Showing papers by "Wichita State University published in 1984"

The Effect of Primary Divisiveness in Gubernatorial and Senatorial Elections

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between primary divisiveness and general election results in gubernatorial and senatorial elections. Previous work in this area has been unable to substantiate this relationship. However, these inconclusive results may be due in part to conceptual and methodological shortcomings. We attempt to avoid such pitfalls in an effort to test the divisive primary hypothesis more effectively. Our study, which analyzes separately gubernatorial and senatorial elections, reveals that a divisive primary adversely affects a party's chance for general election victory. Curiously, the analysis also demonstrates that divisive primaries disadvantage senatorial candidates more than gubernatorial candidates, and Democratics more than Republicans.

A comparative analysis of mother-father speech in the naturalistic home environment

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare qualitatively and quantitatively the communicative interactions of fathers and mothers with their young child in the naturalistic home environment. Ten couples of similar background served as subjects. Three different settings—(a) mother and child, (b) father and child, and (c) mother and father with child—were arranged and 30-minute tape-recordings were made in the homes with the use of wireless recording equipment. Although differences were found as mothers and fathers interacted alone with their child, the similarities outweighed the differences. When both parents were together with their child, there were even fewer differences. The results indicate that both parents can provide very similar programmable input for the child and that the child acquires languages in a rich and highly varied linguistic environment.

Learning/teaching styles: Applying the principles

Abstract: (1984). Learning/teaching styles: Applying the principles. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 23, Matching Teaching and Learning Styles, pp. 77-81.

Structure, Function and Evolution of 5-S Ribosomal RNAs

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure, function, and evolution of 5-S ribosomal RNAs. The recent culmination of new and corrected nucleotide sequences of 5-S RNAs derived from the eubacteria, archaebacteria, eukaryotes, and the organelles reveals that the 5-S ribosomal RNA has been extremely conserved in nucleotide sequence and chain-length during the course of evolution. Eubacterial and eukaryotic 5-S RNAs differ primarily by the presence of a small number of insertions or deletions that are scattered throughout the molecule. Certain regions of the molecule tend to sustain chain-length changes more readily than other regions, e.g., helix V. The nucleotide sequences from a wide range of organisms conform to a generalized secondary structural model. Probes of the 5-S RNA structure by partial nuclease digestions largely confirm this model. In E. coli 5-S RNA, two double-helical regions (helices I and V) have been detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. There is both phylogenetic and experimental evidence for the presence of non-Watson-Crick A–G base-pairing in the stem encompassing helices IV and V of the 5-S RNA. There is phylogenetic evidence also for the presence of A–A and A–C pairing, but as yet no experimental data reveal the presence of these base-pairs in the 5-S RNA.

A Model of Stress and Burnout among Teachers of Behaviorally Disordered Students.

Abstract: A dynamic, interactive model of stress and burnout among teachers of behaviorally disordered students is proposed The model postulates that burnout may result from a discrepancy between these teachers' expectations and the school experience Stress and burnout are portrayed along a continuum of positive to negative interactions between the teachers and job-related factors A mismatch between expectations and the perceived reality of the job can lead to a repeated cycle of unsatisfactory school experiences, unpleasant feelings, behavioral manifestations of those feelings, and the negative reactions of others

Temperature-dependent internuclear transfer of genetic material in heterokaryons of Candida albicans

Abstract: Heterokaryons (hets) of Candida albicans are produced by fusing protoplasts of complementing auxotrophic strains and can be propagated continuously on minimal medium despite their tendency to assort nuclei into monokaryotic blastospores. Most mono-karyons have parental-type nuclei, but some are nuclear hybrids with DNA contents between one and two times that of their parental strains. Evidence is presented that hybrids arise by transfer of a portion of the genetic material of one bet nucleus to another, and that the amount of material conveyed during transfer increases with increasing het growth temperatures over the range 25°C to 41°C. This partial hybridization is a general property of hets and is not determined by the wild-type strain backgrounds of their parental components or by the kinds of auxotrophies forcing heterokaryosis. Frequencies of mitotic recombinants induced in partial hybrids by ultraviolet radiation indicate that nuclei of C. albicans are naturally diploid.

