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Showing papers by "Wichita State University published in 2006"


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TL;DR: In this article, a survey on 182 small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in the United States found that internationalization and innovation capability positively affect product and process improvements, while environmental hostility, internationalization, and product improvement positively affect firm growth as a performance dimension.
Abstract: Small- and medium-sized firm performance is a complex,multifaceted construct. In order to better understand this construct, aconceptual model is proposed with two distinct, related outcome dimensions:growth and profitability. Four antecedent conditions—environmental hostility,firm size, innovation capability, and internationalization—that affect firmperformance as well as the likelihood that a firm will pursue either productimprovement or process improvement as their primary strategic orientation arereviewed. Data were obtained via a survey on 182 small- and medium-sized manufacturingfirms in the United States. Results reveal that internationalization andinnovator position positively affect product and process improvements.Environmental hostility, internationalization, and product improvementpositively affect firm growth as a performance dimension. It was found that aproduct improvement orientation positively affects firm growth, and henceprofitability, while a process improvement orientation has no relationship togrowth or profitability. (LKB)

457 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that with judicious choice of design parameters the virtual MIMO technique can be made to provide significant energy and delay efficiencies, even after allowing for additional training overheads.
Abstract: An energy-efficient virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-based communication architecture is proposed for distributed and cooperative wireless sensor networks. Assuming a space-time block coding (STBC) based MIMO system, the energy and delay efficiencies of the proposed scheme are derived using semi-analytic techniques. The dependence of these efficiency values on physical channel propagation parameters, fading coherence time and the amount of required training is also investigated. The results show that with judicious choice of design parameters the virtual MIMO technique can be made to provide significant energy and delay efficiencies, even after allowing for additional training overheads.

428 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the valuation effects of the interaction between differences of opinion and short sale constraints and find robust evidence of significant overvaluation for stocks that are subject to both conditions simultaneously.
Abstract: Miller (1977) hypothesizes that dispersion of investor opinion in the presence of short-sale constraints leads to stock price overvaluation. However, previous empirical tests of Miller's hypothesis examine the valuation effects of only one of these two necessary conditions. We examine the valuation effects of the interaction between differences of opinion and short sale constraints. We find robust evidence of significant overvaluation for stocks that are subject to both conditions simultaneously. Stocks are not systematically overvalued when either one of these two conditions is not met.

366 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual model of SME performance with two distinct but related outcome dimensions was proposed, namely, growth as one dimension and profitability as another, and the findings of the study suggest that internationalization and innovator position have a positive impact on new product and process improvements, while environmental hostility, internationalization, and product improvement have positive influences on growth as a performance dimension.
Abstract: Entrepreneurial and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) firm performance is a complex, multifaceted construct that should be examined with an eye toward its complexity. Our research study seeks to accomplish this examination by proposing a conceptual model of SME performance with two distinct but related outcome dimensions--growth as one dimension and profitability as another. We propose hypotheses for relationships between four antecedent factor conditions--environmental hostility, firm size, innovation capability, and internationalization--and an SME's likelihood to pursue either product improvement or process improvement as their primary strategic orientation. Furthermore, we propose that an SME product improvement orientation likely has greater influence on growth and profit performance than will a process improvement orientation. The findings of the study suggest that internationalization and innovator position have a positive impact on new product and process improvements, while environmental hostility, internationalization, and product improvement have positive influences on growth as a performance dimension. In addition and as hypothesized, the product improvement orientation is positively associated with growth and in turn profitability, whereas the process improvement orientation showed no statistical relationship to growth and ultimately profitability. Introduction An important subset of the small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) and entrepreneurship literature is that which examines venture-related performance and the various antecedent factors and conditions thought to affect firm performance. Through this examination, researchers hope to provide SME managers and entrepreneurs some guidance with respect to successful venture performance. Researchers have found solid support for the effects of market attractiveness and resource-based capabilities on performance (Chandler and Hanks 1994). Covin and Covin (1990) found counterintuitive relationships among the level of competitive aggressiveness, environmental context, and the ultimate performance of small firms. Zahra and George (2000) revealed a strong association between commercialization capability, establishment of a reputation for quality, and SME technology firm sales growth. Also, innovation has demonstrated a strong and influential relationship with SME performance (Verhees and Meulenberg 2004; Qian and Li 2003). By their numbers alone, SMEs and entrepreneurial firms are a key segment and driver for most (if not all) national economies. Understanding how SMEs achieve high performance has significant implications for SME owners/managers, SME employees, and the economies in which the SME operates. High levels of performance can facilitate firm growth and subsequent profit performance, which in turn can yield employment gains and contribute to the general economic health of a state, region, or nation. Conversely, low performance may lead to firm stagnation or failure, and the negative economic ramifications commensurate with these outcomes. Given the resource constraints of small firms (Acs 1999) and their susceptibility to distress, hardship, and outright failure with respect to environment change and uncertainty, a better understanding of the contributing factors and mechanisms for high performance is desirable. The goal of this study was to expand our understanding of the factors contributing to firm performance by examining a set of related conditions and actions that we propose are of consequence to high SME performance. Our empirical research paper examines two characteristics of entrepreneurial SMEs--innovator position and the propensity to internationalize--in conjunction with two contextual variables (environmental hostility and firm size). We propose hypotheses for relationships between the four factors mentioned, and an SME's likelihood to pursue either product improvement or process improvement as their primary strategic orientation. …

