Showing papers by "Wichita State University published in 1979"

Internal Invalidity in Pretest-Posttest Self-Report Evaluations and a Re-evaluation of Retrospective Pretests:

Abstract: True experimental designs (Designs 4, 5, and 6 of Campbell & Stanley, 1963) are thought to provide internally valid results. This paper describes five studies involving the evaluation of various tr...

An Optimal Frequency Domain Filter for Edge Detection in Digital Pictures

Abstract: Edge detection and enhancement are widely used in image processing applications. In this paper we consider the problem of optimizing spatial frequency domain filters for detecting edges in digital pictures. The filter is optimum in that it produces maximum energy within a resolution interval of specified width in the vicinity of the edge. We show that, in the continuous case, the filter transfer function is specified in terms of the prolate spheroidal wave function. In the discrete case, the filter transfer function is specified in terms of the sampled values of the first-order prolate spheroidal wave function or in terms of the sampled values of an asymptotic approximation of the wave function. Both versions can be implemented via the fast Fourier transform (FFT). We show that the optimum filter is very effective for detecting blufred and noisy edges. Finally, we compare the performance of the optimum edge detection filter with other edge detection filters using a variety of input images.

Political Participation and Government Responsiveness: The Behavior of California Superior Courts

Abstract: Students of democratic politics have long been concerned with the role of political participation in linking government and the people it serves. Whereas participation is generally defined in terms of voting, this article defines participation as the communication of citizen preferences to public officeholders. We show that aggregate sentencing decisions of California superior courts changed to reflect more closely prevailing public opinion after a large percentage of the populace expressed their preferences on a marijuana issue. The fact that members of California superior courts are seemingly immune from any effective electoral sanction serves both to underline the importance of this form of participation to a responsive system of government and to caution against conceiving of the participation-responsiveness relationship only in terms of punitive electoral devices.

Of Indians and Anthropologists

Abstract: The Modern Sioux: Social Systems and Reservation Culture. Ethel Nurge, ed. The Cherokee Nation of Indians. Charles C. Royce. Introduction by Richard Mack Bettis, President, Tulsa Tsa-La-Gi-Ya Cherokee Community. Native American Library. Historical Sketch of the Cherokee. James Mooney. Foreword by W. W. Keeler, Chief of the Cherokee Nation. Introduction by Richard Mack Bettis, President, Tulsa Tsa-La-Gi-Ya Cherokee Community. Native American Library.

A theoretical model to estimate some ergonomic parameters from age, height and weight.

Abstract: A model to predict some anthropometric, biomechanical and work physiology parameters from age, height and weight is described. The capabilities and restrictions of the model are presented. Predicted values of 83 ergonomic parameters for a sample of 250 healthy males has shown close agreement with the observed values reported in the available literature. Recommendations as to the refinement and improvement of the model are made.

Pioneer Jesuits in Northern Mexico.

Abstract: The author is narrating the early adventures and hardships of those who founded missions in and beyond the mountain system called the Sierra Madre Occidental.

Properties and performance of fine-filament bronze-process Nb 3 Sn conductors

Abstract: Fine-filament bronze-process Nb3Sn superconductors were fabricated to fulfill stringent requirements on critical current under tension in a one-inch bend diameter, current density, stability, and conductor losses. A large fraction of niobium filaments was incorporated in a bronze matrix, and a cable containing 4453 2-micron diameter filaments in each of six strands provided a current density of 85,000 A/sq cm at 10 to the -11th ohm-cm, 10 T, and 4.2 K. The next step was to incorporate copper stabilizer in a conductor with 20,538 filaments. These conductors, fabricated so that bend strains of about 1% would be experienced by the filaments in the one-inch bend, stably carried currents in the 200-500 A range. A quench current of 540 A in a 5-cm bend corresponds to 158,000 A/sq cm in the bronze and filament area, believed to be the highest critical current density reported for multifilamentary Nb3Sn.

The Application of Operations Research in Commercial Banking Companies

Abstract: This paper presents a “snapshot” view of the current level of use of operations research by 52 of the 100 largest commercial banking companies in the United States. The paper indicates which operations research methods are being used on a selected set of 18 important problems in commercial banking, a measure of the extent of use of the various operations research methods on the problems, and an indication of the impact of bank size on the use of operations research by the banks.