Mass spectral fragmentation pathways in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene derived from a MS/MS unimolecular and collisionally activated dissociation study

Abstract: The fragmentation pathways of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene have been examined using 15N and 2H isotopic labelling in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry. Both the unimolecular and collisionally activated decomposition modes were investigated. Fragmentation pathways were established in both modes and isotopic shifts were used to determine the groups lost. The major pathways include the loss of OH or H2O, followed by the subsequent loss of NO or NO2. There is virtually no ring disintegration until the majority of the attached groups are lost.

Male Longevity and Age Differences Between Spouses

Abstract: Analysis of mortality estimates and adjusted census data showed that men aged 70 to 79 married to younger women tended to live longer than men married to older women. The standard mortality ratio for 50-year-old husbands with younger wives was 90, whereas it was 112 for husbands with older wives. For 70-year-old men the comparable values were 80 and 133. Thus the mortality risk associated with marriage to a younger woman was clearly less than that associated with marriage to an older woman. Two possible explanations were advanced for this relationship: (a) premarital selection factors may be related to longevity, and (b) psychological, physiological, or social factors associated with longevity may be enhanced by marriage to a younger woman.

Competition and the performance of hospital markets

Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between competition and market performance for the primarily nonprofit industry, hospital services. A theoretical framework is adopted that assumes hospitals compete for physician affiliations on the basis of hospital price and resources provided. The model indicates that monopoly power leads to higher quality-adjusted hospital prices, resulting in a reduction in the level of hospital resources consumed. This reduction can occur through admissions, patient length of stay, or resources consumed per patient-day. A regression analysis reveals that all three are reduced as market concentration increases.

Racial Voting in a Biracial City A Reexamination of Some Hypotheses

Abstract: In this analysis of three biracial 1982 New Orleans municipal run-off elections—mayor, civil sheriff, and district judge-we examine the relationship of race and class to political mobilization and vote choice, and racial bloc voting. We found the elections characterized by high voter turnout, low voter dropoff in subordinate elections, and bloc voting by both whites and blacks (but especially by blacks). Class was found relevant only in locating white support for black candidates. Furthermore, the data analyzed suggest the need to reexamine the impact of electoral institutions on electoral behavior.

Assessing the Change of Practice by Physical Therapists After a Continuing Education Program

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in practice of physical therapists after a continuing education program. This experimentally-designed study used three methods to document change: self-report, record audit, and direct observation. The self-reporting method revealed a significant change of practice (p less than .01) by the physical therapists. The change was significant at two weeks after and at six months after the continuing education program.

Specific inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by substituted alpha-pyrones.

Abstract: Severala-pyrones have been synthesized and investigated for their in vitro inhibitory activity usinga-chymotrypsin (a-CT), porcine pancreatic elastase, (PPE) and human leukocyte elastase (HLE). 4-Hydroxy-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2-one4, 4-Hydroxy-6-[(1-butyl)heptyl]-2H-pyran-2-one5 and 4-Methoxy-6-[(1-butyl)heptyl]-2H-pyran-2-one6 were found to be specific inhibitors of HLE. These compounds constitute a promising new class of HLE inhibitors.

Flight and wind tunnel tests of an electro-impulse de-icing system

Abstract: A joint University-Industry project has been sponsored by NASA Lewis Research Center to develop the Electro-Impulse method for de-icing aircraft. The program has consisted of basic analyses, laboratory testing, icing tunnel tests, and flight tests. During the past two years, the EIDI system has been tested and refined, and has been shown to be a low-energy, highly reliable de-icing system for a wide range of conditions. This paper gives a brief review of conditions. This paper gives a brief review of the basic principles, the development history, and results of recent flight tests by NASA and by Cessna Aircraft Company.

