Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

About: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a nonprofit organization based out in Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Mantle (geology). The organization has 5685 authors who have published 18396 publications receiving 1202050 citations. The organization is also known as: WHOI.

QIIME 2: Reproducible, interactive, scalable, and extensible microbiome data science

Abstract: We present QIIME 2, an open-source microbiome data science platform accessible to users spanning the microbiome research ecosystem, from scientists and engineers to clinicians and policy makers. QIIME 2 provides new features that will drive the next generation of microbiome research. These include interactive spatial and temporal analysis and visualization tools, support for metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics analysis, and automated data provenance tracking to ensure reproducible, transparent microbiome data science.

Transient Simulation of Last Deglaciation with a New Mechanism for Bølling-Allerød Warming

Abstract: We conducted the first synchronously coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model simulation from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Bolling-Allerod (BA) warming. Our model reproduces several major features of the deglacial climate evolution, suggesting a good agreement in climate sensitivity between the model and observations. In particular, our model simulates the abrupt BA warming as a transient response of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to a sudden termination of freshwater discharge to the North Atlantic before the BA. In contrast to previous mechanisms that invoke AMOC multiple equilibrium and Southern Hemisphere climate forcing, we propose that the BA transition is caused by the superposition of climatic responses to the transient CO 2 forcing, the AMOC recovery from Heinrich Event 1, and an AMOC overshoot.

The Mussel Watch

Abstract: The levels of four sets of pollutants (heavy-metals, artificial radionuclides, petroleum components, and halogenated hydrocarbons), have been measured in U.S. coastal waters, using bivalves as sentinel organisms. The strategies of carrying out this programme are outlined and the results from the first year's work are given. Varying degrees of pollution in U.S. coastal waters have been indicated by elevated levels of pollutants in the bivalves, which comprised certain species of mussels and oysters and were collected at over one hundred localities.

The Measurement of Dissolved Organic and Particulate Carbon in SEAWATER1

Abstract: A method is described for the rapid determination of dissolved organic carbon in seawater in concentrations between 0.1 and 20 mg/liter. The oxidation is carried out in sealed glass ampoules using K 2 S 2 O 8 as an oxidizing agent after the sample has been freed of inorganic carbon. The resulting CO 2 is passed through a nondispersive infrared analyzer using nitrogen as a carrier and the signal output of the analyzer recorded. Using appropriate calibration curves, the carbon content is determined from the height of the peak. Approximately 100 samples can be analyzed in a single day with a precision of ± 0.1 mg/liter using a sample volume of 5 ml. A companion method is described for the determination of particulate carbon by high-temperature combustion after concentration of the sample on a glass-fiber filter. The precision of this method is ± 10 mug C in a range of 0-500 mug C. Approximately six samples can be analyzed in an hour.

An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge

Abstract: New investigations of the Southwest Indian and Arctic ridges reveal an ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge that is characterized by intermittent volcanism and a lack of transform faults. We find that the mantle beneath such ridges is emplaced continuously to the seafloor over large regions. The differences between ultraslow- and slow-spreading ridges are as great as those between slow- and fast-spreading ridges. The ultraslow-spreading ridges usually form at full spreading rates less than about 12 mm yr-1, though their characteristics are commonly found at rates up to approximately 20 mm yr-1. The ultraslow-spreading ridges consist of linked magmatic and amagmatic accretionary ridge segments. The amagmatic segments are a previously unrecognized class of accretionary plate boundary structure and can assume any orientation, with angles relative to the spreading direction ranging from orthogonal to acute. These amagmatic segments sometimes coexist with magmatic ridge segments for millions of years to form stable plate boundaries, or may displace or be displaced by transforms and magmatic ridge segments as spreading rate, mantle thermal structure and ridge geometry change.