Showing papers by "Wichita State University published in 1989"

Compatibility Management: Customer‐to‐Customer Relationships in Service Environments

Abstract: Describes how customers potentially influence the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of other customers in many service environments. Explains why service marketers and operations marketers should be aware of the impact of such customer‐to‐customer relations. Examines the issues of customer compatibility and customer behaviour, finding that the classification of compatible and incompatible behaviours is often situation‐specific. Explores how the way customers affect each other can be positively influenced.

Group cognitive and contextual therapies in treatment of depression.

Abstract: Depressed subjects (N = 31) were treated with three different group therapies: (a) complete cognitive therapy (CCT); (b) partial cognitive therapy (PCT); or (c) comprehensive distancing (CD). All three groups showed significant, but equivalent, reductions in depression over 12 weeks of treatment and 2-month follow-up. However, significant reductions in dysfunctional attitudes obtained for CCT and PCT were not found for CD, which suggests different underlying therapeutic processes. Comparisons with other studies noted no differences in the efficacy of CT as a function of treatment format, but a trend toward reduced effectiveness for group vs. individual CD. Suggestions for further research in CT and CD are presented.

Stockholder Reactions to CEO Changes in Large Corporations

Abstract: The literature on leadership suggests that the performance context of a succession event and the origin of a newly appointed leader moderate the relationship between the succession and its conseque...

Social learning theory and alcohol behavior among the elderly

Abstract: Research directly testing Akers's social learning theory has been thus far confined to teenage drug, drinking, and smoking behavior. This study extends the application of social learning theory to older adults' alcohol behavior. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews of 1,410 people sixty years of age or over living in New Jersey and Florida in either retirement (age homogeneous) or age-integrated communities. A social learning model of differential association, differential reinforcement, and definitions is supported by findings on elderly drinking behavior. As is true for younger age groups, drinking among the elderly is related to the norms and behavior of one's primary groups, one's own attitudes toward (definitions of) alcohol, and the balance of reinforcement for drinking.

ATP Release, Adenosine Formation, and Modulation of Dynorphin and Glutamic Acid Release by Adenosine Analogues in Rat Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synaptosomes

Abstract: Using a hippocampal subcellular fraction enriched in mossy fiber synaptosomes, evidence was obtained indicating that adenosine derived from a presynaptic pool of ATP may modulate the release of prodynorphin-derived peptides and glutamic acid from mossy fiber terminals. Synaptosomal ATP was released in a Ca2+-dependent manner by K+-in-duced depolarization. The rapid hydrolysis of extracellular [14C]ATP in the presence of intact mossy fiber synaptosomes resulted in the production of [14C]adenosine. Micromolar concentrations of a stable adenosine analogue, 2-chloro-adenosine, inhibited the K+-stimulated release of both dynorphin B and dynorphin A(l-8). 2-Chloroadenosine failed to suppress the evoked release of glutamic acid, measured in these same superfusates, unless the mossy fiber synaptosomes were pretreated with D-aspartic acid to deplete the cytosolic, Ca2+-independent, pool of this acidic amino acid. In synaptosomes pretreated in this manner, release of the remaining Ca2+-dependent pool of glutamic acid was significantly inhibited by NiCl2, 2-chloroadenosine, 5′-N-ethylcarboxami-doadenosine, cyclohexyladenosine, and R(-)-N6(2-phenyl-isopropyl)adenosine, but not by ATP. 2-Chloroadenosine-induced inhibition was reversed when the external CaCl2concentration was raised from 1.8 mMto 6 mM. 8-Phen-yltheophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist, effectively blocked the inhibitory effects of 2-chloroadenosine on mossy fiber synaptosomes and significantly enhanced the K+-evoked release of both glutamic acid and dynorphin A(l-8) when added alone to the superfusion medium. These results support the proposition that depolarized hippocampal mossy fiber synaptosomes release endogenous ATP and are capable of forming adenosine from extracellular ATP, and that endogenous adenosine may act at a presynaptic site to inhibit the further release of glutamic acid and the prodynorphin-derived peptides

Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by derivatives of N-hydroxysuccinimide. A structure-activity-relationship study.

