Wuhan University of Technology

About: Wuhan University of Technology is a education organization based out in Wuhan, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Microstructure & Catalysis. The organization has 40384 authors who have published 36724 publications receiving 575695 citations. The organization is also known as: WUT.

Nanowires in Energy Storage Devices: Structures, Synthesis, and Applications

Abstract: DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201802369 great significance in solving the current energy crisis and environmental problems in human society.[1] Solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, and nuclear power are used as environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources.[2] However, the seasonal characteristic, regionalism, and discontinuity make it hard to use the clean energy directly in the industries and daily life. Therefore, how to store these energy sources is a hot spot of concern. Currently, different kinds of energy storage technologies for stationary applications include mechanical, chemical, electrical, and electrochemical energy storage.[3,4] Among them, the electrochemical energy storage has higher efficiency, longer cycle life, lower cost, sustainability, and other favorable features, which has shown great prospects. Recently, lithium-ion batteries have become the mainstream of electrochemical energy storage devices, and have played an important role in smart grids, electric vehicles, and personal electronic devices.[5] However, people are still finding better alternatives, due to the scarcity of lithium resources, high prices, and safety issues.[6,7] Researches on sodium-ion batteries,[8,9] potassiumion batteries,[10] and multivalent batteries[11] are also underway. It is hard to get ideal electrochemical energy storage devices with high power and energy density at the same time. Trying to balance the indexes, researches on the battery–supercapacitor hybrid devices have also been studied.[12] The two electrodes are the capacitive electrode and the battery-type electrode. The energy density would be improved through capacity improvement and voltage expansion. In order to accomplish the goals above, scientists have attempted to use sundry forms of nanomaterials to improve electrochemical performance.[13] 1D nanomaterials (nanowires (NWs)/nanorods/nanotubes/nanofibers) have attracted a wide range of interests due to their unique functional characteristics. Nanowire is one of these structures that possess several practical properties, such as crystallinity, well-controlled dimensional composition, and electronic radial transport, which helps to manufacture the nanoscale systems and useful devices in electrochemical energy storage. After several decades, the application potential of nanowires in energy storage has been explored, and their advantages can partially be adapted to expectations of people on electrode materials.[14] The advantages of Accompanied by the development and utilization of renewable energy sources, efficient energy storage has become a key topic. Electrochemical energy storage devices are considered to be one of the most practical energy storage devices capable of converting and storing electrical energy generated by renewable resources, which are also used as the power source of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. The ultimate goals of electrochemical energy storage devices are long lifespan, high safety, high power, and high energy density. To achieve the above goals, researchers have attempted to use various nanomaterials to improve electrochemical performance. Among these, 1D materials play a critical role. This review classifies nanowires according to morphologies (simple nanowires, core–shell/coated nanowires, hierarchical/heterostructured nanowires, porous/mesoporous nanowires, hollow structures) and combined forms (nanowire arrays, nanowire networks, nanowire bundles) and introduces their characteristics and corresponding synthetic methods. The characteristics and advantages of nanowires in lithium-ion, sodium-ion and zinc-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, along with in situ characterization of nanowire electrode are reflected in the application examples. In the summary and outlook section, some comments are presented to provide directions for further exploring nanowire based electrochemical energy storage in the future. Nanowires

A Time-based Cluster-Head Selection Algorithm for LEACH

Abstract: A wireless sensor network consists of hundreds or thousands of small energy-limited sensors that are densely deployed in a large geographical region. It has been demonstrated that low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is an energy-efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this paper, we present a Time-based cluster-head selection algorithm for LEACH. We call this new protocol TB-LEACH. We state the principle of TB-LEACH and give the main flowchart and pseudo codes realizing TB-LEACH. We provide a comparison between our protocol and LEACH protocol. The implementation of this protocol is figured out by NS2. Simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms original LEACH by about 20% to 30% in terms of system lifetime.