Showing papers by "Wichita State University published in 1981"

Interactive Sequential Goal Programming

Abstract: This paper introduces a new solution method based on Goal Programming for Multiple Objective Decision Making (MODM) problems. The method, called Interactive Sequential Goal Programming (ISGP), combines and extends the attractive features of both Goal Programming and interactive solution approaches for MODM problems. ISGP is applicable to both linear and non-linear problems. It uses existing single objective optimization techniques and, hence, available computer codes utilizing these techniques can be adapted for use in ISGP. The non-dominance of the "best-compromise" solution is assured. The information required from the decision maker in each iteration is simple. The proposed method is illustrated by solving a nutrition problem.

Hybridization of Candida albicans through fusion of protoplasts.

Abstract: Protoplasts of complementing auxotrophs of Candida albicans can fuse in the presence of polyethylene glycol and generate prototrophic cells. The yields of prototrophs from fusion mixtures depend greatly on the particular combinations of auxotrophies involved but not on other features of the strain backgrounds of protoplasts. The initial cellular products of fusions isolated on selective media are heterokaryons which replicate slowly but also segregate single parental nuclei into blastospores in high frequency. Karyogamy within heterokaryons produces hybrid nuclei which, on segregation, give rise to rapidly growing, uninucleate substrains. Analyses of the substrains show that hybrid nuclei either stabilize as diploid or undergo random loss of chromosomes to stabilize at various levels of aneuploidy prior to segregation. Chromosome losses and radiation induced mitotic crossing-over can effect recombination for parental auxotrophic markers in hybrids; patterns of recombination for ader and arg markers provide the first documented example of chromosomal linkage in C. albicans. Thus, protoplast fusions offer opportunities otherwise unavailable for applying the incisive tools of genetic recombination to analysis of this important, asexual yeast.

Personal characteristics important in mate preference among college students

Abstract: This study seems to suggest that, over the last ten years at least, several important changes have taken place. Students in this sample appear to be less concerned with the home and children aspects of family life and more concerned with the social aspects. They want more intelligent and better educated mates. Men are much more interested in a woman's looks than in knowing if she is a good cook and housekeeper. Chastity does not seem to be of great concern to either sex and in this sense it does appear that these students have departed from traditional values. The differences emerging in important characteristics in mate selection reflect changes in sex roles, influence by the mass media, increased idealization of romantic love, and current social and economic conditions.

Dimensionality of the job descriptive index

Abstract: The article discusses the results of a study that analyzes the dimensionality of the job descriptive index (JDI), the most widely used measure of job satisfaction. The authors noted that one reason...

An Empirical Search for Stages of Widowhood

Abstract: Developmental theory and clinical experience suggest that stages of adjustment to widowhood beyond the initial stages of grief may exist. Structured interviews with 193 widowed community residents over sixty-two were conducted as part of a needs assessment survey of the elderly in Wichita. One hundred fifty-one variables including eight psycho-social needs, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale scale, age perception, future orientation, presence of or desire for a confidant, contact with children, and participation in work, volunteer, religious and organizational roles were assessed, as well as transportation, nutrition, health care, household and educational needs. The median was used to differentiate short-term from long-term widowhood. The two groups differed significantly on fewer than 5 per cent of the variables. This was true of both widows and widowers. Six categories of widowhood were then defined ranging from less than three years to over twenty years. Only about 6 per cent of the variables we...

The needs of prisoners' wives: A challenge for the mental health professions

Abstract: This research assessed the needs of prisoner's wives in six areas (information, finances, relationships with friends, family relationships, grief, and relationships with children) and determined if stage of separation or previous experience with the correctional system affected those needs. High levels of need were found in each area. Women in the initial stage of separation had significantly greater need for information than women in the pre-reunion stage, but prior experience with the correctional system did not predict needs. Results suggest giving more information to the women at the time of their husbands' trials and the formation of self-help groups.

Rohon‐Beard cells in frog development: A study of temporal and spatial changes in a transient cell population

Abstract: The spatial distribution and temporal disappearance of Rohon-Beard cells in the spinal cords of larval and newly metamorphosed Rana pipiens were studied histologically to provide a basis for further research dealing with this particular cell type. It was found that a maximum number of approximately 250 Rohon-Beard neurons have differentiated within the spinal cord of Rana pipiens by larval stage I. The majority of these cells are located in the cephalic end of the spinal cord, with a large number found near the boundary of the anterior quarter and the second quarter of the spinal cord. Fewer cells are found in the third and fourth quarters. There is a gradual degeneration of these cells during larval life so that by stage XXV, which is the completion of the metamorphic climax, there are no normally appearing Rohn-Beard cells present. Degeneration of the Rohon-Beard cells does not progress cephalocaudally with development, but rather there appears to be a nearly equal proportional loss of Rohon-Beard cells in each quarter of the spinal cord at each of the stages studied. All Rohon-Beard cells present during larval development of Rana pipiens are located in a dorsal position, close to the midline. At all ages and in each quarter of the spinal cord there are no significant bilateral differences in number of these cells.