Abstract: A series of compounds derived from 3-alkyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide have been synthesized and their inhibitory activity toward human leukocyte elastase has been investigated. Compounds having an isobutyl or isopropyl group at the C-3 position have been found to be particularly effective inactivators of the enzyme. The introduction of a trans-styryl group (as in compounds 16 and 18) results in a drastic enhancement in inhibitory activity indicative of a favorable interaction between the phenyl ring and the S2' subsite of the enzyme. The compounds were found to be highly stable in buffer solution with no apparent change in structural integrity after 17 h (the period of observation). Studies with model compounds and high-field NMR indicate that these compounds function as mechanism-based inhibitors of the enzyme. Porcine pancreatic elastase is not inhibited by these compounds, while chymotrypsin and human leukocyte cathepsin G are also efficiently inactivated.

Oviductal morphology and egg shelling in the oviparous lizards Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus

Abstract: Morphological changes occurring in the oviduct and epithelial cells of the lizards Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus during the natural reproductive cycle were examined and quantified. Additionally, development of the eggshell at different stages of gravidity was described. The anterior uterus of each species has a distinct glandular type which differs between species: in E. obsoletus, the glands are tubular and in C. collaris, branched saccular. The branched saccular glands in the anterior uterus of C. collaris produce collagen-like material that forms the fibers of the shell membranes. However, fibers from the eggshell of E. obsoletus did not stain for collagen. The shell of both species is composed of a multilayered inner boundary covered externally by fibers of varying thickness. Initial layers are composed of thick fibers all lying along the same general axis. Outer layers of fibers are progressively thinner and an external surface layer composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is also present. In C. collaris, calcium, which is deposited in relatively small amounts on the shell surface, appears to be secreted by the epithelium of the anterior uterus. The nonciliated secretory epithelial cells covering the villi-like folds of the posterior infundibulum secrete GAGs. Epithelial cell height of the infundibular villi is greatest during early gravidity. A functional relationship may exist between luteal activity and oviductal secretory activity because the activity of the glandular epithelium varied as gravidity progressed.

An experimental method for measuring water droplet impingement efficiency on two- and three-dimensional bodies

Abstract: An efficient and accurate method is described for extracting water droplet impingement efficiency data from dye impregnated blotter paper samples obtained by employing a dye-tracer technique in wind tunnel spray tests The method is based on laser reflectance spectroscopy A brief description of the test method, instrumentation, and data reduction system is also presented Preliminary test results and analyses are included for a cylinder and a 65(2)015 airfoil

Pseudoconvexity and geodesic connectedness

Abstract: Let M be a smooth manifold with a linear connection. If M is pseudoconvex, disprisoning, and has no conjugate points, then each pair of points of M is joined by at least one geodesic.

On the communication complexity of generalized 2-D convolution on array processors

Abstract: Several parallel convolution algorithms for array processors with N/sup 2/ processing elements (PEs) connected by mesh, hypercube, and shuffle-exchange topologies, respectively, are presented. The computation time complexity is the same for array processors with different interconnection networks. The communication time complexity, however, varies from network to network, and is the main focus. It is shown that by using inter-PE communication networks efficiently, each PE requires only a small local memory, many unnecessary data transmissions are eliminated, and the overall time complexity (including computation and communication) of algorithms is reduced to O(M/sup 2/). >

Pole placement by performance criterion modification

Abstract: A procedure in which a state weighting matrix was modified by introducing a degree of relative stability to relocate the optimal closed-loop eigenvalues of continuous time system was recently presented. This procedure is adapted to relocate the optimal poles to any desired location of a discrete time system. A sequential procedure to relocate the optimal eigenvalues to desired positions by proper modification in performance criterion is developed. The optimal solution of the resulting LQ problem determines the optimal gain, and the closed-loop system attains the desired spectrum. Thus, the desired properties of the Linear Quadratic (LQ) solution are retained, while placing the closed-loop system poles. >

