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Institution

World Health Organization

GovernmentIslamabad, Pakistan
About: World Health Organization is a government organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 13330 authors who have published 22232 publications receiving 1322023 citations. The organization is also known as: World Health Organisation & WHO.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jan 1995-JAMA
TL;DR: The human immunodeficiency virus epidemic is causing increases in the number of tuberculosis cases, particularly in Africa, although increases are also expected in Southeast Asia.
Abstract: This article describes the global epidemiology of tuberculosis and reviews recent estimates of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in the world. The highest prevalence of tuberculosis infection and estimated annual risk of tuberculosis infection are in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Overall, almost 3.8 million cases of tuberculosis were reported in the world in 1990, of which 49% were in Southeast Asia. From the period 1984 through 1986 to the period 1989 through 1991, notification rates increased in all World Health Organization regions, except the American and the European regions. In 1990, there were an estimated 7.5 million cases of tuberculosis and 2.5 million deaths worldwide. The human immunodeficiency virus epidemic is causing increases in the number of tuberculosis cases, particularly in Africa, although increases are also expected in Southeast Asia. In many industrialized countries, tuberculosis has recently failed to decline, and in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, cases and deaths are increasing. Drug resistance is a serious problem, especially in the United States. If worldwide control of tuberculosis does not improve, 90 million new cases and 30 million deaths are expected in the decade 1990 through 1999. (JAMA. 1995;273:220-226)

1,737 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A global strategy aimed at increasing the capacity for surveillance and outbreak response, changing behaviours and reducing the disease burden using integrated vector management in conjunction with early and accurate diagnosis has been advocated.
Abstract: Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever are important arthropod-borne viral diseases. Each year, there are ∼50 million dengue infections and ∼500,000 individuals are hospitalized with dengue haemorrhagic fever, mainly in Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Americas. Illness is produced by any of the four dengue virus serotypes. A global strategy aimed at increasing the capacity for surveillance and outbreak response, changing behaviours and reducing the disease burden using integrated vector management in conjunction with early and accurate diagnosis has been advocated. Antiviral drugs and vaccines that are currently under development could also make an important contribution to dengue control in the future.

1,732 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Jul 2011-Nature
TL;DR: A consortium of researchers, advocates and clinicians announces here research priorities for improving the lives of people with mental illness around the world, and calls for urgent action and investment.
Abstract: A consortium of researchers, advocates and clinicians announces here research priorities for improving the lives of people with mental illness around the world, and calls for urgent action and investment.

1,726 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Aug 2009-JAMA
TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence rates of PTSD and depression in the refugee and postconflict mental health field found nonrandom sampling, small sample sizes, and self-report questionnaires were associated with higher rates of mental disorder.
Abstract: Context Uncertainties continue about the roles that methodological factors and key risk factors, particularly torture and other potentially traumatic events (PTEs), play in the variation of reported prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression across epidemiologic surveys among postconflict populations worldwide. Objective To undertake a systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence rates of PTSD and depression in the refugee and postconflict mental health field. Data Sources An initial pool of 5904 articles, identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PILOTS, of surveys involving refugee, conflict-affected populations, or both, published in English-language journals between 1980 and May 2009. Study Selection Surveys were limited to those of adult populations (n ≥ 50) reporting PTSD prevalence, depression prevalence, or both. Excluded surveys comprised patients, war veterans, and civilian populations (nonrefugees/asylum seekers) from high-income countries exposed to terrorist attacks or involved in distal conflicts (≥25 years). Data Extraction Methodological factors (response rate, sample size and design, diagnostic method) and substantive factors (sociodemographics, place of survey, torture and other PTEs, Political Terror Scale score, residency status, time since conflict). Data Synthesis A total of 161 articles reporting results of 181 surveys comprising 81 866 refugees and other conflict-affected persons from 40 countries were identified. Rates of reported PTSD and depression showed large intersurvey variability (0%-99% and 3%-85.5%, respectively). The unadjusted weighted prevalence rate reported across all surveys for PTSD was 30.6% (95% CI, 26.3%-35.2%) and for depression was 30.8% (95% CI, 26.3%-35.6%). Methodological factors accounted for 12.9% and 27.7% PTSD and depression, respectively. Nonrandom sampling, small sample sizes, and self-report questionnaires were associated with higher rates of mental disorder. Adjusting for methodological factors, reported torture (Δ total R 2 between base methodological model and base model + substantive factor [ΔR 2 ] = 23.6%; OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.52-2.65) emerged as the strongest factor associated with PTSD, followed by cumulative exposure to PTEs (ΔR 2 = 10.8%; OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.21-1.91), time since conflict (ΔR 2 = 10%; OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91), and assessed level of political terror (ΔR 2 = 3.5%; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03-2.50). For depression, significant factors were number of PTEs (ΔR 2 = 22.0%; OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.39-1.93), time since conflict (ΔR 2 = 21.9%; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93), reported torture (ΔR 2 = 11.4%; OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07-2.04), and residency status (ΔR 2 = 5.0%; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07-1.57). Conclusion Methodological factors and substantive population risk factors, such as exposure to torture and other PTEs, after adjusting for methodological factors account for higher rates of reported prevalence of PTSD and depression.

1,714 citations


Authors

Showing all 13385 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Christopher J L Murray209754310329
Michael Marmot1931147170338
Didier Raoult1733267153016
Alan D. Lopez172863259291
Zulfiqar A Bhutta1651231169329
Simon I. Hay165557153307
Robert G. Webster15884390776
Ali H. Mokdad156634160599
Matthias Egger152901184176
Paolo Boffetta148145593876
Jean Bousquet145128896769
Igor Rudan142658103659
Holger J. Schünemann141810113169
Richard M. Myers134496137791
Majid Ezzati133443137171
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202319
202279
20211,792
20201,612
20191,402
20181,360