Emotional Disturbance or Social Misperception? An Important Classroom Management Question

Abstract: Children who are characterized as unusually boisterous, aggressive, withdrawn, or destructive are often labeled "behaviorally disordered." The term behavioral disorder is generally applied to children who have significant problems interacting with peers, teachers, parents, or others within their social environment. Identifying a behaviorally disordered child in the elementary classroorh can appear quite easy, for this broad classification has been assigned to those who practice behavior that is consistently contrary to the norms and expectations of peers and/or the teacher. There is much reason to question the accuracy of many such diagnoses and labels (Fremont & Wallbrown 1979). Growing evidence from the field of learning disabilities suggests that many children who have been called behavior problems are, in fact, children with social misperceptions (Fremont, Seifert, & Wilson 1977, Fremont, Wallbrown, & Nelson 1978, Wiig & Semel 1976). For example, if some youngsters can experience academic failure due to learning disability or perceptual deficits, it stands to reason that others can experience social problems resulting from faulty social perception. That is not to say that all academic learning disabled youngsters experience social perception difficulties, nor is it to say that all youngsters with social perception problems experience academic learning disability. Nevertheless, a significant number of social deviants experience faulty social perception that is responsible for their inappropriate display of social behaviors and/or faulty interpretation of the behaviors of others. Classroom teachers and school mental health specialists must be better equipped to determine which students who practice deviant behavior are behaviorally disordered and which students are experiencing faulty social perception.

A microprocessor-controlled photon counter for pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance.

Abstract: In pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy, a lock‐in amplifier is used to monitor the signal which is phase‐matched to the duty cycle of an applied sequence of pulses. However, since the desired signals reside atop a much larger amplitude‐modulated signal, lock‐in amplification methods are difficult to use. Commerically available photon counters are of limited use, because the pulsed ODMR method requires sequential counting over several time intervals, often with minimum time delay between the intervals. The multiaccumulator photon counter described here is capable of such sequential counting over as many as four intervals. The microprocessor which controls the counter algebraically manipulates the photon counts during each of the duty cycles. The result is an inexpensive yet versatile photon counter which is suited for pulsed ODMR and other applications in which sequential counting is necessary.

Wind tunnel force and pressure tests of a 21% thick general aviation airfoil with 20% aileron, 25% slotted flap and 10% slot-lip spoiler

Abstract: Force and surface pressure distributions were measured for the 21% LS(1)-0421 modified airfoil fitted with 20% aileron, 25% slotted flap and 10% slot lip spoiler. All tests were conducted at a Reynolds number of 2.2 x 10 to the 6th power and a Mach number of 0.13. The lift, drag, pitching moments, control surface normal force and hinge moments, and surface pressure distributions are included in the results. Incremental performance of flap and aileron are discussed and compared to the GA(W)-2 airfoil. Spoiler control which shows a slight reversal tendency at high alpha, is examined.

Population changes induced in Candida albicans by nalidixic acid.

Abstract: Cells of Candida albicans plated on media containing nalidixic acid (Nal) either die, adapt physiologically to Nal-tolerance or mutate to Nal-resistance. The fraction of a population exhibiting each response depends on the growth phase of cells when plated and their nitrogen and carbon nutrition and growth temperatures before and after plating. Nal induces Nal-resistant mutants in very high frequency but only at 37 C on plates containing i) glucose as primary carbon source and ii) adenine, a sulfur amino acid or a representative of the glutamic acid family of amino acids. Nal does not affect either forward mutation to caffeine-resistance or reverse mutation from histidine auxotrophy to prototrophy. Nal-resistant mutants produce minute colonies on Nal-free medium, respire oxidatively and are unusually sensitive to inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. They revert spontaneously to wild type at very high rates but can be propagated indefinitely in the absence of Nal by serial selection and replating of minute colonies. Cellular inactivation and induction of Nal-resistant mutants are greatly affected by specific inhibitors of mitochondrial macromolecular syntheses. The presence of chloramphenicol or erythromycin during exposure to Nal prevents cell death and mutation but has no effect on adaptation to Nal-tolerance. Growth on acriflavin or ethidium bromide enhances resistance of cells to inactivation when subsequently plated on Nal containing media. It is concluded that Nal-induced cellular inactivation and mutation to Nal-resistance, but not adaptation to Nal-tolerance, result from damages to the mitochondrion which are fixed or promoted by macromolecular syntheses within the mitochondrion. Implications of these findings for the therapeutic use of Nal are discussed.

A multivariate approach to perceived innovation in R&D subsystems

Abstract: This study proposes and tests a model concerning perceived innovation in the R&D subsystems of six organisations. Data from a sample of 102 research scientists, representing six industries, are analyzed. It was found that perceived R&D subsystem innovativeness was significantly influenced by the climate of the R&D subsystem, the R&D subsystem structure, and the personal characteristics of the R&D personnel. Managerial implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Karate instruction as a type of craze: An application of smelser's determinants

Abstract: Smelser's theory of collective behavior was applied to a case study of fifty karate students to get an indication of whether or not the recent rise in popularity of karate instruction should be considered a craze that is likely to decline in the future. For comparative purposes a small sample of health spa members were also questioned, since spa participation can provide some of the same physical conditioning benefits at a comparable cost. Compared with spa members, karatekas showed greater evidence of a wish‐fulfillment generalized belief that would lead to learning karate as a means of self‐defense. Karatekas showed a greater fear of criminal victimization and a stronger belief in the effectiveness of karate. All six determinants, including social control, were found, leading to the conclusion that karate instruction is likely to follow a crazelike pattern and decline in popularity, but not completely disappear.