Low-temperature heat capacities of yttrium, lanthanum, and lutetium sesquisulfides

Abstract: The heat capacities of $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{YS}}_{1491}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$, $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$, and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Lu}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ were measured from 12 to 20 K and that of $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{YS}}_{1497}$ from 03 to 20 K The heat capacities of the two ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ samples and the ${\mathrm{Lu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ sample exhibited only a ${T}^{3}$ dependence, ie, the electronic specific constant $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ was found to be zero within \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}002 mJ/g-at${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ This indicates that these materials are insulators or semiconductors The temperature dependence of the heat capacity of the two substoichiometric $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{YS}}_{x}$ samples exhibited both $T$ and ${T}^{3}$ dependences The small $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ values indicated that some conduction electrons were present, and that the stoichiometric $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ would be a semiconductor or insulator

Sentence Comprehension in Elderly Listeners: The Factor of Rate

Abstract: The study was designed to test the clinical observation that sentence comprehension in elderly listeners is enhanced when rate is slowed (time-expanded) and that comprehension is affected adversely when rate is speeded (time-compressed). Twenty normally-active elderly persons who ranged in age from 65 through 88 years listened to four matched sets of 10 sentences each that were modified electronically to produce the following four rate-alteration percentages: 100% (normal rate), 60% compression, 140% expansion, and 180% expansion. Sentences were presented binaurally to listeners who responded by selecting pictures that matched the sentences heard. Results indicated that sentence comprehension scores were significantly higher (p less than .01) at both the 60% and 140% alteration rates than at the normal speaking rate. Possible effects of the stimulus upon comprehension performance are discussed.

Access to Information and Internal Structures of Partisan Groups: Some Notes on the Iron Law of Oligarchy*

Abstract: Michel's notion of the inevitable and ironic transformation of groups with egalitarian intent into groups with oligarchical practices is examined through an analysis of thirty-four role playing partisan groups. Each group is a triad with an extended shared history or a history of equality that comes with friendship. Each group differentiated itself by selecting a representative to confront another student who played the role of a university dean. In nineteen of the groups the constituents obtained a news report of the outcome of those negotiations independent of their representative's report. In the other fifteen groups the constituents had to depend on their representative's report. In those groups that r,-lied solely on their representative's report, oligarchical interrelations emerged. This zontrasts with the news report groups who maintained egalitarian relationships while developing a political standpoint toward each other, the opposition and the future. We conclude that Michels' statement on organizational oligarchy is illuminated further by a consideration of an emergent monopoly of knowledge. Michels claimed that whoever says organization also says oligarchy. His interest in the complex relationship between any division of labor in an organization and the asymmetrical influence within the organization continues to engage social scientists on both macro and microsociological levels. Our interests, which explicitly address microsociological processes, are based on Michels' observation that oligarchical internal relationships are in contradiction to the goals of a representative democracy aimed at "guaranteeing to all an equal influence and equal participation in the regulation of the common interests" (Michels, 1962: 66). While Michels was more keenly aware of democracy as implemented in large groups, we suggest that his notion of the ironic transformation of groups with egalitarian intent into groups with oligarchial practices can be examined within small groups. Thus, in small as well as in large political or partisan groups, it is necessary, as Michels claimed, to empower some members of subunits to act on behalf of other members to serve as leaders, representatives and spokes

Assertiveness training with children.

Abstract: The efficacy of assertiveness training was examined by comparing it to a structured interview/empathic responding procedure and an activity-control procedure. The participants were 48 children and adolescents who were identified as nonproblematic, mildly problematic, or moderately problematic in reference to school performance, classroom behavior, and interpersonal skills. Assertiveness training resulted in enhanced effectiveness of responding on a behavioral role-play test, and these effects persisted after treatment. Generalization to nontrained role-play scenes was established, but there was no evidence of generalization to interpersonal performance in school. Training of social skills was not more effective than the other procedures in reducing self-reported anxiety or anger. The effectiveness of assertiveness training was not dependent upon age or the occurrence of problematic behavior.

Defensive burying: A cross-species replication and extension

Abstract: Five experiments investigating the display of defensive burying by Mongolian gerbils and mice are reported. Adult gerbils failed to engage in defensive burying when the aversive stimulus consisted of a flashbulb (Experiment 1), an electric shock (Experiment 2), and a chemical substance (Experiment 3). Young gerbils also failed to engage in burying under the flashbulb condition (Experiment 4). Mice, however, engaged in burying under the flashbulb condition (Experiment 5).

