Institution
World Health Organization
Government•Islamabad, Pakistan•
About: World Health Organization is a government organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 13330 authors who have published 22232 publications receiving 1322023 citations. The organization is also known as: World Health Organisation & WHO.
Topics: Population, Public health, Health care, Health policy, Global health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: The association of mortality with health care resources should provide guidance for resource-limited regions on how and when to prepare for possible local outbreaks.
Abstract: The public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China has illustrated that it is possible to contain COVID-19 if governments focus on tried and tested public health outbreak responses.1,2 Isolation, quarantine, social distancing, and community containment measures were rapidly implemented. In China, patients with COVID-19 were immediately isolated in designated existing hospitals, and new hospitals were rapidly built to manage the increasing numbers of cases in the most affected areas. Home quarantine for contacts was initiated and large gatherings were canceled. Additionally, community containment for approximately 40 million to 60 million residents was instituted. A significant positive association between the incidence of COVID-19 cases and mortality was apparent in the Chinese response.3 That is, the rapid escalation in the number of infections in China had resulted in insufficient health care resources, followed by an increase in mortality. The association of mortality with health care resources should provide guidance for resource-limited regions on how and when to prepare for possible local outbreaks.3 In addition, lessons learned from the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV) outbreak geared toward strengthening of public health systems will be helpful.
412 citations
•
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that many developing countries currently exceed the internationally recommended IUGR and LBW cut-off levels for triggering public health action, and that population-wide interventions aimed at preventing fetal growth retardation are urgently required.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to quantify the magnitude and describe the geographical distribution of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in developing countries We estimate that at least 137 million infants are born every year at term with low birth weight (LBW), representing 11% of all newborns in developing countries This rate is approximately 6 times higher than in developed countries LBW, defined as 20%) and LBW (> 15%) cut-off levels for triggering public health action, and that population-wide interventions aimed at preventing fetal growth retardation are urgently required
411 citations
••
TL;DR: The present paper examines, describes and documents country-specific trends in under-five mortality rates (i.e., mortality among children under five years of age) in the 1990s, and identifies countries and WHO regions where sustained improvement has occurred and those where setbacks are evident.
Abstract: The present paper examines, describes and documents country-specific trends in under-five mortality rates (i.e., mortality among children under five years of age) in the 1990s. Our analysis updates previous studies by UNICEF, the World Bank and the United Nations. It identifies countries and WHO regions where sustained improvement has occurred and those where setbacks are evident. A consistent series of estimates of under-five mortality rate is provided and an indication is given of historical trends during the period 1950-2000 for both developed and developing countries. It is estimated that 10.5 million children aged 0-4 years died in 1999, about 2.2 million or 17.5% fewer than a decade earlier. On average about 15% of newborn children in Africa are expected to die before reaching their fifth birthday. The corresponding figures for many other parts of the developing world are in the range 3-8% and that for Europe is under 2%. During the 1990s the decline in child mortality decelerated in all the WHO regions except the Western Pacific but there is no widespread evidence of rising child mortality rates. At the country level there are exceptions in southern Africa where the prevalence of HIV is extremely high and in Asia where a few countries are beset by economic difficulties. The slowdown in the rate of decline is of particular concern in Africa and South-East Asia because it is occurring at relatively high levels of mortality, and in countries experiencing severe economic dislocation. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues in Africa, particularly southern Africa, and in parts of Asia, further reductions in child mortality become increasingly unlikely until substantial progress in controlling the spread of HIV is achieved.
411 citations
••
TL;DR: In a pooled analysis of data collected from invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance databases, Daniel Feikin and colleagues examine serotype replacement after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococCal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) into national immunization programs.
Abstract: Background: Vaccine-serotype (VT) invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates declined substantially following introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) into national immunization programs. Increases in non-vaccineserotype (NVT) IPD rates occurred in some sites, presumably representing serotype replacement. We used a standardized approach to describe serotype-specific IPD changes among multiple sites after PCV7 introduction. Methods and Findings: Of 32 IPD surveillance datasets received, we identified 21 eligible databases with rate data $2 years before and $1 year after PCV7 introduction. Expected annual rates of IPD absent PCV7 introduction were estimated by extrapolation using either Poisson regression modeling of pre-PCV7 rates or averaging pre-PCV7 rates. To estimate whether changes in rates had occurred following PCV7 introduction, we calculated site specific rate ratios by dividing observed by expected IPD rates for each post-PCV7 year. We calculated summary rate ratios (RRs) using random effects meta-analysis. For children ,5 years old, overall IPD decreased by year 1 post-PCV7 (RR 0?55, 95% CI 0?46–0?65) and remained relatively stable through year 7 (RR 0?49, 95% CI 0?35–0?68). Point estimates for VT IPD decreased annually through year 7 (RR 0?03, 95% CI 0?01–0?10), while NVT IPD increased (year 7 RR 2?81, 95% CI 2?12–3?71). Among adults, decreases in overall IPD also occurred but were smaller and more variable by site than among children. At year 7 after introduction, significant reductions were observed (18–49 year-olds [RR 0?52, 95% CI 0?29–0?91], 50–64 year-olds [RR 0?84, 95% CI 0?77–0?93], and $65 year-olds [RR 0?74, 95% CI 0?58–0?95]). Conclusions: Consistent and significant decreases in both overall and VT IPD in children occurred quickly and were sustained for 7 years after PCV7 introduction, supporting use of PCVs. Increases in NVT IPD occurred in most sites, with variable magnitude. These findings may not represent the experience in low-income countries or the effects after
411 citations
••
TL;DR: It is indicated that if HCW get immunized against influenza, they do so primarily for their own benefit and not for the benefit to their patients.
410 citations
Authors
Showing all 13385 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Christopher J L Murray | 209 | 754 | 310329 |
Michael Marmot | 193 | 1147 | 170338 |
Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
Alan D. Lopez | 172 | 863 | 259291 |
Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 165 | 1231 | 169329 |
Simon I. Hay | 165 | 557 | 153307 |
Robert G. Webster | 158 | 843 | 90776 |
Ali H. Mokdad | 156 | 634 | 160599 |
Matthias Egger | 152 | 901 | 184176 |
Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
Jean Bousquet | 145 | 1288 | 96769 |
Igor Rudan | 142 | 658 | 103659 |
Holger J. Schünemann | 141 | 810 | 113169 |
Richard M. Myers | 134 | 496 | 137791 |
Majid Ezzati | 133 | 443 | 137171 |