Types of Behavior Problems That May Be Encountered in the Classroom.

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the different patterns of behavior problems that teachers are likely to encounter in the classroom. Different systems for categorizing learning and behavioral problems are considered from the standpoint of whether they involve behaviors that can be observed in the classroom or psychological constructs that must be inferred by mental health specialists. The four behavioral dimensions from the Quay system — personality problems, conduct problems, inadequate-immature behaviors, and socialized delinquency — appear relevant, since they deal with stable behavioral patterns that can be rated reliably in the classroom. Severe emotional problems are also discussed, along with learning disabilities and social misperception, to complete the coverage of behavioral problems. The paper concludes with a few suggestions for informal observation of classroom behavior and specific recommendations for further reading on this topic.

Labeling of LD Children and Teacher Perception

Abstract: Within the past decade great interest has emerged regarding the term \"learning disabilities.\" Difficulty is frequently encountered in making generalizations about the various behavior patterns of children with learning problems. In this broadening field, little research has been directed to the different behavioral and social patterns of boys and girls who have been labeled learning disabled. In addition to the obvious biological difference between boys and girls, roles and stereotypes have been constructed and psychological notions of masculinity and feminity pervade our thinking about how boys and girls should act. In this society, a \"real\" boy plays baseball or football, climbs trees, hates school, and likes blue as his favorite color. A \"real\" girl plays with dolls, jumps rope, is polite to adults, and likes pink dresses. Children who do not conform to these stereotypes are \"sissies\" or \" tomboys.\" Our society finds it easier to understand the girl who acts like a boy, however, than we do the boy who acts like a girl. The girl's behavior may be attributed to her desire to improve her status; the sissy on the other hand, is to be ostracized because

book reviews : The Yanks Are Coming: American Immigration to Australia Dennis Laurence Cuddy, San Francisco, R & E Research Associates, 1977:

Abstract: A second study, on manpower policy, discusses the relationship between educational policy and immigration policy. This study points out that in the 1950s. Australian universities and the immigration program were unable to supply adequate professional manpower and this was used as an argument for the expansion of tertiary education in this country. It did not result in a new immigration policy however. Rather it was decided that the existing policy needed to be more effectively implemented.

Finding a minimal set of base paths of a program

Abstract: An approach to finding a minimal set of base paths of a program is described The program digraph is reduced to a weighted loopfree graph (WLFG) in which a node represents a subgraph of the program digraph that contains at most one outermost loop of the program An algorithm for finding a maximal cutset of the WLFG is given such that (1) a maximal cutset does not contain two arcs that lie on a single path of the WLFG, and (2) its capacity is equal to the cardinality of a minimal set of base paths of the program The algorithm repeatedly finds an eliminable arc and removes it from the WLFG until either the WLFG contains three nodes or no more eliminable arc can be found An illustration is given for finding a maximal cutset and subsequently a minimal set of base paths

A new flow model for highly separated airfoil flows at low speeds

Abstract: An analytical model for separated airfoil flows is presented which is based on experimentally observed physical phenomena. These include a free stagnation point aft of the airfoil and a standing vortex in the separated region. A computer program is described which iteratively matches the outer potential flow, the airfoil turbulent boundary layer, the separated jet entrainment, mass conservation in the separated bubble, and the rear stagnation pressure. Separation location and pressure are not specified a priori. Results are presented for surface pressure coefficient and compared with experiment for three angles of attack for a GA(W)-1, 17% thick airfoil.

A spatial decay estimate for the Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract: An expression for the spatial decay of an energy functional of solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations is given. The decay is exponential in nature with a decay constant which depends only on the geometry of the flow region.

Crack growth in bi-material laminates

Abstract: Growth rates of fatigue cracks have been measured in laminates fabricated by adhesively bonding layers of 2024-T351 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys. The laminates had either two or four layers, with equal thicknesses and numbers of layers of each alloy. Fatigue-crack-propagation tests were performed with through-cracks, giving a crack-divider geometry, the results being compared to those for the two alloys tested in monolithic form. Crack-propagation rates in the bi-material laminates were intermediate between those of the monolithic alloys, with the slower growth in 2024-T351 tending to dominate over a portion of the growth-rate range. Fracture toughnesses of the laminates are also discussed.