Efficacy of exercise for end-stage renal disease patients immediately following high-efficiency hemodialysis: a pilot study

Abstract: Nine patients receiving maintenance high-efficiency hemodialysis were studied before and after a 12-week conditioning program to determine the efficacy of exercise immediately following hemodialysis. Each patient performed a combination of bicycle ergometry on the Schwinn Air-Dyne ergometer (SAE) and treadmill walking three times a week for a total exercise time of 15–35 min per session. A low-level Bruce treadmill test and an exercise test on the SAE were administered before and after training. Hematological, serum electrolyte, and serum lipid profiles were also determined before and after training. Following training, there were improvements in exercise capacities for both treadmill walking and ergometry on the SAE. Although a significant increase in serum apolipo-protein Al was seen following exercise, no significant changes were observed for total cholesterol, low-density -lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol or apolipoprotein B. Additionally, no significant changes were seen in hematological parameters and serum electrolyte profiles following the exercise program. The 9 patients demonstrated an average compliance record of 74%. This study demonstrated that patients on high-efficiency hemodialysis can safely engage in an exercise program immediately following dialysis at intensities and frequencies that can improve their physical work capacities.

A comparison of patterns of urban deprivation between Canadian and U.S. cities

Abstract: Recent research has indicated the existence of aggregate level differences between Canadian and U.S. cities. However, little attention has been given to possible socio-spatial differences between cities in the two nations. This paper attempts to address part of this issue by comparing a sample of paired Canadian and U.S. cities with respect to, (1) deprivation concentration levels within their inner cities, (2) the nature of areas of multiple deprivation, and (3) the proportion of their worst areas of multiple deprivation located within their inner cities. The study found that deprived groups were disproportionately represented in the inner-city areas of both nations. However, areas of multiple deprivation in U.S. cities contained more deprived groups than Canadian cities. Finally, the inner-city areas of both nations contained high proportions of their worst areas of multiple deprivation. In short, the extent of multiple deprivation is less in Canadian cities, but cities in both countries share an inner-city problem.

Primitive Warfare and the Ratomorphic Image of Mankind

Abstract: The most influential current explanations of preindustrial violence and warfare see it as determined by factors and forces entirely external to human beings and their motives and purposes. This article critically examines the most prominent of these approaches—behavioristic, sociobiological, and ecological-functional—and some of the assumptions underlying them. Then, drawing on ethnographic data from a society known for its peacefulness—the Semai Senoi—the article offers an alternative conception of action, one that views human behavior, including warfare and nonviolence, as purposive, and that sees human beings as active decision makers picking their ways through fields of options and constraints in pursuit of individually and culturally defined goals in a culturally constituted reality which they themselves are actively constructing.

Model atmospheres for K and M giants

Abstract: To aid in the interpretations of observations of K and M giant stars, model atmospheres have been calculated, covering the range in effective temperature between 3000 and 4000 K and in surface gravity-log g between 0.0 and 2.0. These models are computed under the usual assumptions of hydrostatic equilibrium, constancy of total (radiative plus convective) flux, and LTE in plane-parallel, horizontally homogeneous geometry. A significant development in these models is the incorporation of an opacity-sampled treatment of absorption by water vapor, which becomes dominant at lower temperatures. The thermal structure and scaling properties of the models are discussed, as are the effects of certain composition changes expected in the course of stellar evolution.

An investigation of power line de-icing by electro-impulse methods

Abstract: A brief description is given of the theory and history of EIDI (electroimpulse deicing) technology. These descriptions are followed by a summary of the experiments conducted by the authors to investigate the feasibility of deicing electric power lines using EIDI technology. In spite of the features of EIDI technology that make it attractive for power line deicing, the authors were unable to deice a conductor span of any significant length and thus concluded that EIDI technology, in its present form, is not suited for power-line-deicing applications. >

The chronic shortage model of centrally planned economies

Abstract: (1989). The chronic shortage model of centrally planned economies. Soviet Studies: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 345-364.