Task design and modification based on physical ability measurement

Abstract: Appropriate design and modification of industrial tasks must consider the matching of human physical abilities with task requirements. This paper describes the Available Motions Inventory (AMI) as a testing and evaluation system for measuring human physical ability based on components of manual industrial tasks. Using a microcomputer, one can transform the AMI scores (71 for each hand) into raw scores, ability scores, motion class scores, and performance prediction indices. Examples of task modification strategies using the design-oriented scoring of AMI are illustrated. Also, the reliability of the AMI testing system was evaluated using a multivariate canonical correlation analysis. A high test-retest reliability of 0.85 was obtained.

The former transsexual: A case study

Abstract: The case is presented of a biological male, diagnosed as transsexual, who lived as a female for a considerable period and then returned to the male role. The subject came within days of having genital surgery, deciding to return to the male role after surgery was canceled due to policy changes at a hospital. A number of factors are offered as possible correlatives to the decision to return to the original gender role. These include increase in assertiveness, decrease in gender-role stereotyping, religious conversion, improvement of vocational state, and falling in love. It is suggested that the original diagnosis of transsexualism is not invalidated by the subject's subsequent decision. The relationship between personality characteristics such as passivity and the tendency of such clients to apply rigid stereotypes to gender is discussed. The importance of an extended trial period prior to genital surgery is reinforced by the present case, and it is suggested that increased attention be given to gender-role stereotyping among sex reassignment candidates.

Cross-sectional study of gross and fine motor development. Birth to 6 years of age

Abstract: A total of 187 healthy children between birth and six years of age were administered a comprehensive gross and fine motor development assessment. The assessment device was a hybrid instrument consisting of 192 items derived from 15 commonly used instruments. The purpose of the study was to 1) define motor behavior relative to a performance distribution expressed in age ranges, 2) identify patterns of performance across a range from birth to 6 years of age, and 3) assess the stability of performance by comparing select tasks with norms available in the literature. Emergence and achievement levels of successful performance were defined for 37 items relative to 68 percent and 95 percent of the children across the range from birth to 6 years of age. These results were compared with eight assessment devices. Emergence comparisons were found to be fairly similar to published norms; achievement comparisons showed a higher frequency of discrepancies with published norms. Performance patterns were displayed graphically to illustrate symmetry and asymmetry in normal development milestones.

Electro-impulse deicing - Structural dynamic studies, icing tunnel tests and applications

Abstract: This paper contains a discussion of the comparison of analytical and experimental results of the dynamic response of a flat rectangular plate subjected to electro-impulse type deicing forces. Early attempts in this correlation have been hampered by the complex leading edge geometries of the airfoils tested to date. The lack of a suitable analytical model for a typical leading edge structure has prompted these preliminary investigations of simple geometries, beginning with a flat plate and to be followed by a semi-cylindrical leading edge representation. The comparisons reported herein are thus limited to rectangular plate models. Project plans and icing tunnel results are given.

Pediatric Dismissal Protocol to Aid the Transition from Hospital Care to Home Care

Abstract: The effectiveness of a written Home Instruction Sheet was studied for increase of knowledge and follow-through of home instructions. Verbal home instructions were given to 34 parents of children being dismissed from a pediatric unit. In addition, a written Home Instruction Sheet was given to 33 parents. The instruction sheet contained five categories of instructions: physician's visit, diet, activity, medication regime, and special instructions. After four days the parents were interviewed with a follow-up phone call questionnaire. The responses of the parents who received the written Home Instruction Sheet were significantly more accurate in three of five major categories of questions: that is, physician's visit, diet instructions, and special instructions (p <.05). Knowledge in the category of activity instructions approached significance at a level of.06. Knowledge in medication regimes was not significant. In the categories of physician's visit and diet instructions, there was a significantly greater level of positive responses for follow-through of home instructions from the parents who received the written Home Instruction Sheet than from those parents who received verbal instructions. The responses to the follow-through of home care demonstrated no significant difference in three of the five categories: activity instructions, medication regime, and special instructions. These findings suggest that written home instructions can assist parents/families in their accuracy of knowledge and follow-through of home instructions.