Institution
Yale-NUS College
Education•
About: Yale-NUS College is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Graphene. The organization has 342 authors who have published 868 publications receiving 14920 citations. The organization is also known as: Yale-NUS College.
Papers
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24 Oct 2016TL;DR: This paper investigates the security of running smart contracts based on Ethereum in an open distributed network like those of cryptocurrencies, and proposes ways to enhance the operational semantics of Ethereum to make contracts less vulnerable.
Abstract: Cryptocurrencies record transactions in a decentralized data structure called a blockchain. Two of the most popular cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin and Ethereum, support the feature to encode rules or scripts for processing transactions. This feature has evolved to give practical shape to the ideas of smart contracts, or full-fledged programs that are run on blockchains. Recently, Ethereum's smart contract system has seen steady adoption, supporting tens of thousands of contracts, holding millions dollars worth of virtual coins. In this paper, we investigate the security of running smart contracts based on Ethereum in an open distributed network like those of cryptocurrencies. We introduce several new security problems in which an adversary can manipulate smart contract execution to gain profit. These bugs suggest subtle gaps in the understanding of the distributed semantics of the underlying platform. As a refinement, we propose ways to enhance the operational semantics of Ethereum to make contracts less vulnerable. For developers writing contracts for the existing Ethereum system, we build a symbolic execution tool called Oyente to find potential security bugs. Among 19, 336 existing Ethereum contracts, Oyente flags 8, 833 of them as vulnerable, including the TheDAO bug which led to a 60 million US dollar loss in June 2016. We also discuss the severity of other attacks for several case studies which have source code available and confirm the attacks (which target only our accounts) in the main Ethereum network.
1,232 citations
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Wageningen University and Research Centre1, University of Puerto Rico2, University of Alabama3, National Autonomous University of Mexico4, Brown University5, University of Connecticut6, University of São Paulo7, Leipzig University8, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute9, Federal University of Pernambuco10, Tulane University11, University of Stirling12, Clemson University13, University of Alberta14, National Institute of Amazonian Research15, Colorado Mesa University16, State University of New York at Purchase17, World Agroforestry Centre18, University of Wisconsin-Madison19, Columbia University20, Aarhus University21, University of Minnesota22, Pedagogical and Technological University of Colombia23, University of California, Santa Barbara24, University of Maryland, College Park25, National University of Singapore26, Yale-NUS College27, Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture28, University of Amsterdam29, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi30, Louisiana State University31, University of Regina32
TL;DR: A biomass recovery map of Latin America is presented, which illustrates geographical and climatic variation in carbon sequestration potential during forest regrowth and will support policies to minimize forest loss in areas where biomass resilience is naturally low and promote forest regeneration and restoration in humid tropical lowland areas with high biomass resilience.
Abstract: Land-use change occurs nowhere more rapidly than in the tropics, where the imbalance between deforestation and forest regrowth has large consequences for the global carbon cycle. However, considerable uncertainty remains about the rate of biomass recovery in secondary forests, and how these rates are influenced by climate, landscape, and prior land use. Here we analyse aboveground biomass recovery during secondary succession in 45 forest sites and about 1,500 forest plots covering the major environmental gradients in the Neotropics. The studied secondary forests are highly productive and resilient. Aboveground biomass recovery after 20 years was on average 122 megagrams per hectare (Mg ha(-1)), corresponding to a net carbon uptake of 3.05 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), 11 times the uptake rate of old-growth forests. Aboveground biomass stocks took a median time of 66 years to recover to 90% of old-growth values. Aboveground biomass recovery after 20 years varied 11.3-fold (from 20 to 225 Mg ha(-1)) across sites, and this recovery increased with water availability (higher local rainfall and lower climatic water deficit). We present a biomass recovery map of Latin America, which illustrates geographical and climatic variation in carbon sequestration potential during forest regrowth. The map will support policies to minimize forest loss in areas where biomass resilience is naturally low (such as seasonally dry forest regions) and promote forest regeneration and restoration in humid tropical lowland areas with high biomass resilience.
