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Institution

World Health Organization

GovernmentIslamabad, Pakistan
About: World Health Organization is a government organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 13330 authors who have published 22232 publications receiving 1322023 citations. The organization is also known as: World Health Organisation & WHO.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The burden of diarrhoeal diseases from exposure to inadequate water, sanitation and hand hygiene in low‐ and middle‐income settings and an overview of the impact on other diseases are estimated.
Abstract: objective To estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases from exposure to inadequate water, sanitation and hand hygiene in low- and middle-income settings and provide an overview of the impact on other diseases. methods For estimating the impact of water, sanitation and hygiene on diarrhoea, we selected exposure levels with both sufficient global exposure data and a matching exposure-risk relationship. Global exposure data were estimated for the year 2012, and risk estimates were taken from the most recent systematic analyses. We estimated attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by country, age and sex for inadequate water, sanitation and hand hygiene separately, and as a cluster of risk factors. Uncertainty estimates were computed on the basis of uncertainty surrounding exposure estimates and relative risks. results In 2012, 502 000 diarrhoea deaths were estimated to be caused by inadequate drinking water and 280 000 deaths by inadequate sanitation. The most likely estimate of disease burden from inadequate hand hygiene amounts to 297 000 deaths. In total, 842 000 diarrhoea deaths are estimated to be caused by this cluster of risk factors, which amounts to 1.5% of the total disease burden and 58% of diarrhoeal diseases. In children under 5 years old, 361 000 deaths could be prevented, representing 5.5% of deaths in that age group. conclusions This estimate confirms the importance of improving water and sanitation in low- and middle-income settings for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease burden. It also underscores the need for better data on exposure and risk reductions that can be achieved with provision of reliable piped water, community sewage with treatment and hand hygiene.

869 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that schistosomiasis remains an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and the mortality rates due to non-functioning kidney and haematemesis at 150000 and 130000 per year are estimated.

867 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This analysis suggests that throughout the world 1.9 million children died from ARI in 2000, 70% of them in Africa and southeast Asia.
Abstract: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are among the leading causes of childhood mortality. Estimates of the number of children worldwide who die from ARI are needed in setting priorities for health care. To establish a relation between deaths due to ARI and all-cause deaths in children under 5 years we show that the proportion of deaths directly attributable to ARI declines from 23% to 18% and then 15% (95% confidence limits range from +/- 2% to +/- 3%) as under-5 mortality declines from 50 to 20 and then to 10/1000 per year. Much of the variability in estimates of ARI in children is shown to be inherent in the use of verbal autopsies. This analysis suggests that throughout the world 1.9 million (95% CI 1.6-2.2 million) children died from ARI in 2000, 70% of them in Africa and southeast Asia.

862 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study highlights the need to expand data collection efforts at country level and provides an initial baseline for monitoring progress of the World Health Organization global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections 2016–2021.
Abstract: Objective To generate estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of urogenital infection with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis in women and men, aged 15–49 years, in 2016.

860 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although 'diseases of affluence' are increasing in developing countries, infectious diseases still impose the greatest health burden and simple, accurate and stable diagnostic tests are essential to combat these diseases.
Abstract: Although 'diseases of affluence', such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are increasing in developing countries, infectious diseases still impose the greatest health burden. Annually, just under 1 million people die from malaria, 4.3 million from acute respiratory infections, 2.9 million from enteric infections and 5 million from AIDS and tuberculosis. Other sexually transmitted infections and tropical parasitic infections are responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths and an enormous burden of morbidity. More than 95% of these deaths occur in developing countries. Simple, accurate and stable diagnostic tests are essential to combat these diseases, but are usually unavailable or inaccessible to those who need them.

860 citations


Authors

Showing all 13385 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Christopher J L Murray209754310329
Michael Marmot1931147170338
Didier Raoult1733267153016
Alan D. Lopez172863259291
Zulfiqar A Bhutta1651231169329
Simon I. Hay165557153307
Robert G. Webster15884390776
Ali H. Mokdad156634160599
Matthias Egger152901184176
Paolo Boffetta148145593876
Jean Bousquet145128896769
Igor Rudan142658103659
Holger J. Schünemann141810113169
Richard M. Myers134496137791
Majid Ezzati133443137171
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202319
202279
20211,792
20201,612
20191,402
20181,360