364 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A realistic maintenance policy is investigated, referred to as condition-based availability limit policy, which achieves the maximum availability level of a continuously degrading systems under continuous monitoring.

268 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology for the dynamical analysis of mechanical systems considering realistic joint characteristics, namely, joints with clearance and lubrication, is presented, in which the energy dissipation in form of hysteresis damping is considered.

266 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Raman and infrared spectra of a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids (C2-4MIM][BF4) are reported and analyzed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and RHF methods at the 6-311+G(2d,p) computational level.

263 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gender segregation in baccalaureate degree fields declined rapidly in the first half of the period from 1971 to 2002; at the same time, women's representation among baccalaurate degree recipients increased most rapidly relative to men's as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Gender segregation in baccalaureate degree fields declined rapidly in the first half of the period from 1971 to 2002; at the same time, women's representation among baccalaureate degree recipients increased most rapidly relative to men's. The desegregation of the early period resulted mainly from women's increased entry into business-related fields and declining proportions of women majoring in traditional fields such as education and English. Men did not contribute to integration by moving toward fields numerically dominated by women. Fixed-effects regression models suggest that feminization of fields discourages later cohorts of men from entering them, as predicted by the devaluation perspective. The stalling of desegregation came from a combination of men's disinclination to enter fields that are “too” filled with women, and the slowdown in women making less traditional choices.

218 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effects of accountability pressure on auditors' materiality judgments and found that accountability strength was positively related to the amount of time spent on the planning materiality task, explanation length, and consideration of qualitative materiality factors.
Abstract: This study investigates the effects of differential accountability pressure strength on auditors’ materiality judgments. We evaluate whether incremental levels of accountability (i.e., review, justification, feedback) increase judgment conservatism, decreases judgment variability, and increases effort. One hundred sixty auditors participated in a between-subjects experiment that included a planning materiality task and a proposed audit adjustment materiality task. As predicted, auditors under higher levels of accountability pressure (i.e., justification, feedback) provided more conservative materiality judgments and had less judgment variability than auditors under lower levels of pressure (i.e., review, anonymity). The results also indicate that accountability strength was positively related to the amount of time spent on the task, explanation length, and consideration of qualitative materiality factors. Finally, the results show that use of a planning materiality decision aid influenced the accountability effects for the planning materiality judgment. These judgments were more conservative and less variable when the planning materiality decision aid was available. We consider implications for research, practice, and policy in the context of the study’s limitations.

185 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of using carbon nanofibers (CNF) to improve the interlaminar fracture properties of polyester/glass fiber composites is presented.
Abstract: Polymer composite materials reinforced by continuous fibers have excellent in-plane strength but are usually weak against delamination. This paper presents an experimental study of using carbon nanofibers (CNF) to improve the interlaminar fracture properties of polyester/glass fiber composites. Surfactant-treated CNF were dispersed in polyester resin and then the CNF-resin suspension was infused to impregnate a glass fiber preform using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). The manufacturability of using VARTM for thick and large CNF toughened composite parts has been experimentally investigated. The influence of CNF concentration on the CNF filtration in the glass fiber preform, the resin viscosity, and the micro-void formation has been examined. By choosing appropriate manufacturing parameters, we were able to use VARTM process to infuse the surfactant-treated CNF/resin matrix into the glass fiber preform and successfully manufactured the CNF toughened polyester/glass fiber composite specimens for mode-I delamination tests. The critical energy release rates of mode-I delamination ( G IC ) were characterized for several composite specimens with 1 wt% CNF concentrations and for those with pure resin. Significant improvement in the G IC was consistently observed as 1 wt% CNF were added to toughen the polyester resin. Microscopy pictures showed that the fracture surfaces of the 1 wt% CNF toughened polyester/glass fiber composite samples were more complex than the fracture surfaces of regular polyester/glass fiber composites.