724 citations
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01 Jun 2016TL;DR: This paper proposes an effective method that uses simple patch-based priors for both the background and rain layers that removes rain streaks better than the existing methods qualitatively and quantitatively.
Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of rain streak removal from a single image. Rain streaks impair visibility of an image and introduce undesirable interference that can severely affect the performance of computer vision algorithms. Rain streak removal can be formulated as a layer decomposition problem, with a rain streak layer superimposed on a background layer containing the true scene content. Existing decomposition methods that address this problem employ either dictionary learning methods or impose a low rank structure on the appearance of the rain streaks. While these methods can improve the overall visibility, they tend to leave too many rain streaks in the background image or over-smooth the background image. In this paper, we propose an effective method that uses simple patch-based priors for both the background and rain layers. These priors are based on Gaussian mixture models and can accommodate multiple orientations and scales of the rain streaks. This simple approach removes rain streaks better than the existing methods qualitatively and quantitatively. We overview our method and demonstrate its effectiveness over prior work on a number of examples.
718 citations
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TL;DR: This work investigates the electronic transport properties of individual crystallites of high quality CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 and shows that the short-range scattering plays a dominant role in the highly conducting regime at low temperatures.
Abstract: Recent success in the growth of monolayer MoS2 via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has opened up prospects for the implementation of these materials into thin film electronic and optoelectronic devices Here, we investigate the electronic transport properties of individual crystallites of high quality CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 The devices show low temperature mobilities up to 500 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and a clear signature of metallic conduction at high doping densities These characteristics are comparable to the electronic properties of the best mechanically exfoliated monolayers in literature, verifying the high electronic quality of the CVD-grown materials We analyze the different scattering mechanisms and show that the short-range scattering plays a dominant role in the highly conducting regime at low temperatures Additionally, the influence of optical phonons as a limiting factor is discussed
449 citations
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TL;DR: The Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR) is presented, a collection of databases and tools for studying the biology and genetics of ageing, highlighting new additions and improvements.
Abstract: In spite of a growing body of research and data, human ageing remains a poorly understood process. Over 10 years ago we developed the Human Ageing Genomic Resources (HAGR), a collection of databases and tools for studying the biology and genetics of ageing. Here, we present HAGR's main functionalities, highlighting new additions and improvements. HAGR consists of six core databases: (i) the GenAge database of ageing-related genes, in turn composed of a dataset of >300 human ageing-related genes and a dataset with >2000 genes associated with ageing or longevity in model organisms; (ii) the AnAge database of animal ageing and longevity, featuring >4000 species; (iii) the GenDR database with >200 genes associated with the life-extending effects of dietary restriction; (iv) the LongevityMap database of human genetic association studies of longevity with >500 entries; (v) the DrugAge database with >400 ageing or longevity-associated drugs or compounds; (vi) the CellAge database with >200 genes associated with cell senescence. All our databases are manually curated by experts and regularly updated to ensure a high quality data. Cross-links across our databases and to external resources help researchers locate and integrate relevant information. HAGR is freely available online (http://genomics.senescence.info/).
420 citations
Authors
Showing all 368 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Philip K. Moore | 74 | 169 | 19111 |
Brenda S. A. Yeoh | 57 | 323 | 10474 |
Jeannette R. Ickovics | 55 | 204 | 14481 |
Giovanni Vignale | 53 | 357 | 12885 |
Charles D. Bailyn | 52 | 187 | 8168 |
Marc Fleurbaey | 48 | 318 | 9323 |
Stephen B. Pointing | 46 | 126 | 7822 |
Steven L. Bernasek | 45 | 214 | 7223 |
Alex R. Cook | 45 | 205 | 8627 |
Shaffique Adam | 42 | 121 | 12091 |
Antónia Monteiro | 39 | 140 | 6003 |
Bryan E. Penprase | 37 | 115 | 7734 |
Andrew A. Bettiol | 35 | 235 | 5580 |
Neil D. Clarke | 34 | 58 | 8575 |
Jane Jacobs | 32 | 104 | 22168 |