Epistemic utility and theory acceptance: Comments on Hempel

Abstract: Professor Hempel has sketched a number of turns in the problem of induction, showing us in the process that the traditional problem of justifying inductive inference is inextricably bound up with problems concerning rational criteria of hypothesis and theory acceptance In taking us through these various turns he surveys, and provides us valuable insights into, several of the guiding trends of a vast and often highly technical literature In the interests of highlighting this valuable feature of his paper and to provide some focus for our subsequent discussion, I shall briefly review some of these turns, placing emphasis on what Hempel notes as the central relevance of certain questions raised by Richard Rudner concerning the character of scientific criteria of hypothesis acceptance There are a number of, to my mind unsettled, issues concerning the task of the scientist qua scientist-particularly, the range of considerations that figure in the acceptance of hypotheses, and, indeed, how such "acceptance" is to be construed and I shall direct the latter part of my commentary to these issues In his opening remarks, Hempel correctly points out that adequate solutions to the problem of justifying the method of inductive ac ceptance, or MIA, depend on a clear characterization of the proposed method and the rules of inference that comprise it Unlike the relatively unproblematic cases of deductive validity, when we apply an inductive rule to a premise such as 'All examined instances of A have been B\ it is not clear what we mean when we say that 'All A are B' inductively follows from it We cannot, of course, say this con clusion follows invariably, nor can we make the initially more plaus ible-sounding claim that when this sort of premise is true it is rational to accept the conclusion, or to act as if it were true: for adherence to the rule, thus construed, can lead us to the reductio predicament of "rationally" accepting logically incompatible conclusions that are supported by the same body of evidence One way to avoid this problem, and thus bring us a step closer to

Counseling Adult Males

Abstract: This article suggests that counselors must examine their own gender-role issues, become aware of the body of knowledge about men which is emerging in the literature, examine the implications of that literature on counseling men, and develop an effective approach to counseling men. The author presents a counseling focus on male gender-role issues similar to a decision model for counseling and explores the use of that focus for both counseling and research with adult males.

Dynamics of wakes downstream of wind turbine towers

Abstract: The near field wakes downstream of circular cylinders and of 12 sided cylinders were surveyed in a wind tunnel. Local velocity and velocity deficit diagrams are presented. The variation of turbulence in the wake was surveyed and the frequency of the periodic component of wake motion was determined. Differences between wakes of circular cylinders and of 12 sided cylinders are discussed. Also effects of strakes, orientation of the 12 sided cylinders, and rounding of the corners are noted.

Production of heterokaryons of Candida albicans by protoplast fusions: Effects of differences in proportions and regenerative abilities of fusion partners.

Abstract: Production of heterokaryons of Candida albicans by polyethylene glycol-induced fusion of complementing auxotrophic protoplasts was assayed in two series of fusion crosses designed to test the significances of the in-put ratios and regenerative abilities of parental protoplasts. The findings indicate that productive fusions require interaction of multiple protoplasts of each complementing type and can occur equally well with either regenerable or non-regenerable protoplasts.

Incrementalism in Financial Strategic Planning

Abstract: I propose the integration of incremental (adaptive) strategic planning into the financial planning model. The model proposed to overcome the weaknesses of comprehensive planning is an incremental behavioral one, and it is supplemented by an incremental budgeting model.

The effects of chronic ethanol challenges on aggressive responding in rats maintained on a semideprivation diet

Abstract: A 2 by 3 factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of type of injection (saline vs. ethanol) and amount injected (.25 cc,.50 cc,.75 cc/100 g body weight) on shock-elicited aggression. All subjects were maintained on a restricted diet for the duration of the experiment. Intraperitoneal injections were administered to all subjects each day for 15 days. On the 15th day, each subject received shock-elicited aggression testing 15 min after the daily injection. The results indicated that the alcohol-injection subjects were significantly more aggressive than were the saline-injected subjects at the.25-cc level, but these subjects were significantly less aggressive at the.75-cc level.

Teacher Identification of Behavior Problems among Junior High School Students: A Preliminary Study.

Abstract: Factors associated with teacher identification of behavior problems among junior high school students were investigated. Teacher-student interactions were compared to examine the differences between students identified as emotionally disturbed and non-identified students. Results indicated there were significant differences between interaction profiles. These were in the areas of student attention-to-task and student scanning behavior while the teacher was instructing.

Intimacy in Widowhood

Abstract: This article explores all intimate relationships potentially available to the widowed woman. Friends, relatives, professionals and non-professional associates are considered, in addition to the deceased spouse, God, and the widow herself. The author concludes that traditional resources are inadequate to meet the widow's intimacy needs. The issue of reciprocity is addressed. The widow's experience stands opposed to human values which needlessly limit definitions of intimacy to dyadic, human relationships among opposite sex age peers. Research is needed to evaluate the correspondence between relationship styles in marriage and those in widowhood, to assess the inter-dependency of the widow's relationships, and to examine individual differences in the intimacy patterns of widows.