183 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of market research information in developing a market orientation and its impact on international service organizations is discussed, as service organizations continue to expand internationally, the need to be able to understand consumers in faraway places is increasing.
Abstract: Purpose – As service organizations continue to expand internationally, the need to be able to understand consumers in faraway places is increasing. Marketing research is a key mechanism through which service companies understand their current as well as potential customers. As service organizations contemplate the global marketplace, there is increasing demand for managers to understand customer behavior in multiple countries. This article aims to discuss the importance of market research information in developing a market orientation and its impact on international service organizations.Design/methodology/approach – Extant literature is reviewed and discussed pertaining to the interrelationships between market research, market orientation and customer relationship management (CRM)‐related issues. Conceptual models are presented to illustrate the interrelationships between these streams of research.Findings – Several anecdotal and case examples are used to illustrate the essential linkages between market ...

Proceedings ArticleDOI
14 Jun 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the proportional hazards model and logistic regression model were used to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of an individual unit during field use, which is essential to estimate the RUL accurately for making a timely maintenance decision for failure avoidance.
Abstract: Reliability of an individual unit during field use is important in many critical applications such as turbine engines, life-maintaining systems and civil engineering structures. The remaining useful life (RUL) of the unit indicates its ability of surviving the operation in the future. When the failure indication (degradation) has been detected, it is essential to estimate the RUL accurately for making a timely maintenance decision for failure avoidance. In recent years, RUL prediction in service has received increasing attention. As many powerful sensors and signal processing techniques appear, multiple degradation features can be extracted for degradation detection and quantification. These features can serve as the basis for RUL prediction. This paper presents the proportional hazards model and logistic regression model, which relates the multiple degradation features of sensor signals to the specific reliability indices of the unit, and enable us to predict its RUL. Comparisons are made for the two models regarding their effectiveness and computation effort. An example of bearing test is provided to demonstrate the proposed approach in practical use. The results show that the models are capable of providing accurate RUL prediction to support timely maintenance decisions

