that stationary points are not involved in the threshold phenomenon, although they do determine the behavior of the system at large positive times.

Prediction of geometry of sonic boom waves incident on arbitrarily oriented plane walls

Abstract: Sonic boom incident and ground reflected waves action on exterior wall, calculating arrival time as functions of aircraft speed and altitude and wall slope

Numerical solution of nonlinear equations for spinning shallow spherical shells

Abstract: Nonlinear spinning shallow spherical shell equations solved for equilibrium stress and displacement distributions, discussing inertia loading

Material Conditions on Tests of Statistical Hypotheses

Abstract: Orthodox statistical theory, which is the theory used by most practicing statisticians, physicists, biologists, and social scientists, assumes there are objective probabilities which are properties of physical systems. Statistical hypothesis testing is a branch of statistical theory concerned with a theory for accepting or rejecting statements which ascribe these objective probabilities to particular physical systems. Since use of the theory of statistical hypothesis testing leads to the acceptance or rejection of a kind of empirical statement, I shall assume that this theory is a part of inductive logic. Recent philosophical inquiries have largely ignored orthodox statistical theory, and personalistic (or Bayesian) statisticians have attacked it. Since the theory is so widely used, it is important to reexamine its foundations and its place in the canon of inductive logic. In particular I shall be directly concerned with the Neyman-Pearson theory of statistical hypothesis testing, because most of orthodox hypothesis testing is based on the considerations which underlie this theory.

The term structure of interest rates, portfolio theory, and the role of length to maturity in selecting united states government securities

Abstract: THE ROLE ASCRIBED to maturity vis a vis anticipated interest rates is a basic issue in term-structure theory. David Meiselman's model-the expectations hypothesis and his forecasting framework which uses an error-learning model-assumes that portfolios are chosen according to expected interest rates. The expectations hypothesis holds that in equilibrium one plus any n-period yield equals the geometric mean of one plus each of the n single-period yields expected over the same time span. Alternatively, it is argued that the rate structure reflects supply and demand conditions in separate markets for securities of different maturity. This follows from assuming that investors select portfolios on the basis of maturity. In response, this dissertation comprises three related studies: (1) an historical and critical review of the expectations hypothesis; (2) an attempt to show that maturity diversification follows from the uncertainty of future interest rates; (3) use of daa from the U.S. Treasury Survey of Ownership to examine the maturity distribution of institutional portfolios. Historically, the expectations hypothesis is associated with Irving Fisher, John R. Hicks, Frederick R. Macaulay, and John Burr Williams. Common to their research is the definition of an average rate or return over n periods in terms of n certain one-period interest rates. Although this tautology can be derived from the presentvalue formula, Fisher and Hicks discuss it with reference to an economic analogue, viz., if future one-period interest rates are certain, then a package of n successive single-period loans is identical to one loan extending over the same n periods. The initial link between the tautology and market phenomena appears in Macaulay and Fisher. Both imply that the observed behavior of long-term relative to short-term interest rates is similar to the statistical relationship between a mean and its individual components: The variance of long-term rates is less than the variance of short-term rates just as the variance of means (the sampling distribution) is less than that of the parent population. However, this analogy does not provide a basis for Williams' assertion that long-term rates are an average of short-term rates. Friedrich A. Lutz and David Meiselman argue from postulated investor behavior that the tautology can be viewed as a condition for market equilibrium vis d vis its use in the purely descriptive analogy presented above. However, employing assumptions to convert a tautology into an equilibrium condition is questionable. If oneperiod rates are certain for n periods hence, all transactors know what these rates are, and if roll-over costs are zero, then the n-period interest rate can be calculated from the tautology. That is all. Concepts such as "market" and "equilibrium" are not applicable. Indeed, these notions form no part of the derivations presented by Fisher and Hicks. The expectations hypothesis and the error-learning model apparently apply when future one-period rates are uncertain. However, the shift from certainty to uncertainty is effected only by substituting "expected" for "certain" in the tautology.

Velocity-Space Plasma Instabilities due to Self-Interaction of a Single Species

Abstract: We discuss electrostatic instabilities in an infinite uniform homogeneous plasma imbedded in a uniform magnetic field that are driven by the anisotropy of the velocity distribution function of only one of the species that comprise the plasma. Specifically, we discuss three instabilities that arise when the temperature of the driving species perpendicular to the applied magnetic field is different from its temperature parallel to the magnetic field, and the velocity distribution of the driving species perpendicular to the field is (a) a Maxwellian, (b) a losscone type, and (c) a $\ensuremath{\delta}$ function. Results are presented for two cases when the driving species are (a) the ions and (b) the electrons. Results show that these instabilities appear only when the plasma frequency of the driving species becomes comparable to or larger than its cyclotron frequency.