Flow development in a model airway bronchus

Abstract: Three-dimensional laminar flow profiles were measured at each of three axial stations downstream from the inlet of a slowly tapering tube of constant flow cross-section. It was found that strong inlet wall shear induces significant secondary swirl, whose downstream growth is initially consistent with an inviscid model of vorticity transfer. This secondary flow may act to retard the onset of local flow separation by convecting axial momentum into the boundary layer adjacent to the diverging wall of the tube. These observations could account for the similar geometric shape of major bronchial airways: the suppression of flow separation in pulmonary bifurcations would promote moire effective airway ventilation in the human lung.

Anthropometry of Korean female industrial workers.

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an anthropometric survey conducted on Korean female workers in the garment industry. The data was collected as part of a project to modify work stations that utilized equipment from other countries. A set of 23 body dimensions were taken from a sample of 101 workers (aged 18-28 years). The anthropometric measurements are presented and compared with those of the Western and Japanese female. The results indicate that the body dimensions of the Korean female are different from those of both the Western and the Japanese female. The ratio of sitting height to standing height for the Korean female is closer to that of the Western female than it is the Japanese female.

Histochemical analysis of extracellular matrix material in embryonic trisomy 1 mouse eye.

Abstract: Trisomic animals produced from mice doubly heterozygous for Robertsonian translocation chromosomes [Rb(1.3)/Rb(1.10)]consistently show eye defects (e.g., aphakia, microphakia, and retention of lens stalk). To determine if changes in distribution or composition of extracellular matrix material may be a factor in development of these defects, eye structures of trisomy (ts) 1 embryos and normal littermates were studied histochemically using the following methods: Alcian blue 8GX, pH 2.5; periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue/PAS combined; high-iron diamine (HID), and HID/Alcian blue combined. Eye development was divided into stages to account for the known delay in ts 1 mouse development. Differences were found in staining patterns as early as stage 1. In later stages, the most consistent difference was an increased period of contact between lens and optic cup due to retardation of interface matrix dissolution between these rudiments in ts 1 embryos. Eyes in which this occurred had abnormally shaped lenses. Overall, the ts 1 optic cup appeared to have fewer staining abnormalities and dysmorphology than did the lens or interface matrix. Triplication of a chromosome may indirectly alter temporal and spatial organization of extracellular matrix through action on cells responsible for the production of this material. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed.

The study and formation of the antiferromagnetic insulators Bi2(Gd1−xCax)ySr2Cu2Oδ

Abstract: We have studied the non-superconducting compounds Bi 2 (Gd 1− x Ca x ) y Sr 2 Cu 2 O 7 for x ⩽05 and y =08 or 1, structurally, electrically, magnetically and calorimetrically Single phase antiferromagnets were found for x y ∼08 only, with a maximum Neel temperature of 16 K for x = 0 Rietveld refinements of the X-ray diffraction data suggested that the (Bi-O) double layers act as a charge reservoir for the superconducting Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O (BCSCO) system The results will be discussed with respect to the formation of the various homologous phases and the role of Ca-layers in the occurrence of superconductivity in BCSCO

Estimation of fertility and fitness in Huntington disease in New England.

Abstract: The advent of presymptomatic and prenatal testing in Huntington disease (HD) may change the reproductive behavior of persons at risk for HD. In order to assess future change, an analysis of fertility and reproductive fitness was carried out on 999 affected and 2,253 unaffected offspring from 235 New England families. Ascertainment biases observed for persons born before 1910 and after 1929 reduced the sample to 250 HD cases and 201 unaffected sib controls born between 1910 and 1929. No increase in reproductive rate was found in HD-affected men compared to male control sibs. A small increase in fertility averaging 0.5 child was seen in HD-affected females compared to unaffected females, but this difference was not significant. The increase in mean number of children for HD females is accounted for in part by a small number of affected women who had very large families. No evidence was found to suggest that any increase in reproductive rate for affected persons was related to offspring being born after HD onset. The fitness of both HD-affected and unaffected females was not significantly different from that of the general population of Massachusetts.