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An ADT model obtained from constant-stress ADT experiments is extended to predict field reliability by considering the stress variations, and the accuracy of the procedure is verified by simulation using various distributions of field stresses.
Abstract: Accelerated degradation testing (ADT) is usually conducted under deterministic stresses such as constant-stress, step-stress, and cyclic-stress. Based on ADT data, an ADT model is developed to predict reliability under normal (field) operating conditions. In engineering applications, the “standard” approach for reliability prediction assumes that the normal operating conditions are deterministic or simply uses the mean values of the stresses while ignoring their variability. Such an approach may lead to significant prediction errors. In this paper, we extend an ADT model obtained from constant-stress ADT experiments to predict field reliability by considering the stress variations. A case study is provided to demonstrate the proposed statistical inference procedure. The accuracy of the procedure is verified by simulation using various distributions of field stresses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined two epistemic paradigms: ways of knowing (specifically connected knowing and separate knowing) and epistemological beliefs, and found that men score significantly higher on separate knowing than women on connected knowing.
Abstract: To obtain a more complete understanding of personal epistemology this study examines two epistemic paradigms – ways of knowing (specifically connected knowing and separate knowing) and epistemological beliefs (specifically beliefs about knowledge structure, knowledge stability, learning speed, and learning ability). Participants were 107 college students who completed questionnaires that assessed ways of knowing and epistemological beliefs. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that men score significantly higher on separate knowing. Path analyses revealed that the effects of ways of knowing on academic performance are mediated by belief in the speed of learning.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the Coulomb friction law is incorporated into the impact force model for both spherical and cylindrical contact surfaces, and the incorporation of the friction phenomenon is discussed.
Abstract: This work deals with contact—impact force models for both spherical and cylindrical contact surfaces. The incorporation of the friction phenomenon, based on the Coulomb friction law, is als...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors having fewer, more often cited articles tended to have SMJ articles that received the most citations, and whether an article appears in a regular or a special issue is not a stable predictor of its impact.
Abstract: Article impact is becoming an increasingly popular metric for assessing a scholar's influence, yet little is known about its properties or the factors that affect it. This study tests whether author, article, and methodological attributes influence the impact of SMJ articles, defined as summed counts of article citations. Findings reveal that authors having fewer, more-often cited articles tended to have SMJ articles that received the most citations. In addition, whether an article appears in a regular or a special issue is not a stable predictor of its impact. Moreover, empirical articles that test primary data, control for more threats to internal validity, and have higher statistical power tend to receive more citations. Further, an article's long-term impact oftentimes becomes apparent shortly after its publication. Overall, the findings provide new insights into the determinants of impact and its temporal qualities and help explain some of the differences between high and average impact articles. The findings also underscore the need for transparency between author publication strategies (article volume, impact) and the requirements of his/her institution. Implications for authors, reviewers, editors, and administrative evaluation are offered. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Zandler et al. as discussed by the authors employed the exchange-correlation hybrid functional B3LYP with a small 3-21G (*) basis to determine the geometry of large donor-acceptor assemblies followed by comparison of the computed density functional theory Kohn-Sham (DFT-KS) orbital energies with measured electrochemical and spectral properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the importance of separating the bundled good of housing into land and improvements, arguing that changes in a property's overall value will depend critically on how much of its total value is contained in the land.
Abstract: This article demonstrates the importance of separating the bundled good of housing into land and improvements, arguing that changes in a property's overall value will depend critically on how much of its total value is contained in the land, a proportion we call land leverage. The importance of this deconstruction is demonstrated by highlighting how land leverage helps to explain variation in house price appreciation in Wichita, Kansas. Noting that land leverage should be relevant for many real estate issues and policies, we highlight four specific areas where consideration of land leverage could significantly improve our understanding of real estate markets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The available tests for symmetry of k-dimensional contingency tables from homologous sequences are described and compared, and two new tests to evaluate different aspects of the evolutionary processes are developed.
Abstract: Motivation: Most phylogenetic methods assume that the sequences of nucleotides or amino acids have evolved under stationary, reversible and homogeneous conditions. When these assumptions are violated by the data, there is an increased probability of errors in the phylogenetic estimates. Methods to examine aligned sequences for these violations are available, but they are rarely used, possibly because they are not widely known or because they are poorly understood. Results: We describe and compare the available tests for symmetry of k-dimensional contingency tables from homologous sequences, and develop two new tests to evaluate different aspects of the evolutionary processes. For any pair of sequences, we consider a partition of the test for symmetry into a test for marginal symmetry and a test for internal symmetry. The proposed tests can be used to identify appropriate models for estimation of evolutionary relationships under a Markovian model. Simulations under more or less complex evolutionary conditions were done to display the performance of the tests. Finally, the tests were applied to an alignment of small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences of five species of bacteria to outline the evolutionary processes under which they evolved. Availability: Programs written in R to do the tests on nucleotides are available from http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/johnr/testsym/ Contact: lars.jermiin@usyd.edu.au

