scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

NonprofitFalmouth, Massachusetts, United States
About: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is a nonprofit organization based out in Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Mantle (geology). The organization has 5685 authors who have published 18396 publications receiving 1202050 citations. The organization is also known as: WHOI.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An accumulation zone is defined in the North Pacific subtropical gyre that closely corresponds to centers of accumulation resulting from the convergence of ocean surface currents predicted by several oceanographic numerical models.
Abstract: We present an extensive survey of floating plastic debris in the eastern North and South Pacific Oceans from more than 2500 plankton net tows conducted between 2001 and 2012. From these data we defined an accumulation zone (25 to 41°N, 130 to 180°W) in the North Pacific subtropical gyre that closely corresponds to centers of accumulation resulting from the convergence of ocean surface currents predicted by several oceanographic numerical models. Maximum plastic concentrations from individual surface net tows exceeded 106 pieces km–2, with concentrations decreasing with increasing distance from the predicted center of accumulation. Outside the North Pacific subtropical gyre the median plastic concentration was 0 pieces km–2. We were unable to detect a robust temporal trend in the data set, perhaps because of confounded spatial and temporal variability. Large spatiotemporal variability in plastic concentration causes order of magnitude differences in summary statistics calculated over short time periods or ...

375 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Aug 1979-Nature
TL;DR: The internal demands exceed the net inputs of nitrogen by rain, groundwater flow and fixation, suggesting very active uptake, conversion, release and recycling of nitrogen within a marsh ecosystem.
Abstract: Salt marshes reduce oxidised nitrogenous compounds to ammonium and paniculate nitrogen and export these reduced forms to coastal waters. The internal demands exceed the net inputs of nitrogen by rain, groundwater flow and fixation, suggesting very active uptake, conversion, release and recycling of nitrogen within a marsh ecosystem. Nitrogen losses are mainly through tidal exchanges and denitrification, and these two outputs balance the gains. The chemical exchanges among uplands, marshes and coastal water are important in structuring these ecosystems.

375 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Lagrange multiplier procedure is used to objectively adjust inputs based on their uncertainties such that the computed TOA irradiance is consistent with CERES-derived irradiance to within the uncertainty.
Abstract: The estimate of surface irradiance on a global scale is possible through radiative transfer calculations using satellite-retrieved surface, cloud, and aerosol properties as input. Computed top-of-atmosphere (TOA) irradiances, however, do not necessarily agree with observation-based values, for example, from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES). This paper presents a method to determine surface irradiances using observational constraints of TOA irradiance from CERES. A Lagrange multiplier procedure is used to objectively adjust inputs based on their uncertainties such that the computed TOA irradiance is consistent with CERES-derived irradiance to within the uncertainty. These input adjustments are then used to determine surface irradiance adjustments. Observations by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), CloudSat, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) that are a part of the NASA ...

374 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Dec 2000-Science
TL;DR: Reconstructed changes in atmospheric carbon-14 are larger than previously thought, with the largest change occurring simultaneously with the sudden climatic cooling of the Younger Dryas event.
Abstract: Radiocarbon data from the Cariaco Basin provide calibration of the carbon-14 time scale across the period of deglaciation (15,000 to 10,000 years ago) with resolution available previously only from Holocene tree rings. Reconstructed changes in atmospheric carbon-14 are larger than previously thought, with the largest change occurring simultaneously with the sudden climatic cooling of the Younger Dryas event. Carbon-14 and published beryllium-10 data together suggest that concurrent climate and carbon-14 changes were predominantly the result of abrupt shifts in deep ocean ventilation.

373 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present observational estimates of desert dust based on pa- leodata proxies showing a doubling of the amount of dust during the 20th century over much, but not all the globe.
Abstract: Desert dust perturbs climate by directly and in- directly interacting with incoming solar and outgoing long wave radiation, thereby changing precipitation and tempera- ture, in addition to modifying ocean and land biogeochem- istry. While we know that desert dust is sensitive to pertur- bations in climate and human land use, previous studies have been unable to determine whether humans were increasing or decreasing desert dust in the global average. Here we present observational estimates of desert dust based on pa- leodata proxies showing a doubling of desert dust during the 20th century over much, but not all the globe. Large uncertainties remain in estimates of desert dust variability over 20th century due to limited data. Using these ob- servational estimates of desert dust change in combination with ocean, atmosphere and land models, we calculate the net radiative effect of these observed changes (top of at- mosphere) over the 20th century to be 0.14± 0.11 W/m 2 (1990-1999 vs. 1905-1914). The estimated radiative change

372 citations


Authors

Showing all 5752 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Roberto Romero1511516108321
Jerry M. Melillo13438368894
Timothy J. Mitchison13340466418
Xiaoou Tang13255394555
Jillian F. Banfield12756260687
Matthew Jones125116196909
Rodolfo R. Llinás12038652828
Ronald D. Vale11734249020
Scott C. Doney11140659218
Alan G. Marshall107106046904
Peter K. Smith10785549174
Donald E. Canfield10529843270
Edward F. DeLong10226242794
Eric A. Davidson10128145511
Gary G. Borisy10124838195
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
7.8K papers, 487.4K citations

97% related

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
10.7K papers, 499.6K citations

94% related

Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory
8K papers, 504.5K citations

93% related

IFREMER
12.3K papers, 468.8K citations

91% related

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
30.1K papers, 1.5M citations

90% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202357
2022126
2021712
2020701
2019737
2018612