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Institution

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

NonprofitFalmouth, Massachusetts, United States
About: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a nonprofit organization based out in Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Mantle (geology). The organization has 5685 authors who have published 18396 publications receiving 1202050 citations. The organization is also known as: WHOI.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oxygen and carbon isotope data indicate that the aragonite is formed close to isotopic equilibrium with the sea, which is surprising, because seawater has no direct access to the inner ear where the otolith orginates.
Abstract: Recent and fossil otoliths from 25 different fishes have been studied for their amino acid content and for their C13/C12 and O18/O16 distribution in the carbonate fraction. The selection includes specimens from a wide phylogenetic range as well as from various freshwater and marine habitats. All otoliths are composed of aragonite, and their total organic matter ranges from 0.2 to 10%. The organic matter is a protein (MW>150,000), which is characterized by a high abundance of acidic amino acids. In comparison to molluscs that exhibit a wide variety of different mineralized tissues which are species specific, the proteinaceous matter of all otoliths is chemically rather uniform. The high abundance of oxygen-rich amino acids accounts for the ease of mineralization of the organic template. Namely, oxygen supplied by carboxyl grops is used for the coordination of Ca++ ions, resulting in the formation of metal ion coordination polyhedra. Carbonate groups linked via hydrogen bridges to the template will exchange their oxygen with that of the metal polyhedra to stabilize the structure; Ca++O9 polyhedra are the consequence. Subsequent nucleation and crystal growth will lead to aragonite. Oxygen and carbon isotope data indicate that the aragonite is formed close to isotopic equilibrium with the sea. This is surprising, because seawater has no direct access to the inner ear where the otolith orginates. Isotope data may serve a threefold purpose: (1) to determine the mean water temperature where the fish lived, (2) to distinguish between fresh water and marine fish in ancient deposits, and (3) to reveal information on migrtory tendencies of fish.

426 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Anthropogenic activities on coastal watersheds increase nutrient concentrations of groundwater, and the resulting nutrient loading rates can be significant because nutrient concentrations in coastal groundwaters may be several orders of magnitude greater than those of receiving coastal waters as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Anthropogenic activities on coastal watersheds increase nutrient concentrations of groundwater. As groundwater travels downslope it transports these nutrients toward the adjoining coastal water. The resulting nutrient loading rates can be significant because nutrient concentrations in coastal groundwaters may be several orders of magnitude greater than those of receiving coastal waters. Groundwater-borne nutrients are most subject to active biogeochemical transformations as they course through the upper 1 m or so of bottom sediments. There conditions favor anaerobic processes such as denitrification, as well as other mechanisms that either sequester or release nutrients. The relative importance of advective vs. regenerative pathways of nutrient supply may result in widely different rates of release of nutrients from sediments. The relative activity of denitrifiers also may alter the ratio of N to P released to overlying waters, and hence affect which nutrient limits growth of producers. The consequences of nutrient (particularly nitrate) loading include somewhat elevated nutrient concentrations in the watercolumn, increased growth of macroalgae and phytoplankton, reduction of seagrass beds, and reductions of the associated fauna. The decline in animals occurs because of habitat changes and because of the increased frequency of anoxic events prompted by the characteristically high respiration rates found in enriched waters.

426 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the disequilibrium between the particle-reactive tracer 234 Th (t 1 2 = 24.1 days) and its soluble parent, 238 U, was used to examine Th scavenging and export fluxes during the U.S. JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (24 April-30 May 1989) at ∼47°N, 20°W.

425 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Trace element analyses have been carried out on hydrothermally altered pillow basalts of greenschist facies dredged from the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as mentioned in this paper.

425 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrated that by comparing the isotope values of an animal and its local prey or environment, the animal's movements can be estimated, given that isotopic variation exists between habitats.
Abstract: The stable isotope composition of animal tissues can provide intrinsic tags to study the foraging and migratory ecology of predators in the open ocean. Chapter 13 (this volume) demonstrated that by comparing the isotope values of an animal and its local prey or environment, the animal’s movements can be estimated, given that isotopic variation exists between habitats. The utility of using geographical variations in stable isotopes values, or isoscapes to study the movements of marine predators has been limited because of our lack of knowledge on the spatial variation of the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope values in the open ocean.

424 citations


Authors

Showing all 5752 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Roberto Romero1511516108321
Jerry M. Melillo13438368894
Timothy J. Mitchison13340466418
Xiaoou Tang13255394555
Jillian F. Banfield12756260687
Matthew Jones125116196909
Rodolfo R. Llinás12038652828
Ronald D. Vale11734249020
Scott C. Doney11140659218
Alan G. Marshall107106046904
Peter K. Smith10785549174
Donald E. Canfield10529843270
Edward F. DeLong10226242794
Eric A. Davidson10128145511
Gary G. Borisy10124838195
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202357
2022126
2021712
2020701
2019737
2018612