Institution
World Health Organization
Government•Islamabad, Pakistan•
About: World Health Organization is a government organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 13330 authors who have published 22232 publications receiving 1322023 citations. The organization is also known as: World Health Organisation & WHO.
Topics: Population, Public health, Health care, Health policy, Global health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute1, World Health Organization2, University of Basel3, University of London4, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill5, Emory University6, University of California, Berkeley7, Aberystwyth University8, University of East Anglia9, Tshwane University of Technology10, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology11, University of York12, University of Bristol13
TL;DR: To assess the impact of inadequate water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low‐ and middle‐income settings, a large number of patients in low- and middle-income settings are exposed to faeces-based infectious diseases.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the impact of inadequate water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low- and middle-income settings. Methods: The search strategy used Cochrane Library, MEDLINE & PubMed, Global Health, Embase and BIOSIS supplemented by screening of reference lists from previously published systematic reviews, to identify studies reporting on interventions examining the effect of drinking water and sanitation improvements in low- and middle-income settings published between 1970 and May 2013. Studies including randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised trials with control group, observational studies using matching techniques and observational studies with a control group where the intervention was well defined were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Ottawa-Newcastle scale. Study results were combined using meta-analysis and meta-regression to derive overall and intervention-specific risk estimates. Results: Of 6819 records identified for drinking water, 61 studies met the inclusion criteria, and of 12 515 records identified for sanitation, 11 studies were included. Overall, improvements in drinking water and sanitation were associated with decreased risks of diarrhoea. Specific improvements, such as the use of water filters, provision of high-quality piped water and sewer connections, were associated with greater reductions in diarrhoea compared with other interventions. Conclusions: The results show that inadequate water and sanitation are associated with considerable risks of diarrhoeal disease and that there are notable differences in illness reduction according to the type of improved water and sanitation implemented.
405 citations
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene1, University of Groningen2, World Health Organization3, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services4, Statens Serum Institut5, California Department of Public Health6, Rio de Janeiro State University7, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research8, McGill University9, University of Pennsylvania10, Radboud University Nijmegen11, Institut de recherche pour le développement12, University Health Network13, Albert Einstein College of Medicine14, National Institutes of Health15, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention16, University of Colorado Denver17, Centre for Health Protection18, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation19, University of Cape Town20, University of Sydney21, University of Paris22, Médecins Sans Frontières23, University of California, San Francisco24, Emory University25, Brigham and Women's Hospital26, Samsung Medical Center27, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro28, Hofstra University29, New Generation University College30, Karolinska Institutet31, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton32, Sofia Medical University33, Harvard University34, Columbia University35, Cornell University36, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler37, Partners In Health38, University of Ulsan39, University of Sassari40, Queen Mary University of London41, The Chinese University of Hong Kong42
TL;DR: Treatment outcomes were significantly better with use of linezolid, later generation fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline, clofazimine, and carbapenems for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and the need for trials to ascertain the optimal combination and duration of these drugs is emphasised.
404 citations
United States Department of Agriculture1, Washington University in St. Louis2, Hungarian Academy of Sciences3, National Institutes of Health4, Georgia State University5, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases6, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation7, Columbia University8, University of Texas Medical Branch9, Colorado State University10, Yeshiva University11, Huazhong Agricultural University12, University of Queensland13, University of Marburg14, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign15, University of Warwick16, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária17, World Health Organization18, Erasmus University Rotterdam19, New York University20, University of Kentucky21, Public Health England22, Kagoshima University23, Murdoch University24, University of São Paulo25, Public Health Agency of Canada26, Okayama University27, United States Geological Survey28, Northwestern University29, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention30, University of Cambridge31, Boston University32, Novosibirsk State University33, University of Medicine and Health Sciences34, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna35, Texas Biomedical Research Institute36, Texas A&M University37, University of St Andrews38, Queen's University Belfast39, University of Freiburg40, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention41, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory42, Hokkaido University43, Kyoto University44, Pasteur Institute45, Wageningen University and Research Centre46, University of Lyon47, National University of Singapore48, Kansas State University49, University of Hong Kong50
TL;DR: The updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales is presented as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Abstract: In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
404 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the main obstacles to improving urban health are not technical or even financial, but rather are related to governance and the organization of civil society.
Abstract: The majority of people now live in urban areas and will do so for the foreseeable future. As a force in the demographic and health transition, urbanization is associated with falling birth and death rates and with the shift in burden of illness from acute childhood infections to chronic, noncommunicable diseases of adults. Urban inhabitants enjoy better health on average than their rural counterparts, but the benefits are usually greater for the rich than for the poor, thus magnifying the differences between them. Subject to better evidence, I suggest that the main obstacles to improving urban health are not technical or even financial, but rather are related to governance and the organization of civil society.
403 citations
TL;DR: The findings support the recommendation of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication to cease routine smallpox vaccination in monkeypox endemic areas, but to encourage continued epidemiological surveillance.
Abstract: Data on monkeypox in Zaire over the five years 1980-1984 are analysed to assess the protection imparted by past smallpox vaccination and the transmission potential of the virus in unvaccinated communities. Attack rates in individuals with and without vaccination scars indicated that smallpox vaccination (discontinued in 1980) imparted approximately 85% protection against monkeypox. It is predicted that monkeypox virus will continue to be introduced into human communities from animal sources, and that the average magnitude and duration of monkeypox epidemics will increase as vaccine-derived protection declines in the population. On the other hand, current evidence indicates that the virus is appreciably less transmissible than was smallpox, and that it will not persist in human communities, even in the total absence of vaccination. The findings thus support the recommendation of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication to cease routine smallpox vaccination in monkeypox endemic areas, but to encourage continued epidemiological surveillance.
402 citations
Authors
Showing all 13385 results
| Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christopher J L Murray | 209 | 754 | 310329 |
| Michael Marmot | 193 | 1147 | 170338 |
| Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
| Alan D. Lopez | 172 | 863 | 259291 |
| Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 165 | 1231 | 169329 |
| Simon I. Hay | 165 | 557 | 153307 |
| Robert G. Webster | 158 | 843 | 90776 |
| Ali H. Mokdad | 156 | 634 | 160599 |
| Matthias Egger | 152 | 901 | 184176 |
| Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
| Jean Bousquet | 145 | 1288 | 96769 |
| Igor Rudan | 142 | 658 | 103659 |
| Holger J. Schünemann | 141 | 810 | 113169 |
| Richard M. Myers | 134 | 496 | 137791 |
| Majid Ezzati | 133 | 443 | 137171 |