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper analyzed traffic stop data from a medium-sized midwestern community and found that race was powerful in shaping police decision-making patterns, but so were gender, age, and situational considerations.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a growth in public concern over police decision-making practices during traffic enforcement. Catch phrases such as “racial profiling,” “driving while Black,” and “driving while brown” typify the public’s concern that race and ethnicity have undue influence on police discretion. This study analyzes traffic stop data from a medium-sized midwestern community to better understand this facet of police behavior. Although the authors contend that “proving” racial profiling may be outside of current empirical capabilities, useful insights can still be obtained by examining broader aspects of traffic enforcement behaviors. The analysis indicated that race was powerful in shaping police decision-making patterns, but so were gender, age, and situational considerations. A number of implications for research and policy emerging from the analysis are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a first generation of stars that efficiently depleted lithium in the early halo of stars near the turnoff has been attributed to a cosmological origin, and it has been shown that the observed abundance lies at Δ7Li ~ 0.4 dex below the predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN).
Abstract: Since the pioneering observations of Spite & Spite in 1982, the constant lithium abundance of metal-poor ([Fe/H] < -1.3) halo stars near the turnoff has been attributed to a cosmological origin. Closer analysis, however, revealed that the observed abundance lies at Δ7Li ~ 0.4 dex below the predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). The measurements of deuterium abundances along the lines of sight toward quasars, and the recent data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), have independently confirmed this gap. We suggest here that part of the discrepancy (from 0.2 to 0.3 dex) is explained by a first generation of stars that efficiently depleted lithium. Assuming that the models for lithium evolution in halo turnoff stars, as well as the Δ7Li, estimates are correct, we infer that between one-third and one-half of the baryonic matter of the early halo (i.e., ~109 M☉) was processed through Population III stars. This new paradigm proposes a very economical solution to the lingering difficulty of understanding the properties of the Spite plateau and its lack of star-to-star scatter down to [Fe/H] = -2.5. It is moreover in agreement both with the absence of lithium in the most iron-poor turnoff star currently known (HE 1327-2326) and also with new trends of the plateau suggesting its low-metallicity edge may be reached around [Fe/H] = -2.5. We discuss the role of turbulent mixing associated with enhanced supernovae explosions in the early interstellar medium in this picture. We suggest how it may explain the small scatter and also other recent observational features of the lithium plateau. Finally, we show that other chemical properties of the extremely metal-poor stars (such as carbon enrichment) are also in agreement with significant Population III processing in the halo, provided these models include mass loss and rotationally induced mixing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rural youth who have been subjected to elevated levels of familial abuse are at greater risk of deviant subsistence strategies, which increase the likelihood of street victimization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lee and Mitchell as discussed by the authors proposed a decision process-based voluntary turnover model, which identifies the psychological processes involved in the decision to quit a job, and tested and extended the Lee and Mitchell's (1994) unfolding model of voluntary turnover using a sample of voluntary "quitters" and "stayers".
Abstract: Lee and Mitchell (1994) proposed a decision process-based voluntary turnover model, which identifies the psychological processes involved in the decision to quit a job. The current study tests and extends the Lee and Mitchell's (1994) unfolding model of voluntary turnover using a sample of voluntary ‘quitters’ and ‘stayers’. Survey and interview results from 84 practicing accountants suggest that the Lee and Mitchell's (1994) model does an excellent job of capturing employee decision process-data in an accounting environment. Additional extension hypotheses pertaining to economic consequences and gender differences are also proposed and subsequently supported. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that a significant broadening of the CMD sequences occurs only if the helium enhancement is extremely large (in this case, when Y = 0.35) in the stars showing anomalous abundances.
Abstract: Self-enrichment processes occurring in the early stages of a globular cluster lifetime are generally invoked to explain the observed CNONaMgAl abundance anticorrelations within individual Galactic globular clusters. We have tested, with fully consistent stellar evolution calculations, whether theoretical isochrones for stars born with the observed abundance anticorrelations satisfy the observational evidence that objects with different degrees of these anomalies lie on essentially identical sequences in the color-magnitude diagram (CMD). To this purpose, we have computed for the first time low-mass stellar models and isochrones with an initial metal mixture that includes the extreme values of the observed abundance anticorrelations and varying initial He mass fractions. Comparisons with "normal" α-enhanced isochrones and suitable Monte Carlo simulations that include photometric errors show that a significant broadening of the CMD sequences occurs only if the helium enhancement is extremely large (in this study, when Y = 0.35) in the stars showing anomalous abundances. Stellar luminosity functions up to the red giant branch tip are also very weakly affected, apart from—depending on the He content of the polluting material—the red giant branch bump region. We also study the distribution of stars along the zero-age horizontal branch and derive general constraints on the relative location of objects with and without abundance anomalies along the observed horizontal branches of globular clusters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preliminary data from this study are encouraging and a double blind placebo-controlled trial will be required to show long-term efficacy and tolerance of LNAAs in the treatment of PKU.
