Wichita State University

About: Wichita State University is a education organization based out in Wichita, Kansas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 4988 authors who have published 9563 publications receiving 253824 citations. The organization is also known as: WSU & Fairmount College.

Factors contributing to the survival of self-help groups.

Abstract: Despite the growing utilization of self-help groups, there have been only a handful of studies that have examined the factors that contribute to their survival. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that contribute to self-help group survival by examining their relationship with external sources (i.e., national and local self-help organizations, professionals) and group organizational characteristics (i.e., leadership diversification, recruitment, attendance at group meetings). Representatives from 245 active and 94 recently disbanded self-help groups were included in the analysis. Results indicated that the primary factors that discriminated between active and disbanded groups were the number of new people to attend a meeting, average group meeting attendance, length of existence, leadership diversification, outreach to potential group members, and support from national and local organizations. Results are discussed in terms of what national self-help organizations, self-help clearinghouses, and others who interact with self-help groups can do to empower and support them.

Development and Validation of Feedback Routines for Instructing Students with Learning Disabilities

Abstract: This investigation focused on validating two feedback routines for use by special education teachers to enhance the performance of students with learn- ing disabilities. One routine (the Feedback Routine) involved teacher-delivered elaborated feedback, the other (the Feedback-Plus-Assistance Routine) consisted of elaborated feedback plus a student-acceptance routine, which included setting goals for the next practice trial. Two experimental designs were employed: one to determine whether teachers could learn the routines, the other to determine the ef- fects on student learning. Dependent measures were (a) teacher and student per- formance of the routines, (b) student trials to mastery, and (c) student errors across trials. Measures of teacher and student satisfaction and teacher mainte- nance were also gathered. Results indicated that the special education teachers ef- fectively integrated the routines into their teaching repertoires. Further, the rou- tines significantly reduced the number of student trials to mastery and the number of student errors in practice attempts following feedback sessions. The two rou- tines appeared equally powerful in terms of teacher and student learning; however, the teachers continued to maintain the routine requiring student involvement in goal setting for a longer period.

Neuropsychological dysfunction among affected heterozygous fragile X females

Abstract: Fragile X (or Martin-Bell) syndrome is an X-linked disorder that often produces mental retardation in males, but usually affects heterozygous females to a lesser degree. Here we report the results of a brief neuropsychological examination of 20 heterozygous fra(x) girls and women and two control groups of 20 individuals each. One control group was composed of fra(x)-negative mothers (obligate carriers) and sisters of male probands with fra(x) syndrome, whereas the other was composed of 14 head-injured and six learning disabled women and girls. In addition to general intellectual impairment, several specific cognitive deficits were consistently found in individuals with the Martin-Bell syndrome, suggesting focal neuropsychological dysfunction. Significant differences were noted between fra(x) individuals and controls on most cognitive and neuropsychological measures studied. Over one-third of the fra(x) individuals demonstrated neuropsychological symptoms characteristic of the full developmental Gerstmann syndrome, whereas another third had three or four of the five signs of possible parietal lobe dysfunction. In our sample, there was an association between improved performance and increasing age. Differences among heterozygous individuals in number of focal symptoms may reflect some variability in the penetrance of the fra(x) gene, as well as in the functional organization of the brain.