Institution
World Health Organization
Government•Islamabad, Pakistan•
About: World Health Organization is a government organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 13330 authors who have published 22232 publications receiving 1322023 citations. The organization is also known as: World Health Organisation & WHO.
Topics: Population, Public health, Health care, Health policy, Global health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The paper highlights the challenges to dental public health practice, particularly the importance of risk assessment in estimating the potential for prevention, and systematic risk factor assessment may therefore be instrumental in the planning and surveillance of oral health promotion and oral disease intervention programmes.
Abstract: Diseases probably have their roots in a complex chain of environmental and behavioural events which are shaped by broader socioeconomic determinants. Most studies of sociobehavioural risk factors in dental caries have been carried out in industrialized countries, but such reports from low- and middle-income countries have been published in recent years. World Health Organization international collaborative studies and other international studies of social factors in dental caries using the same methodology provide empirical evidence of social inequality in oral health across countries and across oral health care systems. The paper highlights the challenges to dental public health practice, particularly the importance of risk assessment in estimating the potential for prevention. In future public health programmes, systematic risk factor assessment may therefore be instrumental in the planning and surveillance of oral health promotion and oral disease intervention programmes.
399 citations
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TL;DR: The molecular characterisation of Giardia and Cryptosporidium has given rise to a more epidemiological meaningful and robust taxonomy and there is a need for molecular epidemiological studies to be undertaken in well-defined foci of transmission in order to fully determine the frequency and importance of zoonotic transmission.
399 citations
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Pasteur Institute1, Leiden University Medical Center2, University of Tübingen3, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh4, University of Ibadan5, Nangarhar University6, Mahidol University7, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research8, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research9, University of Melbourne10, Médecins Sans Frontières11, Mbarara University of Science and Technology12, World Health Organization13, Jiangsu University14, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases15, Pennsylvania State University16, Cheikh Anta Diop University17, University of Lomé18, University of Douala19, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine20, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation21, University of Gondar22, Chinese Academy of Sciences23, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine24, Institut de recherche pour le développement25, University of Antwerp26, University of Kinshasa27, Thammasat University28, University of Bamako29, Medical University of Vienna30, Medicines for Malaria Venture31, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny32, University of London33, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology34, Southwest University of Visual Arts35, Columbia University36, Paris Descartes University37
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the K13-propeller sequence polymorphism in 14,037 samples collected in 59 countries in which malaria is endemic and identified 108 nonsynonymous K13 mutations, which showed marked geographic disparity in their frequency and distribution.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:
Recent gains in reducing the global burden of malaria are threatened by the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins. The discovery that mutations in portions of a P. falciparum gene encoding kelch (K13)-propeller domains are the major determinant of resistance has provided opportunities for monitoring such resistance on a global scale.
METHODS:
We analyzed the K13-propeller sequence polymorphism in 14,037 samples collected in 59 countries in which malaria is endemic. Most of the samples (84.5%) were obtained from patients who were treated at sentinel sites used for nationwide surveillance of antimalarial resistance. We evaluated the emergence and dissemination of mutations by haplotyping neighboring loci.
RESULTS:
We identified 108 nonsynonymous K13 mutations, which showed marked geographic disparity in their frequency and distribution. In Asia, 36.5% of the K13 mutations were distributed within two areas--one in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos and the other in western Thailand, Myanmar, and China--with no overlap. In Africa, we observed a broad array of rare nonsynonymous mutations that were not associated with delayed parasite clearance. The gene-edited Dd2 transgenic line with the A578S mutation, which expresses the most frequently observed African allele, was found to be susceptible to artemisinin in vitro on a ring-stage survival assay.
CONCLUSIONS:
No evidence of artemisinin resistance was found outside Southeast Asia and China, where resistance-associated K13 mutations were confined. The common African A578S allele was not associated with clinical or in vitro resistance to artemisinin, and many African mutations appear to be neutral. (Funded by Institut Pasteur Paris and others.).
398 citations
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University of London1, China Medical Board2, Indiana University3, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention4, World Economic Forum5, New York Academy of Medicine6, HelpAge International7, University of Oxford8, World Health Organization9, Georgetown University Law Center10, Harvard University11, Chatham House12, University of Sheffield13, Tribhuvan University14, Columbia University15, Brigham and Women's Hospital16
TL;DR: A group of respected global health practitioners reflecting on lessons learned from the Ebola outbreak describe some of the major threats to individual and collective human health, as well as the values and recommendations that should be considered to counteract such threats in the future.
398 citations
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TL;DR: The authors' data suggest that intimate partner violence during a pregnancy is a common experience, and that global initiatives to reduce maternal mortality and improve maternal health must devote increased attention to violence against women, particularly violence during pregnancy.
397 citations
Authors
Showing all 13385 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Christopher J L Murray | 209 | 754 | 310329 |
Michael Marmot | 193 | 1147 | 170338 |
Didier Raoult | 173 | 3267 | 153016 |
Alan D. Lopez | 172 | 863 | 259291 |
Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 165 | 1231 | 169329 |
Simon I. Hay | 165 | 557 | 153307 |
Robert G. Webster | 158 | 843 | 90776 |
Ali H. Mokdad | 156 | 634 | 160599 |
Matthias Egger | 152 | 901 | 184176 |
Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
Jean Bousquet | 145 | 1288 | 96769 |
Igor Rudan | 142 | 658 | 103659 |
Holger J. Schünemann | 141 | 810 | 113169 |
Richard M. Myers | 134 | 496 | 137791 |
Majid Ezzati | 133 | 443 | 137171 |