Yahoo!

About: Yahoo! is a company organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Web search query. The organization has 26749 authors who have published 29915 publications receiving 732583 citations. The organization is also known as: Yahoo! Inc. & Maudwen-Yahoo! Inc.

Tuberculosis of the spine: a historical review.

Abstract: Almost all ancient civilizations described tuberculous bacilli in their old scripts, and these bacteria have been found in prehistoric skeletal remains The clinical availability of specific antitubercular drugs was the most important breakthrough in managing spinal tuberculosis Any attempt at surgical excision of the disease prior to the antitubercular era met with serious complications, dissemination of disease and high mortality (nearly 50%) Antitubercular drugs markedly improved the results of management by operative treatment Excellent healing of disease was also observed in those patients who were treated nonoperatively However, it took many years (1950-1970) for clinicians to appreciate the efficacy of antitubercular drugs Operations for spinal tuberculosis are now indicated less for control of disease (5-10% of all cases) than for complications, including nonresponding neural deficit (nearly 40% of neural complications), prevention or correction of severe kyphotic deformity, and for tissue diagnosis (approximately 5% of all cases) For a classic spondylodiscitis when surgery is required for debridement and decompression, an anterior approach through an extrapleural anterolateral route or through transpleural route is recommended Healthy posterior elements should not be jeopardized by surgery The real control of tuberculous disease requires a serious and sustained global effort to eliminate immunocompromised states, poverty, malnutrition, and overcrowding

International variations in the outcome of schizophrenia and the prevalence of depression in relation to national dietary practices: an ecological analysis

Abstract: Background Dietary variations are known to predictthe prevalence of physical illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease but the possible influence of diet on mental health has been neglected. Aims To explore dietary predictors of the outcome of schizophrenia and the prevalence of depression. Method Ecological analysis of national dietary patterns in relation to international variations in outcome of schizophrenia and prevalence of depression. Results A higher national dietary intake of refined sugar and dairy products predicted a worse 2-year outcome of schizophrenia. A high national prevalence of depression was predicted by a low dietary intake of fish and seafood. Conclusions The dietary predictors of outcome of schizophrenia and prevalence of depression are similar to those that predict illnesses such as coronary heart disease and diabetes, which are more common in people with mental health problems and in which nutritional approaches are widely recommended. Dietary intervention studies are indicated in schizophrenia and depression.

Osteochondral lesions of the knee: a new one-step repair technique with bone-marrow-derived cells.

Abstract: Osteochondral lesions of the knee are defects of the cartilaginous surface and underlying subchondral bone, most frequently traumatic in origin1. These lesions are predominantly located on the medial femoral condyle, and associated ligamentous or meniscal pathology is reported in 40% of cases2,3 (Fig. 1). Biomechanical studies have demonstrated increased stress concentration on the rim of the osteochondral defect, which may have important implications for cartilage longevity4. Due to poor hyaline cartilage repair capability, larger osteochondral lesions of the knee are associated both with immediate significant clinical impairment and with symptoms appearing approximately one decade earlier than the degenerative cartilage changes that are associated with idiopathic osteoarthritis5. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 1 Osteochondral lesions can affect all areas of articular cartilage, but the femoral condyle is most often involved. Fig. 2 Bone marrow is aspirated from the posterior iliac crest. Surgery is frequently needed to treat knee symptoms in patients with osteochondral lesions of the knee and to restore the cartilage on the articular surface, which lessens the risk of the development of osteoarthritis6-8. Various surgical options have been proposed for osteochondral repair6-9 but only a few have shown the ability to provide repair of the lesion site with hyaline cartilage5,10-12. Traditionally, hyaline cartilage repair has been achieved through cartilage replacement (osteoarticular transfer system [OATS; Arthrex, Naples, Florida], which is a type of mosaicplasty)13 or cartilage regeneration through autologous chondrocyte implantation6,14. Cartilage replacement procedures have the advantage of repairing cartilage defects with use of already mature autologous cartilage cells; however, donor-site pathology, discontinuity in the orientation of the cartilage plugs, and fibrocartilage in the gaps are disadvantages of these techniques13. Cartilage regeneration by autologous chondrocyte …

Super-samples from kernel herding

Abstract: We extend the herding algorithm to continuous spaces by using the kernel trick. The resulting "kernel herding" algorithm is an infinite memory deterministic process that learns to approximate a PDF with a collection of samples. We show that kernel herding decreases the error of expectations of functions in the Hilbert space at a rate O(1/T) which is much faster than the usual O(1/T) for iid random samples. We illustrate kernel herding by approximating Bayesian predictive distributions.

Cold start link prediction

Abstract: In the traditional link prediction problem, a snapshot of a social network is used as a starting point to predict, by means of graph-theoretic measures, the links that are likely to appear in the future. In this paper, we introduce cold start link prediction as the problem of predicting the structure of a social network when the network itself is totally missing while some other information regarding the nodes is available. We propose a two-phase method based on the bootstrap probabilistic graph. The first phase generates an implicit social network under the form of a probabilistic graph. The second phase applies probabilistic graph-based measures to produce the final prediction. We assess our method empirically over a large data collection obtained from Flickr, using interest groups as the initial information. The experiments confirm the effectiveness of our approach.