Abstract: Large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) have been used on a limited number of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) with the purpose of decreasing the influx of phenylalanine (Phe) to the brain. In earlier studies on mice with PKU (ENU2/ENU2), LNAAs were given and a surprising decline in blood Phe concentrations was observed. The formula used in the mouse experiment (PreKUnil) lacked lysine. Therefore, a new formulation of LNAAs (NeoPhe) was developed, introducing changes in the concentration of some amino acids and adding lysine, so that such a mixture could be used in humans. The new formula was found to be effective in reducing blood Phe concentration in mice by about 50% of the elevated levels. Patients with PKU were given LNAAs and blood Phe concentrations were determined in an open-label study. Three centres—in Russia, the Ukraine and the USA—took part in the study. NeoPhe was given at 0.5 g/kg per day in three divided doses to eight subjects with PKU and at 1.0 g/kg per day to three patients, for one week. The NeoPhe resulted in decrease of elevated blood Phe by 50% in both groups. The preliminary data from this study are encouraging and a double blind placebo-controlled trial will be required to show long-term efficacy and tolerance of LNAAs in the treatment of PKU.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Range of motion for pelvic obliquity and rotation was significantly decreased when walking with a backpack, suggesting that backpack carriage could cause permanent posture deviations in young female college students.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
09 Jan 2006
TL;DR: An Integrated Propulsion Test System (IPTS) has been designed, developed and validated at Wichita State University, and a reliable database of performance data has been created.
Abstract: The recent boom in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) aircraft development creates a strong demand for accurate small-diameter propeller performance data. Small-diameter propellers as defined in this paper (diameter 6 inches to 22 inches), operate at low Reynolds numbers (typically between 30,000 and 300,000), rendering performance scaling from larger counterparts inaccurate. An Integrated Propulsion Test System (IPTS) has been designed, developed and validated at Wichita State University (WSU). A large number of propellers have been tested and a reliable database of performance data has been created. This paper discusses the salient features of this measurement system and propeller test data for a few propellers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A standard regression analysis using previous pregnancies, history of depression, married versus nonmarried, presence of support, and breast-feeding as predictor variables did not produce statistically significant findings for predicting depression among the pregnant and postpartum women in this study.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the screening of depression among pregnant and postpartum participants in a community-based program. This cross-sectional study used archival data from 98 women participating in a community-based visiting nurse program in a midwestern U.S. city. Depression screening was accomplished using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS); both instruments ask respondents to answer questions regarding their mood during the past week. The CES-D identified more pregnant and postpartum women as depressed than did the EPDS. A standard regression analysis using previous pregnancies, history of depression, married versus nonmarried, presence of support, and breast-feeding as predictor variables did not produce statistically significant findings for predicting depression among the pregnant and postpartum women in this study. This finding underscores the value of brief depression screening instruments for nurses working with pregnant and postpartum women.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the ecology of collaboration between school and university partners using an appreciative inquiry theoretical perspective and demonstrate how it enhances the social capital in school-university partnerships.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the ecology of collaboration between school and university partners using an appreciative inquiry theoretical perspective and to demonstrate how it enhances the social capital in school and university partnerships.Design/methodology/approach – A case study of a partnership of an inner‐city high school and university doctoral action research was explored in the frameworks of mutuality, social capital, and appreciative inquiry. The theoretical perspective of appreciative inquiry served as the basis for the mutuality between administrators and faculty in the inner‐city high school and the doctoral action research team.Findings – Findings suggest that approaching school‐university partnerships through an appreciative inquiry theoretical perspective creates an environment for building trust, sharing knowledge, and increasing bridging capital, thus benefiting both the school and university.Originality/value – The action research team formed a partnership with te...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined the associations between lifetime mental disorder, comorbidity, and self-reported post-runaway arrests among 428 homeless and runaway youth, who were interviewed directly on the streets and in shelters in four Midwestern states using computer assisted personal interviewing.
Abstract: This study examined the associations between lifetime mental disorder, comorbidity, and self-reported postrunaway arrests among 428 (187 males, 241 females) homeless and runaway youth. The analysis examined the pattern of arrests across five lifetime mental disorders (alcohol abuse, drug abuse, conduct disorder, major depressive episode, and posttraumatic stress disorder). The adolescents, ranging from 16 to 19 years old, were interviewed directly on the streets and in shelters in four Midwestern states using computer-assisted personal interviewing. Extensive self-reports of early life history, behaviors since running away from home, and diagnostic interviewing (UM-CIDI and DISC-R) were used to estimate possible disorders. There was a high level of postrunaway arrests reported by the youth; more than half were arrested at least once after the initial runaway, with the average of 4.4 times. Consistent with the hypotheses, there were differential associations between individual mental disorders and involvement with the criminal justice system. Only externalizing disorders such as substance abuse and conduct disorder were related to arrest. Street youth with multiple externalizing and internalizing disorders were more likely to be arrested than nondisordered youths.