Wichita State University

About: Wichita State University is a education organization based out in Wichita, Kansas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 4988 authors who have published 9563 publications receiving 253824 citations. The organization is also known as: WSU & Fairmount College.

Highly nonplanar, electron deficient, N-substituted tetra-oxocyclohexadienylidene porphyrinogens: structural, computational, and electrochemical investigations.

Abstract: The structures and electrochemistry of N-benzylated meso-tetrakis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene) porphyrinogens have been investigated. Structural determinations reveal the isomeric identity of the products obtained from the N-alkylation of the parent meso-tetra (oxo-cyclohexadienylidene) porphyrinogen. The compounds are subject to increased macrocyclic deformations upon increasing N-substitution culminating in the tetra-N-benzyl derivative, which has a buckling superimposed on the already highly puckered macrocycle. The electrochemical analyses emphasize the electron deficiency of the N-benzylated meso-tetra(oxo-cyclohexadienylidene) porphyrinogens and indicate that they can be considered as quinones conjugated via the unsaturated tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. The N-benzylated compounds studied form stable and well-defined pi-cation radical and pi-anion radical species because of their highly conjugated nature. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the B3LYP/3-21G() level confirmed the high degree of conjugation between tetrapyrrole and meso substituents and also gave good agreement between calculated and experimentally determined HOMO-LUMO band gap energies.

Searching for information on the web

Abstract: Prior domain knowledge improves older adults query and navigation strategies and copes with the age-related decline of cognitive flexibility.Unlike prior results, older adults were outperformed by young ones in open-ended information problems.In open-ended information problems, older adults did not benefit from their prior knowledge and produced semantically less relevant queries as compared to fact-finding problems. This study focuses on the impact of age, prior domain knowledge and cognitive abilities on performance, query production and navigation strategies during information searching. Twenty older adults and nineteen young adults had to answer 12 information search problems of varying nature within two domain knowledge: health and manga. In each domain, participants had to perform two simple fact-finding problems (keywords provided and answer directly accessible on the search engine results page), two difficult fact-finding problems (keywords had to be inferred) and two open-ended information search problems (multiple answers possible and navigation necessary). Results showed that prior domain knowledge helped older adults improve navigation (i.e. reduced the number of webpages visited and thus decreased the feeling of disorientation), query production and reformulation (i.e. they formulated semantically more specific queries, and they inferred a greater number of new keywords).

Electron transfer dissociation of dipositive uranyl and plutonyl coordination complexes

Abstract: Reported here is a comparison of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) of solvent-coordinated dipositive uranyl and plutonyl ions generated by electrospray ionization. Fundamental differences between the ETD and CID processes are apparent, as are differences between the intrinsic chemistries of uranyl and plutonyl. Reduction of both charge and oxidation state, which is inherent in ETD activation of [An(VI) O(2) (CH(3) COCH(3) )(4) ](2+) , [An(VI) O(2) (CH(3) CN)(4) ](2) , [U(VI) O(2) (CH(3) COCH(3) )(5) ](2+) and [U(VI) O(2) (CH(3) CN)(5) ](2+) (An = U or Pu), is accompanied by ligand loss. Resulting low-coordinate uranyl(V) complexes add O(2) , whereas plutonyl(V) complexes do not. In contrast, CID of the same complexes generates predominantly doubly-charged products through loss of coordinating ligands. Singly-charged CID products of [U(VI) O(2) (CH(3) COCH(3) )(4,5) ](2+) , [U(VI) O(2) (CH(3) CN)(4,5) ](2+) and [Pu(VI) O(2) (CH(3) CN)(4) ](2+) retain the hexavalent metal oxidation state with the addition of hydroxide or acetone enolate anion ligands. However, CID of [Pu(VI) O(2) (CH(3) COCH(3) )(4) ](2+) generates monopositive plutonyl(V) complexes, reflecting relatively more facile reduction of Pu(VI) to Pu(V).

Emics, Etics, and Social Objectivity

Abstract: Emic analysis, whether seen as opposed or as complementary to etic modes, is regarded as essential for ensuring that culture-specific particularities are not suppressed in efforts to subsume social phenomena under cross-culturally valid generalizations. Particularly, there is concern that the aim of providing an account of the concepts and principles subjects use to organize reality will be frustrated if alien etic notions function in ethnographic systematization where emic ones should. This paper examines this and other aspects of the emics/etics problem, with particular emphasis on the ostensible function of emic analysis to avoid interpreter imposition of etic categories. It is argued that ethnographic objectivity must acknowledge some degree of imposition but that this does not render emic analysis pointless. Particular emphasis is given to W. V. Quine's idea of the indeterminacy of translation, which seems antithetical to emics but which, with some reconstruction, provides a basis for a viable emic mode.

A Fowler Flap System for a High-Performance General Aviation Airfoil

Abstract: A two-dimensional wind-tunnel evaluation of two Fowler flap configurations on the new GA(W)-1 airfoil was conducted. One configuration used a computer-designed 29-percent chord Fowler flap. The second configuration was modified to have increased Fowler action with a 30-percent chord flap. Force, pressure, and flow-visualization data were obtained at Reynolds numbers of 2.2 million to 2.9 million. Optimum slot geometry and performance were found to be close to computer predictions. A C sub L max of 3.8 was achieved. Optimum flap deflection, slot gap, and flap overlap are presented as functions of C sub L. Tests were made with the lower surface cusp filled in to show the performance penalties that result. Some data on the effects of adding vortex generators and hinged-plate spoilers were obtained.