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Institution

Worcester Polytechnic Institute

EducationWorcester, Massachusetts, United States
About: Worcester Polytechnic Institute is a education organization based out in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Data envelopment analysis. The organization has 6270 authors who have published 12704 publications receiving 332081 citations. The organization is also known as: WPI.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: New capacitance measurements of critical Casimir force-induced thinning of 4He films near the superfluid transition, focused on the region below Tlambda where the effect is the greatest, confirm the presence down to 2.13 K of the Goldstone or surface fluctuation force.
Abstract: We present new capacitance measurements of critical Casimir force-induced thinning of 4He films near the superfluid transition, focused on the region below Tlambda where the effect is the greatest. 4He films of 238, 285, and 340 A thickness are adsorbed on atomically smooth, N-doped silicon substrates. The Casimir force scaling function theta, deduced from the thinning of these three films, collapses onto a single universal curve, attaining a minimum theta=-1.30+/-0.03 at x=td1/nu=-9.7+/-0.8 A1/nu. The collapse confirms the finite-size scaling origin of the dip in the film thickness. Separately, we also confirm the presence down to 2.13 K of the Goldstone or surface fluctuation force, which makes the superfluid film approximately 2 A thinner than the normal film.

128 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the changes in Superpave performance grade (PG) of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) binder were determined after addition of two doses of six rejuvenators.

128 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway may mediate FSH-, LH-, and estrogen-stimulated HOSE cell proliferation and may be associated with ovarian cancer.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Reproductive hormones are associated with risk for epithelial ovarian cancer. To determine the effect of such hormones on the activation of interleukin 6 (IL-6)/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3) signaling, which may be involved in ovarian cancer, we investigated the status of STAT3, IL-6, and its receptor in immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) and ovarian cancer (OVCA) cell lines. METHODS Two immortalized HOSE cell lines and two OVCA cell lines were cultured with gonadotropins, sex steroid hormones, and/or IL-6, alone or with specific inhibitors or IL-6-neutralizing antibodies. Expression of IL-6, the IL-6 receptor alpha chain (IL-6Ralpha), and phosphorylated and unphosphorylated STAT3 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and proteins in all cells was determined. Cell proliferation and soft-agar colony formation were assessed. STAT3 activity was investigated in OVCA cells transfected with a dominant negative STAT3 (Dn-STAT3), wild-type STAT3, or an empty control vector. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Levels of IL-6 mRNA and protein increased in all cells treated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17beta-estradiol, or estrone but increased only in OVCA cells treated with testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. For all lines, IL-6 antibodies partially inhibited hormone-stimulated cell proliferation but completely inhibited IL-6-enhanced cell proliferation. IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation and activation in HOSE cells; STAT3 was constitutively activated in OVCA cells. Higher levels of IL-6Ralpha and STAT3 transcription factors were observed in OVCA cells than in HOSE cells. After transfection, Dn-STAT3 suppressed endogenous STAT3 and inhibited all forms of IL-6-stimulated OVCA cell proliferation (OVCA 429 cells, P<.001; OVCA 432 cells, P<.006), whereas wild-type STAT3 enhanced HOSE cell proliferation (wild-type STAT3 at 0.5 microg/mL in HOSE 306 cells, P<.002; STAT3 at 1.0 microg/mL in HOSE 306 or both concentrations of wild-type STAT3 in HOSE 642 cells, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway may mediate FSH-, LH-, and estrogen-stimulated HOSE cell proliferation. Increased IL-6Ralpha expression and constitutive STAT3 activation may be associated with ovarian cancer.

127 citations

Book ChapterDOI
23 Jun 2008
TL;DR: How help can both scaffold the current problem attempt as well as teach the student knowledge that will transfer to later problems is described, suggesting that the Bayesian Evaluation and Assessment framework is the strongest of the three.
Abstract: Most ITS have a means of providing assistance to the student, either on student request or when the tutor determines it would be effective Presumably, such assistance is included by the ITS designers since they feel it benefits the students However, whether--and how--help helps students has not been a well studied problem in the ITS community In this paper we present three approaches for evaluating the efficacy of the Reading Tutor's help: creating experimental trials from data, learning decomposition, and Bayesian Evaluation and Assessment, an approach that uses dynamic Bayesian networks We have found that experimental trials and learning decomposition both find a negative benefit for help---that is, help hurts! However, the Bayesian Evaluation and Assessment framework finds that help both promotes student long-term learning and provides additional scaffolding on the current problem We discuss why these approaches give divergent results, and suggest that the Bayesian Evaluation and Assessment framework is the strongest of the three In addition to introducing Bayesian Evaluation and Assessment, a method for simultaneously assessing students and evaluating tutorial interventions, this paper describes how help can both scaffold the current problem attempt as well as teach the student knowledge that will transfer to later problems

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A moment closure method for stochastically modeled chemical or biochemical reaction networks that derives the dynamics of means and all central moments from a chemical master equation and estimates the errors in the means and central moments generated by the approximation method.
Abstract: In this paper we present a moment closure method for stochastically modeled chemical or biochemical reaction networks. We derive a system of differential equations which describes the dynamics of means and all central moments from a chemical master equation. Truncating the system for the central moments at a certain moment term and using Taylor approximation, we obtain explicit representations of means and covariances and even higher central moments in recursive forms. This enables us to deal with the moments in successive differential equations and use conventional numerical methods for their approximations. Furthermore, we estimate the errors in the means and central moments generated by the approximation method. We also find the moments at equilibrium by solving truncated algebraic equations. We show in examples that numerical solutions based on the moment closure method are accurate and efficient by comparing the results to those of stochastic simulation algorithms.

127 citations


Authors

Showing all 6336 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Andrew G. Clark140823123333
Ming Li103166962672
Joseph Sarkis10148245116
Arthur C. Graesser9561438549
Kevin J. Harrington8568233625
Kui Ren8350132490
Bart Preneel8284425572
Ming-Hui Chen8252529184
Yuguang Fang7957220715
Wenjing Lou7731129405
Bernard Lown7333020320
Joe Zhu7223119017
Y.S. Lin7130416100
Kevin Talbot7126815669
Christof Paar6939921790
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202326
202295
2021762
2020836
2019761
2018703