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Institution

World Bank

OtherWashington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
About: World Bank is a other organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poverty. The organization has 7813 authors who have published 21594 publications receiving 1198361 citations. The organization is also known as: World Bank, WB & The World Bank.


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TL;DR: Lederman, Loayza, and Soares as mentioned in this paper used a cross-country panel to examine the determinants of corruption, paying particular attention to political institutions that increase political accountability.
Abstract: The results of a cross-country empirical analysis suggest that political institutions are extremely important in determining the prevalence of corruption: democracy, parliamentary systems, political stability, and freedom of the press are all associated with lower corruption. Using a cross-country panel, Lederman, Loayza, and Soares examine the determinants of corruption, paying particular attention to political institutions that increase political accountability. Previous empirical studies have not analyzed the role of political institutions, even though both the political science and the theoretical economics literature have indicated their importance in determining corruption. The main theoretical hypothesis guiding the authorsi empirical investigation is that political institutions affect corruption through two channels: political accountability and the structure of the provision of public goods. The results suggest that political institutions are extremely important in determining the prevalence of corruption: democracy, parliamentary systems, political stability, and freedom of the press are all associated with lower corruption. In addition, the authors show that common findings of the earlier empirical literature on the determinants of corruption related to openness and legal traditionodo not hold once political variables are taken into account. This paper - a product of the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Region - is part of a larger effort to conduct research on pressing policy issues in the region. The authors may be contacted at dlederman@worldbank.org or nloayza@worldbank.org.

596 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simon Lewin and colleagues present a methodology for increasing transparency and confidence in qualitative research synthesis with a focus on quantitative research synthesis.
Abstract: Simon Lewin and colleagues present a methodology for increasing transparency and confidence in qualitative research synthesis.

596 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the firm characteristics associated with innovation in over 19,000 firms across 47 developing economies and find that access to external financing is associated with greater firm innovation.
Abstract: We investigate the firm characteristics associated with innovation in over 19,000 firms across 47 developing economies. While existing finance literature on innovation is limited to large public firms in developed markets such as the United States, our database includes public and private firms, and small and medium-sized enterprises. We define innovation broadly to include introduction of new products and technologies, knowledge transfers, and new production processes. We find that access to external financing is associated with greater firm innovation. Further, having highly educated managers, ownership by families, individuals, or managers, and exposure to foreign competition is associated with greater firm innovation.

596 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Adam Wagstaff1, Magnus Lindelow1, Gao Jun, Xu Ling, Qian Juncheng 
TL;DR: In 2003, China launched a heavily subsidized voluntary health insurance program for rural residents as discussed by the authors, which has increased outpatient and inpatient utilization, and has reduced the cost of deliveries, but it has not reduced out-of-pocket expenses per outpatient visit or inpatient spell.

593 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Hans P. Binswanger1
TL;DR: Binswanger et al. as discussed by the authors found that the more risk averse choosing more conservative options, the more likely a farmer is to choose more conservative risk-averse options, and that a portion of the observed variation among individual farmers' agricultural decisions can be related to variations in the same farmers' experimentally measured degrees of risk aversion.
Abstract: In economics, empirical work with models of behaviour under risk whether security based or utility based usually involves comparing the models' predictions with the real world decisions of a sample of individuals or firms (for utility-based examples in agriculture, see Anderson et al., I977, or Halter and Dean, I97I; for a safety-based example, see Roumassett, I973). The advantage of this approach is that the analysis focuses on decisions that people actually must make in the course of their economic activities. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to determine the relative influence of risk and other factors on these decisions. This difficulty has led experimental psychologists and, to a much lesser extent, economists to design specific experiments to test the implications of utility theories in the laboratory. (For reviews of this experimental work, most of which has been confined to utility-based theories, see Luce and Suppes, I965, and Grether, I978.) This paper, following the lead of the experimental psychology literature, discusses a relatively simple but fairly large-scale experiment in ruralIndia that the writer and colleagues at ICRISAT designed to measure attitudes toward risk. We chose an experimental approach when it became clear that we could not obtain reliable estimates of risk aversion by the usual interview techniques of eliciting certainty equivalents. (For details of the difficulties encountered in this study and a description of the entire experiment see Binswanger, I980.) We have validated our experimental measures of risk aversion by showing that a portion of the observed variation among individual farmers' agricultural decisions can be related in a systematic manner to variations in the same farmer's experimentally measured degrees of risk aversion, the more risk averse choosing more conservative options (Binswanger et al. i980).1 This observed relationship between experimental behaviour and actual farm decisions suggests the importance of examining the significance of our findings for a number of models of behaviour under risk, focusing on the consistency of our findings

592 citations


Authors

Showing all 7881 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Joseph E. Stiglitz1641142152469
Barry M. Popkin15775190453
Dan J. Stein1421727132718
Asli Demirguc-Kunt13742978166
Elinor Ostrom126430104959
David Scott124156182554
Ross Levine122398108067
Barry Eichengreen11694951073
Martin Ravallion11557055380
Kenneth H. Mayer115135164698
Angus Deaton11036366325
Timothy Besley10336845988
Lawrence H. Summers10228558555
Shang-Jin Wei10141539112
Thorsten Beck9937362708
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202330
202281
2021491
2020594
2019604
2018637