Wilmington University

About: Wilmington University is a education organization based out in New Castle, Delaware, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Electrical connector. The organization has 32921 authors who have published 31419 publications receiving 758664 citations. The organization is also known as: Wilmington College & WilmU.

The wide-field infrared survey explorer (wise): mission description and initial on-orbit performance

Abstract: The all sky surveys done by the Palomar Observatory Schmidt, the European Southern Observatory Schmidt, and the United Kingdom Schmidt, the InfraRed Astronomical Satellite and the 2 Micron All Sky Survey have proven to be extremely useful tools for astronomy with value that lasts for decades. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer is mapping the whole sky following its launch on 14 December 2009. WISE began surveying the sky on 14 Jan 2010 and completed its first full coverage of the sky on July 17. The survey will continue to cover the sky a second time until the cryogen is exhausted (anticipated in November 2010). WISE is achieving 5 sigma point source sensitivities better than 0.08, 0.11, 1 and 6 mJy in unconfused regions on the ecliptic in bands centered at wavelengths of 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 micrometers. Sensitivity improves toward the ecliptic poles due to denser coverage and lower zodiacal background. The angular resolution is 6.1", 6.4", 6.5" and 12.0" at 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22 micrometers, and the astrometric precision for high SNR sources is better than 0.15".

A Simple Statistical Parameter for Use in Evaluation and Validation of High Throughput Screening Assays.

Abstract: The ability to identify active compounds (³hits²) from large chemical libraries accurately and rapidly has been the ultimate goal in developing high-throughput screening (HTS) assays. The ability to identify hits from a particular HTS assay depends largely on the suitability or quality of the assay used in the screening. The criteria or parameters for evaluating the ³suitability² of an HTS assay for hit identification are not well defined and hence it still remains difficult to compare the quality of assays directly. In this report, a screening window coefficient, called ³Z-factor,² is defined. This coefficient is reflective of both the assay signal dynamic range and the data variation associated with the signal measurements, and therefore is suitable for assay quality assessment. The Z-factor is a dimensionless, simple statistical characteristic for each HTS assay. The Z-factor provides a useful tool for comparison and evaluation of the quality of assays, and can be utilized in assay optimization and validation.

Introduction to modern liquid chromatography

Abstract: PREFACE. GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS. 1 INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Background Information. 1.2 A Short History of HPLC. 1.3 Some Alternatives to HPLC. 1.4 Other Sources of HPLC Information. References. 2 BASIC CONCEPTS AND THE CONTROL OF SEPARATION. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The Chromatographic Process. 2.3 Retention. 2.4 Peak Width and the Column Plate Number N. 2.5 Resolution and Method Development. 2.6 Sample Size Effects. 2.7 RELATED TOPICS. References. 3 EQUIPMENT. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Reservoirs and Solvent Filtration. 3.3 Mobile-Phase Degassing. 3.4 Tubing and Fittings. 3.5 Pumping Systems. 3.6 Autosamplers. 3.7 Column Ovens. 3.8 Data Systems. 3.9 Extra-Column Effects. 3.10 Maintenance. References. 4 DETECTION. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Detector Characteristics. 4.3 Introduction to Individual Detectors. 4.4 UV-Visible Detectors. 4.5 Fluorescence Detectors. 4.6 Electrochemical (Amperometric) Detectors. 4.7 Radioactivity Detectors. 4.8 Conductivity Detectors. 4.9 Chemiluminescent Nitrogen Detector. 4.10 Chiral Detectors. 4.11 Refractive Index Detectors. 4.12 Light-Scattering Detectors. 4.13 Corona-Discharge Detector (CAD). 4.14 Mass Spectral Detectors (MS). 4.15 Other Hyphenated Detectors. 4.16 Sample Derivatization and Reaction Detectors. References. 5 THE COLUMN. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Column Supports. 5.3 Stationary Phases. 5.4 Column Selectivity. 5.5 Column Hardware. 5.6 Column-Packing Methods. 5.7 Column Specifications. 5.8 Column Handling. References. 6 REVERSED-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR NEUTRAL SAMPLES. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Retention. 6.3 Selectivity. 6.4 Method Development and Strategies for Optimizing Selectivity. 6.5 Nonaqueous Reversed-Phase Chromatography (NARP). 6.6 Special Problems. References. 7 IONIC SAMPLES: REVERSED-PHASE, ION-PAIR, AND IONEXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Acid-Base Equilibria and Reversed-Phase Retention. 7.3 Separation of Ionic Samples by Reversed-Phase Chromatography (RPC). 7.4 Ion-Pair Chromatography (IPC). 7.5 Ion-Exchange Chromatography (IEC). References. 8 NORMAL-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Retention. 8.3 Selectivity. 8.4 Method-Development Summary. 8.5 Problems in the Use of NPC. 8.6 Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC). References. 9 GRADIENT ELUTION. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Experimental Conditions and Their Effects on Separation. 9.3 Method Development. 9.4 Large-Molecule Separations. 9.5 Other Separation Modes. 9.6 Problems. References. 10 COMPUTER-ASSISTED METHOD DEVELOPMENT. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Computer-Simulation Software. 10.3 Other Method-Development Software. 10.4 Computer Simulation and Method Development. References. 11 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Signal Measurement. 11.3 Qualitative Analysis. 11.4 Quantitative Analysis. 11.5 Summary. References. 12 METHOD VALIDATION. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Terms and Definitions. 12.3 System Suitability. 12.4 Documentation. 12.5 Validation for Different Pharmaceutical-Method Types. 12.6 Bioanalytical Methods. 12.7 Analytical Method Transfer (AMT). 12.8 Method Adjustment or Method Modification. 12.9 Quality Control and Quality Assurance. 12.10 Summary. References. 13 BIOCHEMICAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMER SEPARATIONS. 13.1 Biomacromolecules. 13.2 Molecular Structure and Conformation. 13.3 Special Considerations for Biomolecule HPLC. 13.4 Separation of Peptides and Proteins. 13.5 Separation of Nucleic Acids. 13.6 Separation of Carbohydrates. 13.7 Separation of Viruses. 13.8 Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). 13.9 Large-Scale Purification of Large Biomolecules. 13.10 Synthetic Polymers. References. 14 ENANTIOMER SEPARATIONS. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Background and Definitions. 14.3 Indirect Method. 14.4 Direct Method. 14.5 Peak Dispersion and Tailing. 14.6 Chiral Stationary Phases and Their Characteristics. 14.7 Thermodynamic Considerations. References. 15 PREPARATIVE SEPARATIONS. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Equipment for Prep-LC Separation. 15.3 Isocratic Elution. 15.4 Severely Overloaded Separation. 15.5 Gradient Elution. 15.6 Production-Scale Separation. References. 16 SAMPLE PREPARATION. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Types of Samples. 16.3 Preliminary Processing of Solid and Semi-Solid Samples. 16.4 Sample Preparation for Liquid Samples. 16.5 Liquid-Liquid Extraction. 16.6 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE). 16.7 Membrane Techniques in Sample Preparation. 16.8 Sample Preparation Methods for Solid Samples. 16.9 Column-Switching. 16.10 Sample Preparation for Biochromatography. 16.11 Sample Preparation for LC-MS. 16.12 Derivatization in HPLC. References. 17 TROUBLESHOOTING. Quick Fix. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Prevention of Problems. 17.3 Problem-Isolation Strategies. 17.4 Common Symptoms of HPLC Problems. 17.5 Troubleshooting Tables. References. APPENDIX I. PROPERTIES OF HPLC SOLVENTS. I.1 Solvent-Detector Compatibility. I.1.1 UV Detection. I.1.2 RI Detection. I.1.3 MS Detection. I.2 Solvent Polarity and Selectivity. I.3 Solvent Safety. References. APPENDIX II. PREPARING BUFFERED MOBILE PHASES. II.1 Sequence of Operations. II.2 Recipes for Some Commonly Used Buffers. Reference. Index.